1995-2016专八改错题及答案

1. in → over

2. ∧give→ that /which

3. differs→ differentiates或it→it 4. the→the

5. same→common 6. ∧intimate→and 7. it →which 8. than→than 9. base→preserve 10. furthermore→therefore

2005年3月21日专业八级考试改错

When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show

on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1. ______

rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”

was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ______ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ______

started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? My

friend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ______ expression that I had not got the word quite right.

Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly

means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ______ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ______ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have

asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8. ______

aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9______ .

speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.

So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. ______ 1.looked改成looking 2.she后面加had 3.去掉第二个a 4.去掉it 5.polite改成politely 6.which改成that 7.specially改成especially 8.this改成it

9.continually改成often 10.mend改成narrow

2014改错

There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.

There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______

l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______

more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language?

l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______ acquisition of additional languages?

l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages?

From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______

the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring

of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional

language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______

focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are

involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the

classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______ 1. 把of去掉。

2. 把possessed 改成 attracted， 3. 把a改成 the

4. 在 facts 和adults之间加个that， 5. 把第二个the 去掉。 6. 把第二个of 改成in

7. 把attempts改成attempt 8. 把or 改成 and 9. what改成 how

10. 把touche改成touches

2013 专八短文改错试题．

Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,

production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) _____ listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.

One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ______

Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______ you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional

circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______ involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;

if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6) ______ their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if (7) ______

we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet

anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8) ______ of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances”

reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) ______ listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes

were normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful (10) ______ experiments to get at what is happening. 1. production改成producing 2. 去掉the

3. 去掉accurately前面的so 4. looking改为look 5. we前面加that 6. 去掉colleague后面的has 7. their改成his

8. anyone改成 pure老师someone 9. evolved改成involved 10. were改成are

2012

Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______

century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers

favored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that

the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______

was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______ literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.

The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with

each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____ 参：

1．going∧ since－加入on 题解：go on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。 2．certain－改为a certain题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法”，第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定冠词。 3．rather－改为not

题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather应改为not。 4．is －改为was

题解：此句应该为过去时。 5．in －改为 at

题解：at the turn of 19th century“十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。 6．the －删去第二个the

题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。 7．view∧translation－加入that

题解：在view和translation之间加上that，可将“translation was impossible”看成view的同位语。

8．was－删去was

题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。 9．culminated∧the－加入in

题解：culminate in是“以......告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。 10．and －改为but

题解：根据原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应该是转折关系。

2011年专八真题改错部分

From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________

seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so

with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________ soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________ I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________ on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed

disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and

holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________ the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________ being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words

and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________ a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________ in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________ intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. 1， 在grow后加up, 考固定短语

2， 改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”

3， 改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语

4， 在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中的那位 5， 改disagreeing 为disagreeable ，disagreeing只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯

6， 改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区别 imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的” 7， 改literal 为literary , 考词义区别， literal翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方面的” 8， 去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法 9， 在world后加in或者改which为where, 考定语从句 10， 改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness, 考语境。

2010年专八真题改错部分

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally

complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,

every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1________________ the things their speakers want to say. 2________________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3________________ peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or

psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_____________ fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about

snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5______________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and

subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6______________ in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is

simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7____________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________ for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which

Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_____________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture

or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________ 2010年专八真题改错参以及分词 1 be后插入 as; as„as引导的比较级 2 their改为its; its代替every language

3 There改为It; It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 4 Whereas改为But ； 语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比 5 further 改为much further不能修饰比较级

6 come改为bring; (sth)come to light , bring sth to light

bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷 7 similar改为different; 根据语境应该用different 8 will改为would; 虚拟语气 9 as important去掉as;

10 the part去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语

09专八改错原题

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)___________ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,

learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the (2)___________ little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even (3)____________ grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and

transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With (4)_____________ the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)___________

on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes (6)_____________ between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been

currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it (7)__________ has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed (8)___________ along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and

the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, (9)____________ to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____________ 答案分析：

(1) the further difference改为a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指） (2) 改when 为until, 结构not...until翻译为“直到„„才”

(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致） (4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段 (5)therefore改为however （根据上下文逻辑关系）

(6) in the general去掉the （习惯用法in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词） (7) currently 改为current （这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词） (8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一致） (9) live 改为 alive alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语

(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说

2008年专八真题 短文改错

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent ____1____ part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate ____2____ a given language to show that they are distinctive from another ____3____ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States ____4____ split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that

independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a ____5____ different language from those of Britain. There was even one ____6____ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would

certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English ____7____ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone ____8____ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory

solution of carrying with the same language as before. ____9____ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world ____10____ that political independence and national identity can be complete

without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language. 2008

1. in result 改成in consequence，

2 moves改成movements.

3 distinctive改成distinct或different 4 在time后加when 5 accepted 改成realized 6 those改成that 7 删除on, 8 At 改成In

9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with 10 now改成 ago

07专八真题 短文改错

From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1__________ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2__________ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3_________ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4__________ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of

a language with a large proportion of such cries 5__________ than we find in English. It is true that the absence

of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6__________ other grounds too the theory is not very attractive. People of all races and languages make rather similar

noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7___________ such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen

and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,

serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8___________ between these noises and language proper. We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement

are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9____________ whereas language proper does not consist of signs

but of these that have to be learnt and that are 10___________ wholly conventional

1, 改and为or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or

2, 改show为showing, 现在分词作定语 3， 删除the, 表示泛指

4， 改and为but, 根据语境此处是转折

5，改 large为larger, 后面有than, 应该用比较级 6， 改in为on, on other grounds “ 基于其它理由”，为固定搭配 7，改return为response , in response to “对„„作出反应”

8，删除on, emphasize sth emphasize是及物动词

9，在large前加a, extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。 \"to a large extent\"翻译为“在很大程度上”

10，改 these为 those those that/who为固定形式

2006专八短文改错

We use language primarily as a means of communication with

other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we

live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_______ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2_______ message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_______ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4_______ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active- ly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows

old as a result of education and experience. 6_________ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unless

he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_________ member of his linguistic community; he bas to give the system a

concrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8____________ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our

vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9_____________ among most striking of human achievements. 10____________ 1, 改agreeing为agreed agreed conventions翻译为“习俗” 2，words前加the, 此处为特指

3，改in为at at one‟s disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”

4， 改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules保持一致

5，删除the, 此处需要泛指

6，改 old为older, 此处需要比较级

7， 改seen为understood，system应该是被理解 8．， 删除it take sth for granted take it for granted that„ 9, 改 or为and ,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系 10， most前加the, 形容词最高级中that一般不能省略

2005年专八真题短文改错

The University as Busines

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,

very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because

of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 ________ stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes

its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 _________ outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 ___________ business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4__________ increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being

in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 __________ graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects, 6 ___________ the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education, in order to make oneself more marketable.

The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 ___________ include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students

a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 _________ Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as

customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 ___________ rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely

of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 ____________ customer

1. investing应改为invested，过去分词作定语 2. 在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。

3. 把those改为that， that此处代替outlook

4．在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.

5．把定冠词the去掉, in school表示上学这个抽象意义

6．把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关系，表示“越„„越„„” 7．在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。 8．这里应该用动词的—lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。

9．将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。

10．将to give discounts on改为to give discounts to their best customer。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。 Give discounts to sb为固定短语

2004

1.,在set 后加up, set up“建立、成立”是固定短语 2.答案：consisted → consisting/composed 3.答案：in → on

【详细解答】固定搭配on ...occasions 4.答案 rely后加on

【详细解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something

5.答案：make out → make 【详细解答】make out 意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对...做详细的研究”，故用“make detailed studies of...” 即可。 6.答案：its → their

【详细解答】此处指代的是“investigations”, 故用复数。 7.答案： public → the public

【详细解答】the +adj. 可表示某一类人，此处意思是“面向公众”，故应用“the public”。 8.答案：nevertheless → therefore/ thus

【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为therefore 或thus。

9.答案：interests → interest

【详细解答】 此处看成不可数名词为佳 10.答案：these → those

【详细解答】those 指代witnesses , 即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而these不行

2003改错

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar

period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought

the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2)__ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large

families that went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From

the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__ and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. (5)__

Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who (6)__ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to

a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the

temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)__ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned 1. 答案： height→high， high 作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reach an all-time high 2． 答案：删除a

【详细解答】 此处steady decline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。

3． 答案：went后加on

【详细解答】 go on为固定搭配，意为“持续”。 4． 答案：high→higher

【详细解答】 后面有than，此处应为比较级。 5． 答案：Europe→European

【详细解答】 根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。 6． 答案： more

【详细解答】 由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。 7． 答案：nevertheless→also 【详细解答】 由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。 8． 答案： that→those

【详细解答】 由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。

9． 答案： Since→Although（或While）

【详细解答】 从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。 10． 答案：in→to 【详细解答】 to．．．extent为固定搭配，意为“到„„程度”

2002改错

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that

pronunciation is learnt„naturally‟ and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1._____ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain

throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds 2______ like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when 3______

we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, 4_______ whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. 5_____ We begin the „natural‟ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6.___ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us

for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7.___ learning even our difficult English spelling. This is „natural‟, 8.___ therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;

after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9.___

and giving a sense of'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a „stranger‟,someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10

2001

1.

答案： as→so

此处不是比较，so 翻译为“如此” 2.答案：increasing→increasingly

【详细解答】 increasing可用来修饰名词，表示“正在增加”，修饰名词topic不合题意。本 句中应该用副词作状语修饰形容词favorite，所以应该改用副词increasingly。 3.答案：so→but

【详细解答】根据上下文判断，小麦价格在秋天不断下降，但是农民不能等着市场提升价格。 这里应该是转折关系，而不是因果关系。 4.答案：soon或shortly

【详细解答】要表达“不久以后”，要么用soon after，要么用shortly after，就是没有soo n shortly after这种搭配。 5.答案：rich→richer

【详细解答】根据上下文，这里是说由于价格上涨，投机商们变得更加富有，故应该改用形容 词的比较级形式。 6.答案：asked后加for

【详细解答】ask for为固定搭配，意为“要求，请求”。 7.答案：involving→involved

【详细解答】be involved in为一固定搭配，意为“被卷入„”，这里的be为连系动词，可用 become替换。 8.答案：1ife→living

【详细解答】根据上下文，这里要表达的意思是“生活费用”，应为living costs。life则意 为“生命”，不能修饰costs 9.答案：删除with

【详细解答】handle为及物动词，应直接带宾语。 10.答案：total→full

【详细解答】total意为“总体的，全体的”，指一种整体的概念。而这里要表达的是“全部 的权威”，英语中常用full authority。

2000

1.答案： 删除seem后的the

【详细解答】本句中的most为副词，不是最高级形式，故不用定冠词the。翻译为“极其” 2.答案：but→and

【详细解答】根据文章内容判断，but后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意，而是并列关系。 3.答案：in→to

【详细解答】as opposed to为固定搭配，意为“与„„对照，与„„相比”。

4.答案：misled→misleading 【详细解答】根据句意，这里的方式（way）是对他人有误导，不是被他人误导。所以应该用m islead的现在分词表示主动的含义。 5.答案：away

【详细解答】far away from意为“距离某处很远”，而far from being则意为“远不是，远 够不上”。根据上下文，这里是说“远非毫无意义”，故应该用短语far from being。

6.答案：single→only

【详细解答】此处用only修饰vehicle比用single更符合习惯用法。 7.答案：as→in

【详细解答】本句中的介词in表示“在„„方面”，as则无此意。 8.答案：mean→means

【详细解答】by no means为固定搭配，意为“丝毫不，绝不”。 9.答案：have后加such

【详细解答】such „ as是常见表达方式，用来举例说明。 10.答案：number改为deal/amount

1999年

The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______

human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._____

with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter- gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds

and more of the hunter-gatherer‟s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of

London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food

than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______

Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______

diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary

aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._______

They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their blood

cholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______ adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________

style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________ healthier diet. 1. 答案：as → like

2. 答案：supplementing → supplemented 3. 答案：and → or 4. 答案：in → on

5. 答案：as → while / whereas 6. 答案：删去 for，或改成about 7. 答案：删去第一个of 8. 答案：half ∧→ that

9. 答案：if → While / Although / Though 10. 答案：for ∧→ a

1998

hen a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world it has two things in common with any infant, provided (1)_____

neither of them have been damaged in any way either before (2)_____ or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to their helplessness lay using sound, there is nothing (3)_____

the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some other human being or beings, be it mother,

grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet (4)______

within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes (5)______

for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human

infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. (6)______ It is during this very long period in which the human infant

is totally dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature (7) ______ which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a

capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now suggest

that language be \"species specific\" to the human race, that is (8) ______

to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed (9) ______ in such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies (10)

that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in colour, and just as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal developments as well-formed human beings

1.在any后加other 2.把have改为has

3.把pay改为draw或call 4.把of改为after 5.把in改为 at

6.把them改为themselves 7.把the去掉 8.把be改为is

9.把genetic改为genetically 10.在such后加a

1997

Classic Intention Movement

In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is \"the chair-grasp\". Host and guest have bee

n talking for some time, but now the host has an appointment to keep and can get away. His urge to go is 1______

held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest. 2______ If he did not care of his guest's feelings he would 3______ simply get up out of his chair and to announce his4______

departure. This is what his body wants to do, therefore5______

his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise. It is at this point that he 6______

performs the chair-grasp Intention Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push 7______

himself upwards. This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not hesitating,8______

it would only last a fraction of the second. He would 9______

lean, push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He holds his \"readiness-to-rise\" post and 10______

keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozen at the get-ready moment.

1.答案：can →must

【详细解答】根据上下文，短文第一句指出了“抓板凳”是典型的意图性动作。第二句就来解释这个动作发生的情景，即主客谈了许久后，主人有个约会，必须离开去赴约。这里要表示一种主动愿望“必须，不得不”的意思，而不是能力。所以应将can改为must。 2.答案：not∧→to。

【详细解答】本题属动词不定式否定形式的误用。one‟s desire to do sth．为固定搭配，意 为“去做„„的欲望，想去做„„”，其否定形式是在to前面加not，即one‟s desire not to do sth．意为“不愿去做„„”。

3.答案：of→about【详细解答】本句是说“如果他不在意客人的感受，他就会从座位上站起来，说他要离开”，这里要表达“对„„在意，在乎”，故应该用care about这一固定搭配，而care for意为“喜欢，爱好；照顾”，不合题意。 4.答案：to

【详细解答】本句中的get up out of his chair(从板凳上站起来)和announce his departure (说他要离开)是两个衔接很紧的动作，共用助动词would，所以应将to删掉。

5.答案：therefore→but

【详细解答】根据上下文，本句的前后两部分之间是转折关系。而therefore意为“因此”，表示因果关系，因此应改用转折连词but。 6.答案：raise→rise。【详细解答】raise为及物动词，意为“使升高，提升；抚养，养育”，其后必须接宾语。而本句中的动词raise后无宾语，所以应改为rise。rise为不及物动词，意为“起身”。 7.答案：as∧→if或though

【详细解答】本句意为“身体向前，抓住椅子的扶手，就好像要把自己支撑起来一样”。而连词as不能表达“仿佛，好像”的意思，只有把它改成as if／though才合乎题意。

8.答案：make→perform或do 【详细解答】文中要表达的意思是“他将首先做出的动作。”只有perform／do an action表示“做动作”，而没有make an act这一

表达方式。

9.答案：the→a 【详细解答】定冠词the表特指，不定冠词a／an表泛指。这里是说“如果他不迟疑，动作只会花不到一秒的时间”，是泛指任何一秒，而不是特指某一秒，所以应该用不定冠词。

10.答案：post→posture【详细解答】post意为“柱杆；邮件；职位，岗位”等；posture意为“姿势，举止；态度”。这里是说“他保持着„随时起身‟的姿势”，所以应用posture合乎题意

1996

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C . This is only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperatures (1) of the sun. As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a (2) planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. (3) The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly (4)

constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the

atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just (5)

about replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the (6) earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe (7)

to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it -97% - is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh,

but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles (8)

and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when (9)

melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than (10) 1% of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.

1．1et ^ → alone 2．face → surface 3．planet ^ → that／which 4．quite或fairly 5．out → outer 6．away 7．and → but

8．quarter → quarters 9．when → until／unless 10．fewer → less

1995

There are far too many road accidents in this country

too many deaths and too many people injured。 One wonders who are most to blame， drivers and pedestrians。__1__ Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly with

，

95年【答案】

1。and—or。根据上下文One wonders who are most to blame这一疑问，drivers和pedestrians其中之一需负责任

2。 with—without。without引导一个条件状语从句：“如果不考虑路况和整个交通体系的话” 3。 在London前加as。such„„as结构

4。sufficiency—deficiencies。deficiencies意义为一些“不足，缺陷”，下文列举的too many road signs， faulty traffic lights， suddenly narrowing of the streets， congested parking都是路况的不足和缺陷

5。 convincing—convinced。下文that从句后列举司机和行人种种的考试大违规的行为不得不使人信服（convinced）the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons alone

6。 as—even或删除as。as though引导条件状语从句；even though引导让步状语从句，意义为“即使”，此处是“有些司机即使喝了很多酒，他们仍然认为自己能够把握住方向盘” 7 去掉is或在is前加it。根据语法规则，考试大有些表示时间地点条件方式或让步状语从句，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主语的主语一致，那么常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语部分，特别是动词be省略掉

8。 for—against。步行者应该承担责任的原因之一为交通信号灯不让他们穿越马路时他们却穿马路了 9。 jump—jumping。jumping与上文的stepping off，crossing 并列和一致，应该用动名词 10。 more—less。从上下文逻辑和意义判断