自制人教版八年级英语下册期中复习各知识点归纳总结

1. too much 太多 2. be in control of 掌管；管理

much too 太.... be out of control无法控制，无法管理 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧

7.take breaks /take a break 休息 8.without thinking twice 没多想

9.get off 下车 get on 上车 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院 11.wait for等待 12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的 13.thanks to多亏于；由于 14.in time及时

15.think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情 19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命 26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除

29.get out of 从...出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定 31.lie down 躺下 32.give up 放弃 33. right away=right now=at once立刻，马上 用法归纳

1.need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 3. help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 4.use sth to do sth用某物去做某事 5. keep on doing sth 继续做某事 6.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事

1

7.mind doing sth 介意做某事 9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 10. agree to do sth 同意做某事 11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 agree with sb 同意某人的观点 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 精细解读

1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ ——What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？

2. ①生病 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒

have a fever发烧 have a cough咳嗽

②身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼（注复数teeth） have a headache头疼 have a backache后背痛 ③sore throat咽喉痛 sore back背部疼痛 3.enough 有三种词性：形容词、副词、名词 ①形容词——“足够的，充足的”

如：enough food （足够的食物）；enough time （足够的时间） ②副词——“足够的，充足的”，一般要放在被修饰词之后。

如： He is old enough to go school（他够上学的年龄了），此时 enough 修饰形容词old 。

③名词——enough 做名词时一般是在句子里做主语或宾语，充当句子成份。 如： We have enough to do. （我们有足够的事要做）此时就是作宾语。 4.①lie 躺，躺着 lie down躺下 过去式lay； ②lie说谎 过去式lied

2

5.①maybe常用于句首，表示“或许”。Maybe you are right. 或许你是对的。 ②may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”。He may be angry. 6.need 需要

①实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

②need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.在课堂上你需要认真听讲。 ③need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：

Your dirty clothes need washing.你的脏衣服需要（被）洗。 7.trouble问题，麻烦

①be in trouble 陷入困境 ②make trouble 制造麻烦

③have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做某事有困难。 Eg.I have difficulties (in) learning English.我学英语有困难。 8.run out用完，用尽 ①sth. run out. 某物用尽了。

Eg.When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.当他的水耗尽，他知道他必须做一些事情来挽救自己的生命。 ②sb. run out of sth..人用尽了某物。

Eg.He run out of all his money last night.他昨晚把钱全花光了。

9.importance n. 重要（性） important adj.重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 ❤the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. 我们学生应该知道（学习）英语的重要性。 10. advice

①劝告，建议[不可数名词]

give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议

3

②advise [动词]

advise sb. to do sth. =advise sb. doing sth.建议某人做某事

11. ①be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态 His grandpa was used to country life.他的爷爷习惯了乡村生活。

②get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作： It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.一个人很难习惯另一个国家的习惯。

12.die vt死亡 dying现在分词 died过去式 ①His grandpa died two years ago .他的祖父两年前死的。 death n.死亡

②He was sentenced the Death.他被判处死刑。 dead adj.死亡的

③He is a dead man他是个死人 重点语法

【反身代词】英语有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself herself itself themselves 用在某些固定短语当中。 如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself摔伤自己

4

introduce oneself 介绍……自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学 say to oneself自言自语

leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 【提醒】

1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：（误）Myself can finish my homework.

(正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 我自己能完成作业。

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons.

(正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.我用我自己的蜡笔画画。

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean the city parks

短语归纳

1.clean up 打扫干净 2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 3.give out 分发 4. used to 曾经......；过去........ 5.give away 赠送；捐赠 6.set up 建立；设立 7.make a difference有作为 8.come up with 想出 9.put off 推迟 10.put up 张贴

11.call up 打电话给 12.help out 帮助.....摆脱困难 13.care for 照顾；照看 14.give up 放弃

5

15.try out for 参加选拔 16.come true 实现 try out试用，试验

17.run out of 用光 18.take after 与.....相像 18.fix up 修理 20.be similiar to 与......相似 21.a trained dog一只受过训练的狗 22.be worry about 为...担心 23.go on a journey去旅行 24.at the same time 同时 25.come ture 实现 26.at the age of...在...岁的时候 用法归纳

1.make plan to do sth 制定计划做某事

2.ask sb (not ) to do sth 要求某人（不要）做某事

3.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 4.decide to do sth 决定做某事 5.help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 6.make a difference to 对......产生影响 7.make it possible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的

8.give sth. out to sb. 把某物分发给某人 9.volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 10.care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 11.would like to do sth.想要做某事 12.be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情

13.try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事

14.be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人，某事 15.raise money for…为……筹钱

16.have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 17. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋

6

精细解读

1. ①alone 独自一人的，无感情色彩

②lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩 Eg.He live alone,but he don’t feel lonely. 2. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料……

care →【名词】小心，关心 take care of=look after 照顾

→【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事 →【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的

→【副词】carefully 仔细地 3. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 ①such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：

Eg.such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛 ②such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：

Eg.such important decisions多么重要的建议 such delicious food多么美味的食物 ③如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such： Eg.so many sick children/ so little time这么多生病的孩子/那么少的时间 4.satisfy v. 使满足 satisfaction n. 满足 be satisfied with 满足

5.keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物） keep+形容词，保持 6.make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能， Eg.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 7.excited 兴奋的（人） exciting令人兴奋/激动的（物） be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋

Eg.Everyone is excited about the exciting news.人人都为这个令人兴奋的消息感到兴

7

8.order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序follow the order。遵照命令。

【动词】订购；点（菜） 9.Change

【动词】变化，改变

Eg.It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 一个人很难改变自己的生活方式。 【名词】变化；零钱 change A for B用A换成B：

Eg.When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 当你在中国旅行时，记得把美元换成人民币。 10. repair 【动词】修理，修补；

fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 11.①have sth done 叫某人这件事 (某件事被做) Eg.I'll have my hair cut.我打算去理发. ②have sth doing . 使某物持续做某事

Eg.He has the machine working for a long time. 他让这台机器（连续）工作很长时间。 11. need doing=need to be done 需要被… (表被动)

如：My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修理了。 拓展链接

动词+副词 短语（名词可以放在中间和后面，代词只能放中间）

cheer up 使高兴起来 clean up 打扫干净 put up 张贴 mix up 修理 give away 赠送 give out 分发 give up 放 use up用光 get up 起床

8

hand in 上交 put off 推迟 pick up 捡起 think over仔细思考 turn down 关小音量 set up 建立 set off 出发 look out 小心 Eg.①give out apple分发苹果（名词） ②cheer him up 使他高兴起来（代词） 2.动词+介词 短语(后＋动词ing）

look after 照顾 belong to 属于 take after 与....相像

hear from 收到.....来信 hear of 听说 pay for 支付 wait for 等待 3.动词+副词+介词 短语(后＋动词ing）

get out of 避免 come up with 想出 catch up with 追上赶上 look forward to 期待盼望 go on with 继续 4.动词+名词 短语

have a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步 make mistakes 犯错

have a try 试一下 take place 发生 tell a lie 撒谎 make a decision 做决定 5.动词+名词+介词 短语

have a look at 看一看 make a friend with 与.....交朋友 pay attention to 注意 make fun of 取笑 6.Be+形容词+介词 短语

be late for 迟到 be angry with 生气 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长 be good for 对...有好处 be short of 缺乏 be similiar to 与......相似 be strict with 对......严格要求 be pound of 骄傲 自豪

决心学会有希望（ decide,learn,wish,hope）同意计划莫假装（agree,plan,pretend） 忘记拒绝会失望（forget,refuse,fail）准备设法来帮忙（prepare,try,manage,help） 提供请求负担起（offer,beg,afford）记得阻止理应当（remember stop,be supposed）

9

Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 短语归纳

1.do the dishes 洗餐具 2.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 3.at least 至少 4.throw down扔下 5.all the time 一直；反复 6.in surprise 惊讶地 7.as soon as 一......就...... 8.spend......on......在......花费（时间、金钱、精力） 9. in order to 为了 10.provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物 11.depend on 依赖；信赖 12.look after 照顾；照看 13.take care of 照顾 14.as a result 结果 15.fall ill 生病 16. fall asleep 入睡 用法归纳

1.finish doing sth 做完某事 2.spend......(in) doing sth 花费......做某事 3.mind doing sth 介意做某事 4.learn how to do sth 学习怎样做某事 5. invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 6.in order to do sth 为了做某事 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 7.get into =enter 进入

精细解读

1.——Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？ Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？ 肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I can’t

2.I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。 ①two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

Eg.How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.

10

②enough（形容词、副词）

Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others. 史密斯先生有足够的钱，但他不够仁慈去帮助别人。 3.take 的用法：

①拿；取 Please take some books to the classroom.请带些书到教室去。 ②吃；喝；服用Take this medicine three times a day.这药一天吃三次。

③乘（车；船等）They usually take the bus to work.他们通常乘公共汽车去上班。 ④花费（时间；金钱）It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.我每天花两个小时做作业。

4.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。 ①the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......”

Please write to me the minute you get there.你一到那里就写信给我。 ② in front of

in front of 指在物体外部的前面

There is a bike in front of the classroom.教室前面有一辆自行车。 in the front of 指在物体内部的前面

Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 我们的老师正站在教室的前面。 【记】 The driver sat in the front of the car. The policeman stood in front of the car. 司机坐在汽车的前部。站在汽车前面。 5.有the无the区别：

at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院

at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

6. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！ 【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......

11

7. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。 ⑴ neither两者都不

neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定 Eg.Neither Tom nor Jim is a student汤姆和吉姆都不是学生。 ⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主” —The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second. 8. find → found →found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很…… ◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难

Eg.She found it hard to finish the work by herself.她发现自己很难完成这项工作。 9.in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的 To my surprise，he got the first prize in the exam. 令我吃惊的是，他在考试中得了一等奖。

10. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.

“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。

【解析1】need v 需要

情况一：用于肯定句，是实义动词。

(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done ①Students need to have (have) a good rest in studying.

12

②The watch needs mending (mend). 情况二：用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词 (1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t — Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t 【解析2】share 分享；共用

share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物 All his friends share his happiness when he won the match. 他赢得比赛的时候，所有的朋友都分享了他的快乐。 11.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、 Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？ 【解析】borrow /lend/keep

(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】 borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物

You can borrow the book from the library.你可以从图书馆借这本书。 (2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人

He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.他不想把书借给别人。

(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】 【记】 I want to borrow a bike from my friend but he didn’t lend it to me, because Tom had kept it for two days.

我想向我的朋友借一辆自行车，但他没有借给我。因为汤姆已经保存了两天。 12.make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得

(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy

13

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 13. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。

【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱 waste v “浪费”

waste time/money on sth

waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱 Don’t waste water. Can’t you see the sign “save water”? 不要浪费水。难道你看不到“节约用水”的标志吗？

14.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.

为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。 (1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人

◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth ◆spend on= pay for 支付

Eg.He spends too much time on the computer games.他在电脑游戏上花了太多时间。 Eg.He spends too much time (in) playing computer games.他花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 (2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人

◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.我花10元买了这本书。 (3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 ◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money. (4)take→took → taken v 花费

◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.他花了3个小时做作业。

14

15. Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.

而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。 【解析】get older 长大

⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。

The days are getting longer and longer.日子越来越长了。

⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。 ⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿 16.provide v 提供

provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for)

=provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物

provide offer 为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给” 侧重表示“愿意给予” supply provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物 offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 17.It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的

18.keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事

Eg.He was in great pain but he kept on working 他痛苦极了，但仍在继续工作。 Eg.He kept on talking after the ball rang for class. 舞会结束后，他继续上课。 (2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事

Eg.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起，让你久等了。 Eg.My teacher kept me doing homework all the afternoon. 我的老师让我整个下午都在做作业。

15

19.develop independence 培养意识

develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的 a developing country 一个发展中国家China is a developing country. a developed country 一个发达国家

20. The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会，对他们的未来越好。

【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...... 越...... ”

The more you smile, the happier you will feel.你微笑越多，你就会越快乐。

拓展链接

① take短语

take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温 take medicine服药 take place发生 take photos/pictures 照像 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 ② 【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生

【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业 【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物 ③ come 短语：

come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出

come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于 come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点

16

come and go来来去去 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来come up上来 ④to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是

in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 ⑤ try on 试穿

try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】

try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 ⑥ask构成的短语：

短语 ask sb. to do sth ask sb. not to do sth ask sb for sth ask for help 含义 请某人做某事 不让某人做某事 向某人要某物 寻求帮助 ⑦ help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下 without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下 ⑧get相关的短语：

get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get well康复 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get a chance 有机会、得到机会 get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 、

17

Unit 4 why don’t you talk to your parents? 短语归纳

1.too much太多（修饰不可数名词） 2.hang out 闲逛 3.too many 太多（修饰可数名词复数） 4.get into a fight 争吵 5.call sb up 给某人打电话 6.talk about 谈论 7.look through 浏览 8.give back 归还 9.be angry with sb 生某人的气 10.a big deal 重要的事情

11.work out 解决；算出 12.get on with sb 与某人和睦相处 13.communicate with sb 与某人交流 14.be worried about 担心..... 15.be afraid of 害怕..... 16.in front of在...前面 17.not... any more 不再... 18.so much/many 那么多 19.compete with sb 与某人竞争 20.cut out删除；删去

21.all kinds of 各种各样 22.compare....with.....比较；对比 23.in one’s opinion 依...看 24.turn down 调小

25.be typical of 是……的特点 26.be crazy about 对……着迷 用法归纳

1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 2.why don’t you do sth?为什么不做某事呢？ 3.why not do sth ?为什么不做某事呢？

4.find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事（hear，watch, see, feel）

5.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 6.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 7.let sb do sth 让某人做某事 8.offer to do sth 主动提供做某事 9.not....until....直到....才... 10.it’s time to do sth 该做某事了 11.it +adj+to do sth 做某事是.....的 12.keep on doing sth 继续做某事 13.what do you think of...?你认为....怎么样？

18

14. offer to do sth 主动提出做某

15.get on with sb. 16.be friendly to sb.

=get along with和某人和睦相处 =be good to sb.=be nice to sb. 对某人友好 17.explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事 18.get on well/ badly with 相处得好/坏 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事

19.worry about 20.return ... to ...

= be worried about 为……担心 = give back to ... 把......还给...... 精细解读

1.Why don’t you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？ 用于提建议的句型有：

(1)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢？ (2)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样？

(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。 (4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？ (5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事 (6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？ (7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？ (8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？

2.I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep.

我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。

(1)too many + 可数复数名词 许多 too many students 太多学生 (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework 太多作业 (3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold太冷

(4) so conj. 因此 (表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用）

19

3.My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.

我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。 【拓展】allow v 允许

allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 My mother allows me to watch TV. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事

Eg.Dogs are not allowed to be taken on the bus.狗不允许被带上公共汽车。 3. I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night.

我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。 ❤until 直到......时

Eg.Please hold on to your dream until one day it comes true. 请坚持你的梦想，直到有一天它实现。 4.You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。

【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语） 【系动词】后跟adj. 作表语

一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静

二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化） 五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）

5. Yes, but I’m still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。

angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地

(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】 (2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气

20

6.Although she’s wrong, It’s not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。 although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。 【注】though / although 不能与but连用 Eg.Though he is rich,he is not happy.

=He is rich,but he is not happy.他很富有，但并不快乐。

7.work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。 ①计算出（答案、数量、价格等）

The math problem is too difficult for me to work out这道数学题太难了，我解不出来。 ②制定出（计划等）

I have worked out a new way of doing it.我制定出了一个新的办法。 ③解决；找出…的答案

The government has many problems to work out.有许多问题需要解决。 9. When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。 (1)argue v 争吵 →argument n 争论

①have an argument with sb.与某人辩论 ②argue with sb. 与某人争吵 ③argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵

④argue against 争辩；反对 Eg.He argued against the plan他反对这项计划。 (2) ①hang out 闲逛；常去某处

Eg.He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop. 他喜欢看书，经常在书店里看书。 ②hang on to 紧紧抓住

Eg.You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.你最好在人群中紧紧抓住我。 ③hang up 挂电话；悬挂 Eg.Mum hung up the phone 妈妈挂上了电话。

21

④hang over 挂在......之上； 悬浮在......之上

10. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.

相反，他一直盯着他想要的东西直到深夜。

(1)①instead ”代替”常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。

Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。 ② instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中 She wrote to him instead of calling him.

=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。 (2)whatever= no matter what 无论什么

Eg.whatever happens, I won’t change my mind.无论发生什么事，我都不会改变主意。 10.I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功。 successful adj.成功的 succeed v 成功,达到 successfully adv成功地 success n.成功 ◆succeed in doing sth 成功做某事

11.❤It’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。 Eg.It’s time for homework.该写作业了。 ❤It’s time to do sth

Eg.It’s time to go to school.是上学的时间了。 12.continue 继续；持续

continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事） ①Let’s continue reading the text. 让我们继续读课文。

②Many students hope to continue to study after finishing school. 许多学生希望在毕业后继续学习。

22

13.kind of +adj.有点，有几分 eg.kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种 14.And they are always comparing them with other children.

她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。 ①compare A with B 将A和B 比较 ②compare…to… 把…..比做……

15.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.

医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。

①be good for 对….有益处（反） be bad for对…有害处 ②be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事 ③be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好

Eg.The boy is good ______me .He is good ______English , and he tells me oral practice is good ______improving spoken English.

16. ①若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy ,difficult, hard ,important等，须用介词for

It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.

Eg.It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说很重要。 ② 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good ,kind ,nice, wrong等，用介词of Eg.It’s very nice of you to help me a lot.你帮了我大忙，真是太好了。 17. keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上 keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开

18.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。 【解析】press v 按；压 →pressure压力

⑴不可数名词 （物理学）压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压

23

⑵不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下 (3)可数名词 单纯指物理压力 重点语法

1. 情态动词should与could的用法 ①should的用法

should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldn’t。

Maybe she should say sorry to you. 也许她应该跟你说声对不起。 ②could的用法

情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldn’t。

My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty. 我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。

You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。 2.状语从句

状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

(1)until引导的时间状语从句

①until强调“一直到……为止” 表示动作、状态的持续

The young man read till the light went out. 年轻人看书直到灯光熄灭。 Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。

② not … until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。 Don’t get off until the bus stops. 直到公共汽车停下来才下车。

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

24

(2)so that引导的目的状语从句

so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。

Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 让我记下你的号码，为的是以后好打电话给你。 (3).although引导的状语从句

although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 ① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。 ② Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已，却赢得了头等奖。

拓展链接

①cut短语

cut out 删除；删去 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应 ②send短语

send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物

Unit5 what were you doing when the rainstorm came? 短语归纳

1.wait for 等待 2.look for 寻找 3.go off (闹铃）发出声音 4.take a shower 洗澡 5.pick up 接电话；捡起 6.make sure 确信；务必 7.have fun 玩的开心 8.fall asleep入睡；睡觉 9.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 10.wake up 醒来；叫醒

11.in a mess 乱七八糟 12.take photos 照相

25

13.turn on 打开 14.in silence 沉默地；无声地 15.take down摧毁；拆卸；记下 16.tell the truth 说实话 17.point out 指出 18.go away 消失

19.as well 也 20.at the time of 在...... 的时候

21.at first=at the beginning开始 22. make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上 23.in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默 用法归纳

1.be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 忙于（做）某事 2.see sb /sth doing sth 看见某人或某物正在做某事 3.begin/start to do sth 开始做某事 4.try to do sth 努力去做某事

5.have trouble（in）doing sth做某事有困难

6.eel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事 精细解读

1.What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么？ 【解析1】过去进行时 ⑴ 用法：

①过去某个时间正在发生的动作

He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。 ②过去某段时间正在发生的动作

I was staying here from March to May last year.去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。

26

⑵ 与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有

at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday/ 或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示 ⑶ 过去进行时的构成：was\\were +现在分词 ⑷ 过去进行时的四个基本句型

肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night? 两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night? ⑸ 过去进行时的固定句型

①Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。 ②Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。

③Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 ⑹请比较

He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）

He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)

2.①heavily adv 在很大程度上；沉重地 heavy heavily adj. 沉重的 adv 沉重地 How heavy are you? The army lost heavily

形容风大的时候常用strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard

27

②heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有：

3.I called at seven and you didn’t pick up. 我七点钟给你打电话，你没有接。 pick up （开车）接某人 捡起；拾起 接电话 Tom, I called you, but you didn’t pick up 汤姆，我打电话给你，但是你没有接 I pick up a wallet on my way home 我在回家的路上捡到一个钱包 I will pick you up at the station 我会在车站接你。 学到；获得 He was picking up the skills quickly. 他很快就掌握了技能。 4.That’s strange. 真奇怪

strange adj. 奇怪的 →strangely adv奇怪地 →stranger n 陌生人 be strange to 对……感到陌生 strange 奇怪的 It’s strange that she came to the party. 她来参加晚会真奇怪。 陌生的 He stands in a stranger street. 他站在一条陌生的街道上。 5.With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮， 让人感觉这是在午夜。 with + n +adv ，在句中做伴随状语

with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open她可以看到窗外黑暗的星星

28

hungry happy angry lucky 饥饿的 快乐的 生气的 幸运的 hungrily happily angrily luckily 6.also /too/as well/ either

(1) also 也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 (2) too 也， 用于肯定句句末 (3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末 6.make sure确信； 确保 ①make sure to do sth

Eg.Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave离开时请务必关掉电脑。 ②make sure of

Eg.Do you know the time of the train? You’d better make sure of it. 你知道火车的时间吗？你最好确定一下。 7.区分 be asleep fall asleep 强调睡着的状态 强调入睡的动作 The baby is asleep婴儿睡着了。 My father was so tired that he fell asleep quickly我父亲太累了，很快就睡着了。 8.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

【拓展】die down与die out的用法区别： 指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。

①die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程； 反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。 ②die out则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及die down用的普遍。

指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。

This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。

29

9.rise 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起

rise raise 升起；上升 举起；提高 主语自身移向较高位置 主语发出的动作作用于其他事物 Price rose gradually价格逐渐上涨 Let’s raise our glasses to Tom. 让我们举杯给汤姆。 10.They joined the neighbors to help clean up the neigh hood together. 他们加入到邻居们中，一起打扫社区。

(1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。

join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 加入俱乐部 ◆ join in 后接活动名称 join in a meeting参加会议 ◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中

(2) take part in 参加 ，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。 11.get/ reach/ arrive

get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点

12.(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性

a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上

What happened to you?=What was wrong with him? b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 (2) take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生 The sports meeting took place in our school last week. (3) It happened that…碰巧 13.realize v 意识到

⑴ realize + n she didn’t realize her mistake.

⑵ realize +从句 I didn’t realize that you were so unhappy. 14.the rest of … “其余的，剩下的”

30

做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致。 The rest of meat goes bad. 剩下的肉变坏了。

The rest of workers are still working hard.其余的工人仍在努力工作。 15.remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区别。 ⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做） Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. 当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。

⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）

I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得离开房间时关灯了。 16.be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃惊

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的（事） →surprised adj. 吃惊的（人） to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地

be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 17.hear的用法

(1)hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。 ①hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事； ②hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事

Eg.We can often hear some children play on the playground. 我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上玩耍。

Eg.I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back. 当我回来时，我听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱一支英文歌。 (2)hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。 ①hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，后面接词或短语。 I have heard about/of the story before. 我以前就听说过这个故事。

31

②hear from意为“收到.......的来信；有.......的消息”，=get/receive a letter from. I haven’t heard from my mother for months.我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。 18.trouble n 困难； 苦恼； 忧虑

⑴in trouble 处于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境 ⑵What's the trouble with you ? = What’s the matter with you ? = Wha’t wrong with you ?你怎么啦？ ⑶have trouble （in）doing sth 做某事有麻烦

◆have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth 做某事有问题/困难/乐趣

拓展链接

①go短语

go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 ，离开 go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步

32