英语中的否定转移以及部分否定

“I don’t think he is a good doctor.” 翻译：我认为他不是个好医生。

I don’t think you will have any difficulty in finding the boy’s

dormitory.

翻译：我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难。 否定转移的主句动词在语义上可分为两类： A:表示看法的动词：

be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think，fancy，guess，should say等表示主观意见和猜想的动词在句中作谓语时，按习惯其宾语从句的否定通常转移到主句。 如：

1. I didn’t think I have seen you before. 2. She didn’t imagine that we would say anything.

B:表示感觉的动词：

在seem，feel，taste，sound，appear，look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if作联系动词的句子中，特别是seem，按习惯以它的否定来代替其他部分的否定。例如：

1. The baby doesn’t appear to be awake. 2. It doesn’t look （看起来） like it’s （天不会）going to rain.

3．English doesn't seem easy to learn. 英语好像不容易学。

4．It didn't seem during those years that there could be anyone else who might share my own peculiar tastes. 在那些年月里，似乎没有人会有我这样的特殊情趣。

类似的情况还有半助动词happen。

例如：He didn't happen to be at home. 他碰巧不在家。

C:以because引导的从句或because of引导的介词短语在句中作原因状语时，其否定常常转移。例如：

1．I don't teach because teaching is easy for me., and nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or I have knowledge I feel compelled to share with others. (＝ I teach not because… neither because…) 我当教师，并不是因为我觉得教书轻松……也不是因为我认为自己能够解答各种问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可。

didn't go there because of his request. (＝I went there not because of his request.) 我不是因为他的要求而去的。

在有些情况下，否定显然是在主句，而不在从句，并未转移。例如：

I couldn't concentrate because I was so hungry, because I hadn't had my breakfast. 我无法集中精力，因为我很饿，因为我没有吃早饭。

有时，特指否定和一般否定界线不明，因而产生歧义。例如：

I didn't go because I was afraid. 特指否定：我去了，但不是因为我害怕。一般否定：我没有去，因为我害怕。

当句子是一般否定时，为避免歧义，在口头表达时，需在because前稍作停顿。在书面表达时，可在because前用逗号将从句和主句分开。例如： He didn't go to school, because he was ill. 他没去上学，因为他病了。 D:不转移否定的几种情况

在以下特殊情况中，即使有允许否定转移的动词，也不能将其否定转移到主句中。

1. I think是插入语，可看作与其他部分无关时。如：

I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this. 2. 主句中有情态动词can’t, mustn’t, wouldn’t等时。如： I can’t believe that they are married. You mustn’t think he’s stupid.

3.由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短语的关系而把I think隔离时。如：

I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore. “I think the angel is not at all in heaven.” Redmond said.

4.由于受not just…but, just not…enough, not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响，也不便把其否定转移到主句中。如：

I think I’m just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you. But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I. 5. 句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定词时。如： I should think you never have seen many. I thought it explained nothing.

2 英语中的否定转移○

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词

后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的

谓语动词用肯定形式。

I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语时，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)

4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何，就轻信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着迷。

但是属于下列情况的却不用进行否定转移 1.

主句的谓语动词为一般过去时或过去完成时时。

例如：He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他认为帮助汤姆不是他的责任。

I had thought that he would not come.我原以为他不回来呢。 2.

主句的谓语动词为过去进行时时。

例如： Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.玛丽在想那房间还不够热。

We were thinking they could not receive our demands.我们在想他们不可能接受我们的要求。

3、主句的谓语动词为现在完成时或现在完成进行时时。例如：

We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我们想我们不会再麻烦你了。

I have been thinking that the sky won’t fall down.我相信天不会塌下来。

4、当think用在疑问句中时，一般不要求否定转移。

Why do you think we can’t change your note 你为什么认为我们换不开你的钞票呢

Do you think my mother wouldn’t permit this 你认为我妈妈不会答应吗

5、当主句中的谓语动词与情态动词连用时，不属于否定转移。例如：

The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定认为我不适合这项工作。

You can’t think how glad I am to see you. 你无法想象我见到你是多么高兴。

6、当主句中的谓语动词与状语连用时，不属于否定转移现象。例如： I didn’t think that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。

I really think you needn’t worry about him.我真认为你没必要为他担心。

7、当主句中的谓语动词被加强语气的助动词do, does, did修饰时，否定不转移。例如：

I do think it is wise of her to say so.我确实认为她这么说是明智的. I do believe she doesn’t tell a lie. 我真的相信她没有撒谎。 8、当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly等否定词时，否定通常不转移。例如：

We all think that she is a person for nothing.我们都认为她是一个不中用的人。

I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信汤姆从来不撒谎。 9、当宾语从句中含有not at all, not a bit, not…enough, can’t help doing等一些固定词组时，否定不转移。例如：

I think she is not tired at all.我想她一点也不累。

I think I can’t help laughing if I see it.我想我看见它时会忍不住大笑。

3 英语中的否定转移○

英语中的否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词

后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。

I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语时，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何，就轻信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着迷。

但是属于下列情况的却不用进行否定转移 1.

主句的谓语动词为一般过去时或过去完成时时。

例如：He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他认为帮助汤姆不是他的责任。

I had thought that he would not come.我原以为他不回来呢。 2.

主句的谓语动词为过去进行时时。

例如： Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.玛丽在想那房间还不够热。

We were thinking they could not receive our demands.我们在想他们不可能接受我们的要求。

3、主句的谓语动词为现在完成时或现在完成进行时时。例如：

We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我们想我们不会再麻烦你了。

I have been thinking that the sky won’t fall down.我相信天不会塌下来。

4、当think用在疑问句中时，一般不要求否定转移。

Why do you think we can’t change your note 你为什么认为我们换不开你的钞票呢

Do you think my mother wouldn’t permit this 你认为我妈妈不会答应吗

5、当主句中的谓语动词与情态动词连用时，不属于否定转移。例如： The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定认为我不适合这项工作。

You can’t think how glad I am to see you. 你无法想象我见到你是多么高兴。

6、当主句中的谓语动词与状语连用时，不属于否定转移现象。例如： I didn’t think that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。

I really think you needn’t worry about him.我真认为你没必要为他担心。

7、当主句中的谓语动词被加强语气的助动词do, does, did修饰时，否定不转移。例如：

I do think it is wise of her to say so.我确实认为她这么说是明智的. I do believe she doesn’t tell a lie. 我真的相信她没有撒谎。 8、当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly等否定词时，否定通常不转移。例如：

We all think that she is a person for nothing.我们都认为她是一个不中用的人。

I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信汤姆从来不撒谎。 9、当宾语从句中含有not at all, not a bit, not…enough, can’t help doing等一些固定词组时，否定不转移。例如：

I think she is not tired at all.我想她一点也不累。

I think I can’t help laughing if I see it.我想我看见它时会忍不住大笑。

英语部分否定的七种表示方法

英语中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表示方法：

一、 all 的否定式：not all…(或：all…not)表示\"并非都……\"、\"不是所有的都……\"例如：

Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。

Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。 二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) \"并非两个……都……\" 例如：

I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。 三、 every…的否定式：\"不是每……都……\" 例如：

Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。

Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。 四、 always的否定式：\"并非总是(并非一直)……\" 例如： He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：\"不完全……\"，\"并非完全……\" 例如：

The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。 I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。

六、 all the time 的否定式：\"并非一直……\"、\"未必老是……\" 例如： A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。

七、 not…and…的否定式：被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如： He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。 This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。 如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。 He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如：

All of them can do None of them can do it.

Both are is good.

Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it. He is always late. --- He is never late.

We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all. He was here all the time. --- He was never here.