元音音素和辅音音素2

元音音素和辅音音素：

单元音（12个）：

长元音：[i:][ɑ:][ɜ:][u:][ɔ:]

短元音：[ɪ][e][æ][^][ə][ʊ][ɒ]

双元音（8个）：[aɪ][eɪ][ɪə][əʊ][ʊə][aʊ][eə][ɔɪ]

清辅音（11个）：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][ts][tʃ][tr][h]

浊辅音（15个）：[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dz][dʒ][dr][l][r][m][n][ŋ]

半元音（2个）：[w][j]

国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系

—从音标到字母和字母组合

单元音：

[i:]: ⑴ e: he she me we

⑵ ea: tea eat meat

⑶ ee: see tree see

⑷ ei: receive

⑸ ey: key

⑹ i: police policeman policewoman machine

⑺ eo: people

⑻ ie: piece field believe thief

[ɪ]: ⑴ a: orange cabbage

⑵ ay: Sunday holiday

⑶ e: begin English pretty cinema

⑷ ey: monkey

⑸ i: it is in big

⑹ y: city very sorry

⑺ u: busy

⑻ ui: build building

⑼ ai: captain

[e]: ⑴ a: any many anyone

⑵ ai: said

⑶ ay: says

⑷ e: pen bed yes egg desk

⑸ ea: bread head breakfast

⑹ u: bury

[æ]: a: bag am and at sad

[ɑ:]: ⑴ a: class banana father after

⑵ al: half palm

⑶ ar: car far park arm star

⑷ au: aunt laugh

⑸ ear: heart

[^]: ⑴ o: come none love other

⑵ oo: blood flood

⑶ ou: touch country enough young

⑷ u: bus sun but cut up us

[ə:]: ⑴ ear: learn earth early heard

⑵ er: her term

⑶ ir: first girl bird skirt sir third

⑷ or: work word world

⑸ ur: nurse turn hurt Thursday

⑹ yr: myrtle

⑺ our: journalist journal

[ə]: ⑴ a:along about banana Canana China

⑵ e:student open children different

⑶ i:holiday April

⑷ o:today welcome police

⑸ u:minus autumn

⑹ er:father mother brother sister

⑺ or:doctor forget mirror

⑻ ar:sugar

⑼ re:metre tired fire

⑽ ou:delicious previous

⑾ ur:surprise Saturday

⑿ our:colour

⒀ ure:picture pleasure

⒁ oar:cupboard

⒂ yr:martyr satyr

[u:]: ⑴ ew: flew grew review Jew

⑵ o: do to who

⑶ oo: too zoo food pool boot school

⑷ ou: soup group through

⑸ u: blue glue June

⑹ ui: fruit juice

⑺ oe: shoe

[u]: ⑴ o: woman wolf

⑵ oo: book look good foot

⑶ oul: could would should

⑷ u: put sugar full push

[ɔ]: ⑴([w])a: want wash watch what

⑵o: hot on not sorry

⑶ou: cough

⑷au: Australia

[ɔ:]: ⑴(w)a: water

⑵al: all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall

⑶([w])ar: warm quarter

⑷au: August autumn daughter

⑸aw: draw saw law

⑹oor: door floor

⑺ore: more before

⑻or: or for short sport

⑼ou: bought brought thought

⑽our: four your

⑾awe: awe awed aweless

⑿oar: board blackboard cardboard

⒀o: story

双元音：

[aɪ]: ⑴i: time like nice fine five

⑵y: my by why

⑶i(g): sign high light right

⑷ie: die lie tie

[eɪ]: ⑴a:name cake game face

⑵ai:rain train wait

⑶ay: day may okay play today

⑷ei: veil vein

⑸ei(gh): eight eighteen eighty

⑹ey: they

⑺ea: great break

[ɪə]: ⑴e: zero cereal serious

⑵ea: real really idea cereal

⑶ere: here

⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear

⑸eer: beer deer pioneer

[əʊ]: ⑴o: go no nose home

⑵ow: show know yellow window

⑶oa: goat boat

⑷ou: shoulder though

⑸oe: woe

[ʊə]: ⑴ure:sure

⑵oor:poor

⑶our:tour

[aʊ]: ⑴ ou: out about house blouse

⑵ ow: how now cow

[eə]: ⑴ air: air hair chair

⑵ are: care hare parent

⑶ ear: pear wear bear

⑷ere: there where

⑸eir: their theirs

⑹a: Mary

[ɔɪ]: ⑴ oi: oil toilet boil soil

⑵ oy: boy toy employee

辅音：

清辅成对辅音：

[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [ʃ]-[ ʒ] [ts]-[dz] [tʃ]-[ dʒ] [tr]-[dr]

清音浊化：清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sport[spɔ:t]，student[‘stju:dənt]， sky[skaɪ], street[stri:t]。

但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读清辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostess[‘hʊəstɪs]。

[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper

⑵pp:apple happy appear

[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue

⑵bb:rabbit cabbage

[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table

⑵tt:bottle bottom little pretty

⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced

[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog

⑵dd:add daddy middle

⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried

[k]:⑴c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc

⑵cc: occasion according occupy acclaim

⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach

⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look

⑸ck:black duck clock jacket cock

⑹q:Iraq coq

⑺que:unique technique

[g]:⑴g:go girl big get

⑵gg:egg bigger biggest

⑶gu:guess

⑷gue:dialogue

⑸gh:ghyll ghost

[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen

⑵ph:photo phone elephant photograph

⑶gh:laugh enough

⑷ff:off coffee

[v]:⑴v:very five have

⑵f:of

[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle

⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books

⑶ss:miss class glass grass

⑷sc:science scene

⑸ps:psalm psywar

[z]:⑴s:is his please music lose husband apples

⑵es:leaves thieves knives wives

⑶z:zoo zero

⑷zz:buzz

[θ]:th:three thank month thin

[ð]:⑴th:this the with than

⑵the:breathe soythe

[ʃ]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash

⑵s:sure Asia

⑶c: special sufficient delicious

⑷t:station national patient

⑸ss:Russia profession

⑹ch:machine

[ʒ]:⑴s:usually television pleasure

⑵z:seizure

⑶ge:garage

[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats

⑵t’s:Let’s

⑶tes:kites gates dates

⑷zz:pizza

[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends

⑵des:decides

[tʃ]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China

⑵tch:watch

⑶t: picture question

[dʒ]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange

⑵g:gentle gentleman general

⑶dge:bridge porridge judge

⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim

⑸ch:sandwich

[tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth

[dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children

单个辅音：

[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair

⑵(w)h:who whom whose

[l]:⑴l:let look please lake people

⑵ll:tell full till bell

⑶(t)l(e):whistle

[r]:⑴r:red right three

⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot

⑶(w)r:write wrong

[m]:⑴m:man meat meet time

⑵mm:common communicate

⑶m(b):climb lamb

⑷m(n):autumn

[n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under

⑵(k)n:know knife

⑶nn:Ann

⑷(m)n:mnemonics

[ŋ]:⑴ng:sing long young morning

⑵n(k):thank think ink pink

⑶n(g):English

[w]:⑴w:we window work walk

⑵w(h):what why where white

[j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow

⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap

⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behaviour

⑷e:Europe

国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系

—从字母和字母组合到音标

Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音

a在重读开音节中读[eɪ]：name cake game face a在重读闭音节中读[æ]：bag am and at sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]：class fast grasp ask father after dance graph

a在[w]后读[ɔ]或[ɔ:]：want what water[wɔ:tə]

a在ny前读[e]：any many

a弱读时读[ə]：along about banana Canana China

a在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：orange cabbage

a读[eə]：Mary

ai读[eɪ]：rain train wait

ai读[ɪ]：captain

ai读[e]：said

ay读[eɪ]：day may okay play today

ay弱读读[ɪ]：Sunday holiday

ay读[e]：says

air读[eə]：air hair chair

al在多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:]（f,m除外）：all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall

al还读[ɔ:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also salt

al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：half palm

ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:car far park arm star

ar在[w]后读[ɔ:]：warm quarter

ar弱读读[ə]：sugar

are读[eə]：care hare parent

ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：class glass grass pass

au在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：August autumn daughter

au读[ɔ]：Australia

au还读作[ɑ:]：aunt laugh

aw在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：draw saw law

awe读[ɔ:]：awe awed aweless

Ⅱ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音

e在重读开音节中读[i:]：he she me we

e在重读闭音节中读[e]：pen bed yes egg desk

e在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：begin English pretty cinema

e弱读读[ə]：student open children different

e读[ɪə]：zero cereal serious

e读[j]：Europe

ea在重读音节中读[i:]：tea eat meat

ea读[e]：bread head breakfast

ea读[eɪ]：great break

ea读[ɪə]：real really idea cereal

ear读[ɜ:]：learn earth early heard

ear读[eə]：pear wear bear

ear读[ɪə]：ear dear hear near clear

ear读[ɑ:]：heart

ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watched washed cooked helped danced

ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried

ed在[t][d]后读[ɪd]：wanted needed

ee在重读音节中读[i:]：see tree see

eer读[ɪə]：beer deer pioneer

ei读[i:]：receive

ei读[eɪ]：veil vein

ei在gh前读[eɪ]：eight eighteen eighty

eir读[eə]：their theirs

eo读[i:]：people

er在重读闭音节中读[ɜ:]：her term

er在非重读音节中读[ə]：father mother brother sister

ere读[ɪə]：here

ere读[eə]：there where

es在浊辅音（[ʃ][ʒ][ dʒ]除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leaves thieves knives wives

potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories

es在[s][z][ʃ][ʒ][tʃ][dʒ]后读[ɪz]：buses blouses dishes garages watches

oranges

ew读[ju:]：new newspaper review

ew在l,r,j后读[u:]：flew grew Jew

ex读[eks]：exercise exit

ex读[ɪks]：excle expensive extinct

ex读[ɪgz]：exam examination exactly

ey读[i:]：key

ey读[ɪ]：monkey valley

ey读[eɪ]：they

Ⅲ. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音

i在重读开音节中读[aɪ]：time like rice

i在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]：big six sit

i读[i:]：police policeman policewoman machine

i弱读读[ə]：holiday April

i在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：taxi

i读[j]：onion review million billion brilliant behaviour

i在元音字母a,e,o前读[aɪ]：dialogue quiet pioneer

i在g前读[aɪ]：sign high light right

i在nd前读[aɪ]：find behind

i在ld前读[aɪ]：child

i在re前读[aɪ]：fire tired retire ie母前读[i:]：piece field believe thief

ie在重读音节词词尾读[aɪ]：lie die

ir在重读音节中读[ɜ:]：bird girl first

Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音

在重读音节中辅音字

o在重读开音节中读[əʊ]：go no nose home

o在辅音字母st,ld前读[əʊ]：post old

o在重读闭音节中读[ɒ]：hot on not sorry

o读[ɔ:]：story

o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]：come none love other

o读[u:]：do to who

o在w后读[ʊ]：woman wolf

o在非重读音节中读[ə]：today policeman

oa在重读音节中读[əʊ]：boat coat

oar读[ɔ:]：board blackboard cardboard

oar读[ə]：cupboard

oe读[əʊ]：woe

oe读[u:]：shoe

oi读[ɔɪ]：oil toilet boil soil

oo一般读[u:]：too zoo food pool boot school

oo在d,k和少数t前读[ʊ]：book look good foot

oo读[^]：blood flood

oor读[ɔ:]：door floor

oor读[ʊə]：poor

or在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：or for short sport

or在[w]后读[ɜ:]：work word world

or读[ə]：doctor forget mirror

ore读[ɔ:]：more before

ou在多数情况下读[aʊ]：out about house blouse

ou在ght前读[ɔ:]：bought brought thought

ou读[^]：touch country enough young

ou读[u:]：soup group through

ou读[əʊ]：shoulder though

ou读[ɒ]：cough

ou读[ə]：delicious previous

oul读[ʊ]：could would should

our读[ɔ:]：four your

our读[ɜ:]：journalist journal

our读[ə]：colour

our读[ʊə]：tour

our读[aʊə]：our hour

ow读[aʊ]：how now cow

ow读[əʊ]：show know yellow window

owe或ower读[aʊə]：towel flower

oy读[ɔɪ]：boy toy employee

Ⅴ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音

u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：student Tuesday

u在重读闭音节中读[^]：bus sun but cut up us

u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：June fluency February Sue

u在重读闭音节中还读[ʊ]：put sugar full push

u在非重读音节中读[ə]：minus autumn

u读[ɪ]：busy minute

u读[e]：bury

ui读[ju:]或[jʊɪ,ju: ɪ]：suit suicide

l,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[ʊɪ,u: ɪ]：sluise fruit juice fluid ruin

ui读[ɪ]：build building

ur在重读音节中读[ɜ:]：nurse turn hurt Thursday

ur读[ə]：surprise Saturday

ure读[ʊə]：sure

ure在非重读音节中读[ə]：picture pleasure

ure在重读音节中读[jʊə]：cure

Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音

b读[b]：bag by bed boy bus blue

bt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt climb comb

bb读[b]：rabbit cabbage

c在字母e,i,y前读[s]：nice city cycle

c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]：cat come cut clock cry picture bloc

c+ia,ie,io时，c读[ʃ]：special sufficient delicious

cc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]：occasion according occupy acclaim

cc+e,i时，cc读[ks]：accept accident

ch读[tʃ]：chair much lunch China

ch读[k]：school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach

ch读[ʃ]：machine

ch读[dʒ]：sandwich

ck读[k]：black duck clock jacket cock

d读[d]：desk door day dog

dd读[d]：add daddy middle

dge读[dʒ]：bridge porridge judge

dr读[dr]：dress drive hundred children

ds读[dz]：beds birds hands friends

des读[dz]：decides

f读[f]：five fish fine family fifteen

f读[v]：of

ff读[f]：off coffee

ften读[fən]：often

g读[g]：go girl big get

g在e前读[dʒ]：age page huge orange

g读[dʒ]：gentle gentleman general

gg读[g]：egg bigger biggest

ge读[ʒ]：garage

gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：right eight straight bought daughter

gh读[f]：laugh enough

gh在词首时，读[g]：ghyll ghost

gn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign phlegm

gu在词首读[g]：guess

gu在词中读[gw]：language

gue在词尾读[g]：dialogue

h读[h]：he her have hand head hair

h不发音：hour

wh读[w]：what why where white

wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose

gh在词首时，h不发音：ghyll ghost

j读[dʒ]：jump jacket just June Jim

j读[j]：Jensen ja hallelujah jaap

k读[k]：book bike cake kite Kate look

kn在词首时，k不发音：know knife

l读[l]：let look please lake people

ll读[l]：tell full till bell

m读[m]：man meat meet time

mb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声：climb comb

mm读[m]：common mn在词首读[n]：mnemonics

mn在词中时，读[mn]：columnist

mn在词尾时，n常无声：autumn column

n读[n]：name nice nine near under

n在[k][g]前读[ŋ]：pink English

n在k后读[n]：know knife

n在m后读[n]：mnemonics

nn读[n]：Ann

ng在词尾读[ŋ]：sing long young morning

ng在词中读[ŋg]：English finger

nk读[ŋk]：thank think ink pink

p读[p]：pen map help cheap pencil paper

pp读[p]：apple happy appear

ph读[f]：photo phone elephant photograph

ps在词首时，p常不发音：psalm psywar

q读[k]：Iraq coq

qu在词首读[kw]：queen quick

que在词尾读[k]：unique technique

r读[r]：red right three

rr读[r]：sorry worry hurry carry carrot

wr读[r]：write wrong

s在词首读[s]：sit six some

s在清辅音后读[s]：books likes

s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]：apples windows

s读[z]（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：his is please music

元音字母+s+无音e：①n.,adj.读[s]：base use

②v.读[z]：lose use

词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时，s读[z]：desk husband

s读[ʃ]：sure Asia

s读[ʒ]：usually television pleasure

sion读[ʒən]：television decision

sten读[sən]：listen

stle读[stl]：whistle

sure读[ʒə]：pleasure

sc+i,e,y读[s]：science scene scythe

sc+a,o,u读[sk]：scarf score scud

ss读[s]：miss class glass grass

ss读[ʃ]：Russia profession

ssion读[ʃən]：expression

sh读[ʃ]：she shoe short shop wash

t读[t]：ten time not get table

t读[tʃ]:picture question

tch读[tʃ]:watch

t+ia,ie时，t读[ʃ]：martial patient

sten,ften,stle中，t无声：listen often whistle

tes读[ts]：kites gates dates

tt读[t]：bottle bottom little pretty

tion读[ʃən]：station national patient

[s]+tion时读[tʃən]：question

th读[θ]：three thank month thin

th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[ð]：this the with than

词尾the读[ð]：breathe soythe

词尾ther读[ðə]：father mother brother sister

tr读[tr]：tree trip try true truth

ts读[ts]：shirts hurts coats costs goats

t’s读[ts]：Let’s

ture读[tʃə]：picture w读[w]：we window work walk

w不发音：two

wh读[w]：what why where white

wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose

wr在词首读[r]，w无声：write wrong

x读[ks]：box six excuse next

x读[gz]：exam exact example

读[v]：very five have

v

y在重读开音节中读[aɪ]：my by why

y在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]：city very sorry

y在词首读[j]：yes you year yellow

yr读[ɜ:]：myrtle

yr读[aɪə]：martyr satyr

yre读[ə]：tyre byre

z读[z]：zoo zero

z读[ʒ]：seizure

zz读[z]：buzz

zz读[ts]：pizza