如何自学新概念英语第一册
Lessons 1-2
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Excuse me 对不起。
这是经常使用于表示道歉的客套话，相当于汉语中的“劳驾”、“对不起”。当咱们要引发他人的注意、要打搅他人或打断他人的话时，通常都可利用这一表达方式。在课文中，男士为了吸引女士的注意而利用了这句客套话。它也可用在以下场合：向生疏人问路，借用他人的，从他人身旁挤过，在宴席或会议半途要离开一会儿等等。
2．Yes？什么事？
课文中的 Yes？应用升调朗诵，意为：“什么事？”Yes？以升调表示某种不确信或询问之意，也含有请对方说下去的意思。
3．Pardon？对不起，请再说一遍。
当咱们没听清或没明白得对方的话并希望对方能重复一遍时，就能够够利用这一表达方式。较为正式的说法是：
I beg your pardon.
I beg your pardon?
Pardon me.
它们在汉语中的意思相当于“对不起，请再说一遍”或“对不起，请再说一遍好吗？”
4．Thank you very much．超级感激！
这是一句表示感激的用语，意为“超级感激（你）”。请看以下类似的表达式，并注意其语气上的不同：
Thank you.
谢谢（你）。
Thanks!
谢谢！
5．数字1～10的英文写法
1—one 2—two 3—three 4—four 5—five
6—six 7—seven 8—eight 9—nine 10—ten
语法 Grammar in use
一样疑问句
一样疑问句依照其结构又分为假设干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有be的陈述句变成一样疑问句。即将be的适当形式移到主语之前，如：
陈述句：This is your watch.
这是你的腕表。
疑问句：Is this your watch?
这是你的腕表吗？
（可参见 Lessons 15～16语法部份有关 be的一样此刻时形式的说明。）
辞汇学习 Word study
1．coat n.
上衣，外衣：
Is this your coat?
这是你的外衣吗？
coat and skirt<英>（上衣、裙子匹配的）西式女套装
2．dress n.
（1）连衣裙；套裙：
Is this your dress?
这是你的连衣裙吗？
（2）服装；衣服：
casual dress 便服
evening dress 晚礼服
Lessons3-4
1．My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。
这是一个省略形式的祈使句，完整的句子应为：
Give me my coat and my umbrella, please.
口语中，在语境明确的情形下通常可省略动词和间接宾语，如：
(Show me your) Ticket, please
请出示你的票。
(Show me your)Passport, please.
请出示您的护照。
2．Here's your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣。
Here's 是 Here is的缩略形式。全句原为：Here is your umbrella and your coat．缩略形式和非缩略形式在英语的书面用语和口语中均有，但非缩略形式经常使用于比较正式的场合。Here's…是一种适应用法，句中采纳了倒装句式，即系动词提到了主语之前。又如 Here is my ticket 这句话用正常的语序时为 My ticket is here。
3．Sorry = I'm sorry。
这是口语中的缩略形式，通常在社交场合顶用于表示对他人的歉意或某种程度的遗憾。
Sorry 和 Excuse me 虽在汉语中都可作“对不起”讲，但 sorry 经常使用于对自己所犯过失表示道歉，而 Excuse me 那么多为表示轻微歉意的客套语。
4．Sir，先生。
这是英语中对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称。例如：在效劳行业中，效劳员对男顾客的称号一样为 sir：
What can I do for you, sir?
先生，您要买什么？
Thank you, sir.
谢谢您，先生。
sir 通经常使用于正式信函开头的称号中：
Dear sir
亲爱的先生
Dear sirs 亲爱的先生们／诸位先生们
Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名之前（但不用于姓氏之前）：
Sir Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士
Sir William Brown 威廉·布朗爵士
5．数字11～15的英文写法
11—eleven 12—twelve 13—thirteen
14—fourteen 15—fifteen
语法 Grammar in use
否定句
否定陈述句与确信陈述句相反，它表示“否定”，而且含有一个如not 之类的否定词。一个内含be的否定形式的陈述句，应在其后加 not，以组成否定句：
确信句：
This is my umbrella.
这是我的伞。
否定句：
This is not my umbrella.
这不是我的伞。
请再看课文中的这两句话：
针对一样疑问句的否定的简略答语是 No，it's not／it isn't。此处省略和非省略形式的关系为：is not =isn't；it is = it's。全句应为：
No, it is not my umbrella.
不，它不是我的伞。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．suit n.
（一套）衣服：
Is this your suit?
这是你的衣服吗？
a man's suit 一套男装
a woman's suit 一套女装
2．please interjection
（表示有礼貌地请求对方）请；烦劳：
My coat and my umbrella please.
请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。
Please come in.
请进。
Lessons5-6
1．Good morning．早上好。
英语中常见的问候用句。对此问候的回应一样也是Good morning。依照一天中见面时刻的不同还能够说Good afternoon （下午好）和 Good evening（晚上好）。有时英美人见面时只简单地说一声Hello。
2．This is Miss Sophie Dupont．这位是索菲娅·杜邦小姐。
This is+姓名是将某人介绍给他人时经常使用的句式。课文中的例子还有：
Sophie, this is Hans.
索菲娅，这位是汉斯。
And this is Naoko.
这位是直子。
3．Mr． Blake／Miss Sophie Dupont，布莱克先生／索菲娅·杜邦
小姐。
英语国家中人的姓名通常由3部份组成，即：名+中间名+姓。
在一样情形下，不用中间名。在熟悉的人中间，以名相称，而在正式的场合中经常使用 Mr．（先生），Mrs．（太太），Miss（小姐）或Ms．（女士）这些称号再加上姓。
Mr．用于男士的姓之前，不能单独利用，如课文中的 Mr. Blake；而sir 一样单独利用，是对长者、上司或男顾客的尊称，如：
Sorry, sir.
对不起，先生。
Miss 一样用于指未婚女子，只是有时在不明白对方是不是已婚时也可利用。
4．Nice to meet you．很快乐见到你。
用于第一次与他人见面等非正式场合。对方的回应一样应为Nice to meet you，too（我也很快乐见到你）。
人们在正式的场合第一次见面时经常使用：How do you do？相应的回答也是：How do you do？这是一句问候语，并非问话。
5．国籍与国家名称有别
请不要将国家名称和与其对应的国籍弄混。课文的 French，German，Japanese，Korean和Chinese都是表示国籍的词。句中表示中国国籍的词应为 Chinese 而不是 China。
语法 Grammar in use
1．特殊疑问句
以疑问词 who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how 等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句，也叫疑问词疑问句，有时还被称为 wh-问句（wh-question）。结构一样为：疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等。作为疑问词的what能够用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。例如以下几个问句：
What make is this car?
这辆小汽车是什么牌子的？
What nationality are you?
你是哪国人？
What is your job?
你的工作是干什么？
What colour is it?
它是什么颜色的？
What size is this skirt?
这条裙子是多大号的？
2．a 和 an
Sophie is a new student.
索菲娅是一名新学生。
This is an umbrella.
这是一把雨伞。
这两个句子中显现的a／an在英语中被称为不定冠词。a和an在意义上没有区别。用a／an时，咱们必需记住两条大体原那么：
（1）a／an有不确信的意义（即所说的人、动物或东西对听者或读者来讲可能是不明白的）。
（2）a／an只能用于单数可数名词之前。
另外还需注意a和an的发音：a（在平常发言中发／+／音）用于辅音（不是辅音字母）之前；an（／+(／）用于元音（不单单是以元音字母a，e，i，o，u开头的词）之前。当咱们把a或an用来讲明字母表中的字母时，便会一目了然：
This is a B／C／D／G／J／K／P／Q／R／T／U／V／W／Y／Z．
这是一个 B／C／D／G／J／K／P／Q／R／T／U／V／W／Y／Z字母。
This is an A／E／F／H／I／L／M／N／O／S／X．
这是一个A／E／F／H／I／L／M／N／O／S／X字母。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．make n.
（产品的）牌子；类型，型号；式样：
What make is your watch?
你的腕表是什么牌子的？
Her dress is of Italian make.
她的连衣裙是意大利式的。
2．English adj.
英国（人）的；英格兰（人）的；英国化的：
Is it an American car or an English car?
它是美国车仍是英国车？
John is very English.
约翰生活行事超级英国化。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 6
A
Alice is a student. She isn't German. She is French.
This is her car. It is a French car.
Hans is a student. He isn't French.
He is German. This is his car. It is a German car.
B
1 Is she a German student or a Japanese student?
She isn't a German student. She's a Japanese student.
2 Is this a German car or a French car?
It isn't a German car. It's a French car.
3 Is he an Italian student or a German student?
He isn't an Italian student. He's a German student.
4 Is she an Italian student or a Chinese student?
She isn't an Italian student. She is a Chinese student.
5 Is this an American car or an English car?
It isn't an American car. It's an English car.
6 Is he a Japanese student or a Korean student?
He isn't a Japanese student. He's a Korean student.
7 Is this an English car or an Italian car?
It isn't an English car. It's an Italian car.
8 Is he an English student or a Chinese student?
He isn't an English student. He's a Chinese student.
9 Is this a French car or a German car?
It isn't a French car. It's a German car.
10 Is this a Chinese car or a Japanese car?
It isn't a Chinese car. It's a Japanese car.
11 Is this an English car or an American car?
It isn't an English car. It's an American car.
12 Is this a Japanese car or a Korean car?
It isn't a Japanese car. It's a Korean car
Lessons7-8
1．My name's = My name is。
这是自我介绍时通常利用的句型：My name is…（后面加上自己的姓名）。有时也可用I'm…这一句型。
2．Are you French，too？你也是法国人吗？
在英语中，too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思，但是too仅用于确信句中，either 那么限于用在否定句中。too和either一样都放在句末，且前面通经常使用逗号隔开。例如：
Is Sophie Italian, too?
索菲娅也是意大利人吗？
Is Robert a keyboard operator, too?
罗伯特也是电脑录入员吗？
3．What nationality are you？你是哪国人？
此问句用来询问对方的国籍。也能够问 Where are you from？或 Where do you come from？
4．What's your job？你是做什么工作的？
What's =What is。询问对方从事何种职业时还能够说：What do you do？
5．I'm an engineer．我是工程师。
I'm／aim／=I am。口语中常常利用这种缩略形式。英语不定冠词有两个：a，an。在发音以元音音素开头的词前面用an，在发音以辅音音素开头的词前面用a。engineer／?enDNi'ni+／的发音是以元音音素开头的，因此前面要用an。（可参见Lessons 5～6 中
的有关说明。）
6．数字16～20的英文写法
16—sixteen 17—seventeen 18—eighteen 19—nineteen 20—twenty
语法 Grammar in use
以疑问词what所引导的特殊疑问句
（可参见 Lessons 5～6中的有关说明。）What…？这一问句能够用来询问国籍、工作等等：
What nationality are you?
你是哪国人？
What's your job?
你是干什么的？
关于以上两个问句可如下回答：
I'm Swedish.
我是瑞典人。
I'm an air hostess.
我是一名空中小姐。
此刻不妨改用第3人称单数来进行类似的问答：
辞汇学习 Word study
1．job n.
（1）职业：
What's your job?
你是做什么工作的？
（2）（一件）工作，活计：
The whole job takes about 40 minutes.
整个工作大约需要四十分钟。
（3）职责：
It's your job to be on time.
准时是你应该做到的事。
2．nurse
（1）n．护士；照料者：
Is she a nurse or a housewife?
她是护士仍是家庭主妇？
（2）v．照料；照看：
All her time goes into nursing her child.
她把全数时刻都花于照看自己的小孩上了。
（3）v ．养护；培育：
nurse a young tree 养护树苗
nurse an author of promise 培育有前途的作家
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 8
A
1 My name is Robert. I am a student. I am Italian.
2 Sophie is not Italian. She is French.
3 Mr. Black is my teacher. He is not French.
B
1 What's his job? Is he a policeman? Yes, he is.
2 What's her job? Is she a policewoman? Yes, she is.
3 What's his job? Is he a taxi driver? Yes, he is.
4 What's her job? Is she an air hostess? Yes, she is.
5 What's his job? Is he a postman? Yes, he is.
6 What's her job? Is she a nurse? Yes, she is.
7 What's his job? Is he a mechanic? Yes, he is.
8 What's his job? Is he a hairdresser? Yes, he is.
9 What's her job? Is she a housewife? Yes, she is.
10 What's his job? Is he a milkman? Yes, he is
Lessons9-10
1．How are you today？你今天好吗？
这是朋友或相识的人之间见面时问对方躯体情形的应酬话，一样回答语为：
Fine, thank you.
专门好，谢谢。
I'm fine, thank you.
专门好，谢谢。
I'm very well, thank you.
专门好，谢谢。
如问及对方的先生或太太的情形，能够说 How is Tony？或How's Emma？等。
相应的回答可为 He's fine，thanks 或 She's very well，thankyou等。
2．And you？你好吗？
是And how are you？的简略说法。在回答对方问候健康的话以后反问时用。
3．数字21与22的英文写法
21—twenty-one 22—twenty-two
语法 Grammar in use
1．How…？
的一些社交上的用法
how 是一个表示“如何”的疑问词，能够用来引导一些用于社交场合的套话：
（1）用于询问健康状况或一样生活情形：
How are you?
你好吗？
How is Helen today?
海伦今天好吗？
How have you been?
你一贯可好？
（2）How do you do？（你好吗？）是正式介绍中的一句套话，从不用来询问健康：
（3）how 常经常使用在询问目前状况的疑问句里，如：
How's life?
生活如何？
How are things?
情形如何？
How's work?
工作怎么样？
2．形容词的意义与作用
（1）形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等。咱们用形容词说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。例如，形容词能够表示质量、大小、新旧、温度、外形、颜色、产地。
（2）许多形容词可用以回答 What…like？如此的问题，并可依照上下文给出笼统的或确切的信息。例如：
（3）英语中形容词作定语时一样置于名词之前，如：
a young nurse 一名年轻的护士
an old mechanic 一名老机械师
a lazy housewife 一个懒惰的家庭主妇
a thin woman 一个瘦瘦的女人
辞汇学习 Word study
1．look v.
（1）看，瞧，观，望：
Look at that man. Is he thin?
瞧那个男人。他瘦吗？
Look carefully before you cross the street.
过马路前要认真看清来往车辆。
（2）面向，朝向：
The room looks on the sea.
房间面向大海。
Two windows look to the south.
两扇窗子朝南。
2．fine adj.
（1）健康的；舒适的：
How is Steven today?
史蒂文今天怎么样？
（2）极好的，优秀的：
a fine view 美好的景色
a fine teacher 一名优秀教师
（3）优雅的，雅致的：
He is a man with fine manners.
他是一个举止优雅的男人。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 10
A
1 Mr. Blake isn't a student. He's a teacher.
2 This isn't my umbrella. It's your umbrella.
3 Sophie isn't a teacher. She's a keyboard operator.
4 Steven isn't cold. He's hot.
5 Naoko isn't Chinese. She's Japanese.
6 This isn't a German car. It's a Swedish car.
B
1 Look at that man. He's very fat.
2 Look at that woman. She's very thin.
3 Look at that policeman. He's very tall.
4 Look at that policewoman. She's very short.
5 Look at that mechanic. He's very dirty.
6 Look at that nurse. She's very clean.
7 Look at Steven. He's very hot.
8 Look at Emma. She's very cold.
9 Look at that milkman. He's very old.
10 Look at that air hostess. She's very young.
11 Look at that hairdresser. He's very busy.
12 Look at that housewife. She's very lazy.
Lessons11-12
1．Whose shirt is that？那是谁的衬衫？
这是非凡疑问句。读时用降调。
2．Yes，sir？什么事，先生？
请参见 Lessons 1～2课文详注和 Lessons 3～4课文详注。
3．Here you are．给你。
是给对方东西时的适应用语。递给对方东西或对方在找某物而你指出该物在什么地址时，往往用这种表达方式。也能够说：Here it is（指单数的物）或 Here they are（指复数的物）。句中的are和is一样应重读。
4．非省略形式和省略形式之间的关系
it is not = it isn't = it's not。
5．数字30的英文写法
30 —thirty
语法 Grammar in use
1．以疑问词 whose 引导的非凡疑问句
（1）用来询问所有关系。所有者老是一个人而且期望取得的回答是某人的名字加-'s形式（如 Tim's蒂姆的），或是一个所有格代词（如 mine我的）。
（2）这时 whose 也可在句子中作表语，如：
（3）当所有关系中指的是某件东西或某种物质时，whose后面的名词能够省略：
2．所有格形容词和所有格代词（1）
（1）所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有，即某人或某物属于某一个人，回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my，your等是限定词，必需始终放在名词之前，只能作定语。它们的形式取决于所有者，而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine，yours等不能用在名词前，而且在说话时要加重语气。它们指人或物，单数或复数都一样。请见下表：
如：
This is my car.
这是我的汽车。（定语）
That is her coat.
这是她的上衣。（定语）
Your car is red，mine is blue.
你的车是红色的，我的是蓝色的。（主语）
This book is his，not yours.
这本书是他的，不是你的。（表语）
I have my way, and she has hers.
我有我的处事方式，她有她的。（宾语）
（2）名词所有格是在词尾加-'s组成的，不仅可作定语，还可作表语：
Is this Dave's shirt?
这是戴夫的衬衫吗？（作定语）
Whose is that shirt? Is it your daughter's?
那条裙子是谁的？是你女儿的吗？（作表语）
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 12
A
1 Stella is here. That is her car.
2 Excuse me, Steven. Is this your umbrella?
3 I am an air hostess. My name is Britt.
4 Paul is here, too. That is his coat.
B
1 Whose is this handbag? It's Stella 's. It's her handbag.
2 Whose is this car? It's Paul's. It's his car.
3 Whose is this coat? It's Sophie 's. It's her coat.
4 Whose is this umbrella? It's Steven's. It's his umbrella.
5 Whose is this pen? It's my daughter's. It's her pen.
6 Whose is this dress? It's my son's. It's his dress.
7 Whose is this suit? It's my father's. It's his suit.
8 Whose is this skirt? It's my mother's. It's her skirt.
9 Whose is this blouse? It's my sister's. It's her blouse.
10 Whose is this tie? It's my brother's. It's his tie.
11 Whose is this pen? It's Sophie's. It's her pen.
12 Whose is this pencil? It's Hans'. It's his pencil.
辞汇学习 Word study
1．perhaps adv.
或许，可能，可能：
Perhaps it is, sir.
或许是，先生。
Perhaps it will rain.
或许要下雨了。
Perhaps it's Sophie's handbag.
或许这是索菲娅的手提包。
2．catch v.
（1）接住，拦住：
Catch!
接着！
（2）逮住，捕捉：
catch a thief 抓住一个贼
（3）染上（疾病）：
catch a cold 伤风
I have caught a bad cold.
我得了重伤风。
Lessons13-14
1．It's the same colour．一样的颜色。
same 通常与定冠词the连用，表示“同一的”、two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男小孩
We live in the same city.
：“相同的”
咱们住在同一个城市里。
2．That is a lovely hat！真是一顶可爱的帽子！
句末用的是赞扬号，表现出较强的情感色彩。句中的 is 用斜体，是为了强调，应重读。
3．数字 40，50，60，70，80，90，100，101的英文写法
40—forty 50—fifty 60—sixty
70—seventy 80—eighty 90—ninety
100—a hundred 101—a hundred and one
语法 Grammar in use
1．what colour（s）引导的非凡疑问句
（可参见 Lessons 5～6语法中有关非凡疑问句的说明。）
以疑问词 what引导的 What colour…？和 What colours…？
类型的非凡疑问句式用于询问颜色。又如：
What colour is Anna's hat?
安娜的帽子是什么颜色的？
What colour's Helen's dog?
海伦的狗是什么颜色的？
What colour's your shirt?
你的衬衣是什么颜色的？
What colour is it?
它是什么颜色的？
2．祈使句
（1）祈使句的主语通常不直接表示出来，其谓语动词用原型。祈使句用来表示请求、建议、命令、吩咐等。如：
Follow me.
跟我来。
Shut the door, please.
请关门。
Look out!
当心！
Keep off the grass!
请勿踩踏草地！
Help yourself.
请自己动手。
（2）某些祈使动词能够后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是后跟人们预料的带to的动词不定式结构：
Come and see this goldfish.
来看这条金鱼。（不用 Come to see）
Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
去给自己买双新鞋吧。（不用 Go to buy）
Wait and see.
等着瞧吧。（不用 Wait to see）
辞汇学习 Word study
1．nice adj.
（1）美好的，好看的：
It's a nice day today, isn't it?
今天天气真好，不是吗？
That's a nice dress.
那件连衣裙真好看。
（2）和善的，友好的：
He is very nice to his neighbours.
他对邻居很友善。
（3）令人兴奋的，令人愉快的：
It is so nice to have you here.
你能在这儿真是太好了。
Have a nice time!
祝你玩得愉快点！
2．smart adj.
（1）漂亮的，时兴的，巧妙的：
Anna's hat is smart.
安娜的帽子漂亮而新颖。
You look smart in that new dress.
你穿那件新连衣裙看上去时兴而潇洒
（2）伶俐的，伶俐的，精明的：
She is a smart student.
她是一名聪慧的学生。
He is a smart businessman.
他是一名精明的商人。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 14
A
1 This is Paul's car.
2 This is Sophie's coat.
3 This is Helen's dog.
4 This is my father's suit.
5 This is my daughter's dress.
B
1 What colour's Steven's car? His car's blue.
2 What colour's Tim's shirt? His shirt's white.
3 What colour's Sophie s coat? Her coat's grey.
4 What colour's Mrs. White's carpet? Her carpet's red.
5 What colour's Dave's tie? His tie's orange.
6 What colour's Steven's hat? His hat is grey and black.
7 What colour's Helen's dog? Her dog's brown and white.
8 What colour's Hans' pen? His pen's green.
9 What colour's Luming's suit? His suit's grey.
10 What colour's Stella's pencil? Her pencil's blue.
11 What colour's Xiaohui's handbag? Her handbag's brown.
12 What colour's Sophie 's skirt? Her skirt's yellow
Lessons15-16
1．Your passports，please．请出示你们的护照。
请参见 Lessons 3～4课文详注。
2．Here they are．给您。
本句中的 they指 passports。请参见 Lessons 11～12课文详注。
3．名词的复数形式（1）
英语中可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，指一个以上的事物时用复数形式。可数名词的复数形式一样是在单数名词后面加上-s，如课文中的friend—friends／frendz／，tourist—tourists／'tu+rists／，case—cases／'keisiz／。请注重-s的不同发音。假设名词是以-s结尾的，变成复数时那么要加-es，如dress—dresses／'dresiz／，blouse—blouses／'blauziz／。
语法 Grammar in use
1．表示复数的-s或-es一样遵循的发音规那么
（1）假设名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音（如
／f／，
／k／，
／p／，／t／，／I／；但／s／，／M／，／tM／除外），-s发
／s／的音，如：
books／buks／
suits／su:ts／
（2）假设名词词尾的发音是一个浊辅音（如
／b／，／d／，／g／，／l／，／m／，／n／，／R／；但／z／，／N／，／DN／除外）或元音，-s发
／z／的音，如：
ties ／taiz／
dogs ／d%26amp;gz／
（3）假设名词词尾的发音是
／s／，／z／，／M／，／N／，／tM／或／DN／，-s
发／iz／的音，如：
dresses／'dresz／
blouses／'bluziz／
辞汇学习 Word study
1．blue adj.
（1）蓝色的，湛蓝的：
The sea is deep blue.
大海呈深蓝色。
He wears a blue tie.
他打一条蓝色的领带。
（2）沮丧的，忧郁的：
He looks a bit blue.
他看上去有点儿忧郁。
His mood is blue.
他的情绪低落。
2．grey adj.
（1）灰色的，偏灰的：
His hat is grey.
他的帽子是灰色的。
（2）头发灰白的：
Her hair is grey.
她的头发灰白。
（3）面色惨白的：
Tony looks grey and tired.
托尼面色惨白，显得疲惫。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 16
A
1 It is an English car.
2 It is a Japanese car.
3 It is an Italian car.
4 It is a French car.
5 It is an American car.
6 Robert is not a teacher.
B
1 What colour are your shirts? Our shirts are white.
2 What colour are your coats? Our coats are grey.
3 What colour are your tickets? Our tickets are yellow.
4 What colour are your suits? Our suits are blue.
5 What colour are your hats? Our hats are black and grey.
6 What colour are your passports? Our passports are green.
7 What colour are your umbrellas? Our umbrellas are black.
8 What colour are your handbags? Our handbags are white.
9 What colour are your ties? Our ties are orange.
10 What colour are your dogs? Our dogs are brown and white.
11 What colour are your pens? Our pens are blue.
12 What colour are your cars? Our cars are red.
Lessons17-18
1．How do you do？您好。
这是用于第一次见面时的较正式用语。一样用一样的话来回答。请参见 Lessons 5～6课文详注。
2．Come and meet our employees…来见见咱们的雇员……
那个地址的and表示目的。请参见 Lessons 13～14中语法部份的说明。
3．This is Nicola Grey，and this is Claire Taylor．这位是尼古拉·格雷，这位是克莱尔·泰勒。
这是介绍人们彼此熟悉时的经常使用句型。请参见 Lessons 5～6课文详注。
4．名词的复数形式（2）
假设名词单数词尾为-f或-fe（读作／f／），那么其复数一概变成-ves （读作／vz／），即将-f或-fe变成-v，再加-es而成，如 housewife----housewives。
英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规那么的，如man与woman其复数形式别离为
men与women。另外还可用man，woman等来区别阳性与阴性：以-man结尾的一些复合名词指男性，如milkman---- milkmen，policeman ---- policemen；一些以-woman结尾的名词指女性，如postwoman---- postwomen，policewoman ---- policewomen。
5．数字200，1，000，1，001的英文写法
200 ---- two hundred
1，000 ---- a（或 one） thousand
1，001 ---- a thousand and one
语法 Grammar in use
1．who 引导的非凡疑问句
Who is…？或 Who are…？这种以疑问词 who引导的疑问句通经常使用来询问人的姓名和身份。Who…？仅指人，能够用来询问男性、女性、单数或复数的人。如：
注重这种句型与 What is…？或 What are…？这种句型的区别：What…？句型要紧用来询问人的类别或职业，如：
请参见 Lessons 5～6与 Lessons 7～8语法部份的说明。
2．所有格形容词与人称代词
（请参见Lessons 11～12语法部份。）
所有格形容词their 意为“他们的”，其对应的人称代词是they。下面是人称代词及其对应的所有格形容词形式：
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 18
A
1 That man is tall. He is a policeman.
2 Those girls are busy. They are keyboard operators.
3 Our names are Britt and Inge. We are Swedish.
4 Look at our office assistant. He is very hard-working.
5 Look at Nicola. She is very pretty.
6 Michael Baker and Jeremy Short are employees. They are sales reps.
B
1 Are they keyboard operators or air hostesses?
They aren't keyboard operators. They're air hostesses.
2 Are they postmen or policemen?
They aren't postmen. They're policemen.
3 Are they policewomen or nurses?
They aren't policewomen. They're nurses.
4 Are they customs officers or hairdressers?
They aren't customs officers. They're hairdressers.
5 Are they hairdressers or teachers?
They aren't hairdressers. They're teachers.
6 Are they engineers or taxi drivers?
They aren't engineers. They're taxi drivers.
7 Are they policewomen or keyboard operators?
They aren't policewomen. They're keyboard operators.
8 Are they milkmen or engineers?
They aren't milkmen. They're engineers.
9 Are they policemen or milkmen?
They aren't policemen. They're milkmen.
10 Are they nurses or housewives?
They aren't nurses. They're housewives.
辞汇学习 Word study
1．custom n.
风俗；适应；
When visiting a foreign country, we might find the country's customs strange to us.
当咱们去外国访问时，咱们或许会发觉该国的某些风俗习
惯有些希奇。
It is his custom to go for a walk in the evenings.
他惯常在晚上出去散步。
2．customs, Customs n.
[复]海关；征收关税的程序：
The spy was stopped at the Customs and questioned.
那个间谍在海关被截住并被加以查问。
How long will it usually take to pass the Customs?
通过海关检查通常要花费多少时刻？
Lessons19-20
1．What's the matter？怎么啦？
相当于 What's wrong？或 Tell me what's wrong。那个句型通经常使用来询问发生了什么事。假设要非凡提及某人，能够在后面加上介词with，如：
What's the matter with you?
你怎么啦？
What's the matter with Claire?
克莱尔怎么啦？
2．Mum，儿语中小小孩对母亲的称号。
与此相似，dad是对父亲的儿语称号。
3．There's = There is。
它表示“有”、“存在”，为 there + be结构的一样此刻时缩略形式。
4．Two ice creams please．请拿两份冰淇淋。
相当于 Give us two ice creams，please。请参见 Lessons 3～4课文注释。ice cream是物质名词。物质名词前加不定冠词 a或基数词表示一种、一份、一客、一类、一阵等。
语法 Grammar in use
1．there +be结构（1）
在说明或询问人、物等的存在时即可利用there +be结构。说There's an ice cream man比说An ice cream man is there更合乎适应，也更为自然。there +be结构可将重要的新信息置于句末，以示强调。此结构中的实际主语是be后面的名词。因此，假设该名词是单数就用is，如是复数那么为are。
2．人称代词与be
英文中系动词be（是）必需依照不同的人称代词作相应的转变。请参见Lessons15～16语法部份中有关be的一样此刻时形式的内容，包括某些缩略形式，如：they are not =they aren't =they're not，we are not = we aren't =we're not。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．thirsty adj.
（1）渴的，口干的：
We're tired and thirsty.
咱们又累又渴。
（2）（土地等）干旱的：
a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地
（3）期望的，渴求的（for，after）：
The students there are thirsty for knowledge.
那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。
2．matter n.
（1）情形，事件：
It's a private matter.
这是件私事。
He's not very interested in financial matters.
他对财政方面的情形并非太感爱好。
（2）麻烦事，困难：
What's the matter, Anna?
怎么了，安娜？
What's the matter with Steven?
史蒂文是怎么回事？
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 20
A
1 Those children are tired.
2 Their mother is tired, too.
3 That ice cream man is very busy.
4 His ice creams are very nice.
5 What's the matter, children? We are thirsty.
6 What's the matter, Tim? I am tired.
B
1 Are the children tired or thirsty?
They're not tired. They're thirsty.
2 Are the postmen cold or hot?
They're not cold. They're hot.
3 Are the hairdressers thin or fat?
They're not thin. They're fat.
4 Are the shoes small or big?
They're not small. They're big.
5 Are the shops shut or open?
They're not shut. They're open.
6 Are his cases heavy or light?
They're not heavy. They're light.
7 Are grandmother and grandfather young or old?
They're not young. They're old.
8 Are their hats old or new?
They're not old. They're new.
9 Are the policemen short or tall?
They're not short. They're tall.
10 Are his trousers short or long?
They're not short. They're long
Lessons21-22
1．Give me a book please, Jane.请拿本书给我，简。
这是一个祈使句。祈使句表示请求或命令。（请参见Lessons 13～14语法部份的说明。）表示客气的请求时，通常加please。
2．Which book? 哪一本？
是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one? 是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No, not that one是No, I do not want that one的省略形式。口语中经常使用如此的省略句。
3．This one?是这本吗？
相当于：Do you want this one? one是不定代词，代替 a book，以幸免重复。one的复数形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠词，也可有自己的定语。如：
4．数字1，010，1，011，1，016的英文写法
1，010----a thousand and ten
1，011----a thousand and eleven
1，016----a thousand and sixteen
语法 Grammar in use
1．人称代词
代词，顾名思义，确实是用来代替名词或名词短语的词，在已经明白所指的是谁或什么的情形下利用，以避免行文重复。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。在陈述句中，主格代词差不多老是位于动词之前。宾格代词可代替处于宾语位置上的名词，它们能够作直接宾语和间接宾语。
Give me/him/her/us/them a book.
给我/他/她/咱们/他（她）们一本书。（宾格代词）
2．which引导的非凡疑问句
（请参见Lessons 5～6中语法部份的说明。）
用which +名词可询问物体（单数或复数）或物质。which老是说明一种限定的、特指的选择。如：
Which book/books do you prefer?
你喜爱哪本／哪些书？
Which car do you like best?
你最喜爱哪一种汽车？
辞汇学习 Word study
1．large与big
（1）large仅指物理量值的大，是small的反义词。
large要紧指体积、面积、外形、数量方面的大，修饰人时指个子大。如：
China is a large country.
中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。
Look at that large woman in white.
瞧那个身穿白色衣服、个子高大的女人。
（2）big所表示的大，要紧指不仅体积大而且很重。因此a large box未必big。big在修饰人时，要紧指大人物，但个子未必高大。如：
It is a big house.
这是一所大屋子。（此句指不仅体积大，而且给人深刻的或牢固的印象。）
She's very big in the filmdom.
她在电影界中是个响铛铛的人物。（此句指不仅成功，且具有专门大的阻碍力。）
2．small与little
（1）small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反义词，不带什么情感色彩。如：
It is a small factory.
这是一个小新概念。
I want the small one with the yellow handle.
我想要带新概念把手的那个小的。
（2）little也表示小或少，但有小而可爱的情感色彩，是big的反义词。如：
There is a little garden behind our house.
咱们的屋后有个小花园。（此句表示花园虽小，但很可爱。）
She has the sweetest little smiles.
她的微笑十分甜蜜可爱。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 22
A
1 Is this Nicola's coat? No, it's not. Her coat is grey.
2 Are these your pens? No, they're not. My pens are blue.
3 Is this Mr. Jackson's hat? No, it's not. His hat is black.
4 Are these the children's books? No, they're not. Their books are red.
5 Is this Helen's dog? No, it's not. Her dog is brown and white.
6 Is this your father's tie? No, it's not. His tie is orange.
B
1 Give me a cup please.
Which one? This dirty one?
No, not this dirty one. That clean one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
2 Give me a glass please.
Which one? This empty one?
No, not this empty one. That full one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
3 Give me a bottle please.
Which one? This large one?
No, not this large one. That small one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
4 Give me a box please.
Which one? This big one?
No, not this big one. That little one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
5 Give me a tin please.
Which one? This new one?
No, not this new one. That old one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
6 Give me a knife please.
Which one? This sharp one?
No, not this sharp one. That blunt one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
7 Give me a spoon please.
Which one? This new one?
No, not this new one. That old one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
8 Give me a fork please.
Which one? This large one?
No, not this large one. That small one.
Here you are.
Thank you.
Lessons23-24
1．动词的双宾语
在Give me some glasses中，动词give后面有两个宾语，即直接宾语some glasses和间接宾语me。人称代词作宾语时要用人称代词的宾格。请参见Lessons 21～22语法部份。
2．The ones on the shelf.是架子上的那几只。
本句是省略句，句首省略了I want。句中的ones代表glasses。on the shelf是介词短语，作定语，修饰ones。
3．These?这几只？
是Do you want these?的省略形式。
4．Yes, please.是的，请拿给我。
当他人问你要不要某物而你同意要时，就可用这句话。又如：
假设你不同意要，那么应说：
No, thank you.
不，谢谢。
5．数字1，117，1，420，1，925，2，000的英文写法
1，117----one thousand one hundred and seventeen
1，420----one thousand four hundred and twenty
1，925----one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five
2，000----two thousand
语法 Grammar in use
on引导的介词短语
1）咱们常常在名词、名词短语、代词或动名词前面用介词表示人物、事件等与其他人物、事件等之间的各类关系，如空间关系、时刻关系、因果关系等。介词始终带有宾语。即便介词与宾语分开时，这种关系仍必然存在。有许多固定的介词短语常可见到。许多介词短语是由介词+名词（+介词）组成的，如：on time（准时），in the middle of（在……中间）。
（2）当咱们从不同的角度看空间中的位置时，应依照咱们想要表达的意思来选择介词。想表示在一个表面（即看来是平面）上面时，就可用介词on：
the pens on the desk桌上的钢笔
the boxes on the floor地板上的盒子
the bottles on the dressing table打扮台上的瓶子
the magazines on the bed床上的杂志
辞汇学习 Word study
desk与table
在汉语中，这两个词都被称为“桌子”，而在英语中，它们仍是有所区别的。
（1）desk通常指有抽屉的桌子，用于办公、念书、写字等，即“书桌”、“写字台”、“办公桌”：
He is working at his desk.
他正在自己的书桌前用功。
I put it on his desk.
我把它放在他的办公桌上了。
（2）table通常指由假设干条腿支撑着的平板，没有抽屉，即“餐桌”、“会议桌”、“工作台”、“手术台”等：
I've booked a table for two at .
我预订了一张两人桌，是在7点钟。
They sat round the table and made this big decision.
他们围坐在会议桌旁，作出了那个重大的决定。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 24
A
1 Give Jane this watch. Give her this one, too.
2 Give the children these ice creams. Give them these, too.
3 Give Tom this book. Give him this one, too.
4 That is my passport. Give me my passport please.
5 That is my coat. Give me my coat please.
6 Those are our umbrellas. Give us our umbrellas please.
B
1 Give me some pens please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the desk.
2 Give me some ties please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the chair.
3 Give me some spoons please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the table.
4 Give me some plates please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the cupboard.
5 Give me some cigarettes please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the television.
6 Give me some boxes please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the floor.
7 Give me some bottles please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the dressing table.
8 Give me some books please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the shelf.
9 Give me some magazines please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the bed.
10 Give me some newspapers please.
Which ones? These?
No, not those. The ones on the stereo
Lessons25-26
1．冠词
课文中refrigerator一词显现了两次，它前面别离用了两种不同的冠词：a（不定冠词）和the（定冠词）。第1次提到时用不定冠词a。（请参见Lessons5～6语法部份。）第2次时就再也不是泛指任何一个，而是特指所指的那个了，因此要用定冠词the。（请参见本课语法部份的说明。）
2．数字3，000，5，000，10，000的英文写法
3，000----three thousand
5，000----five thousand
10，000----ten thousand
语法 Grammar in use
1．定冠词the
（1）定冠词the不论指人仍是指物、单数仍是复数，其形式都不变。
（2）the的发音：the在辅音前读/J+/，如：the floor, the table, the bed, the desk; the在元音（即一样前面用an的词的首字母）之前发/J!:;;;;:/,如the engineer, the ice cream, the old man, the open window。当咱们想使听话者非凡注重the后面的名词时，the就读为/J!:/，意思是“这一个而且只是这一个”或“主若是这一个”。
（3）the的大体用法：
A the通常有明确的所指（即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提）；
B the可与单数可数名词、复数可数名词及不可数名词（老是单数形式）连用。
2．where引导的非凡疑问句
where用来询问地址（或是确切的情形，或是一样的情形）。对where疑问句的回答能够是整句、短语或单个的词。如：
Where is the refrigerator? 冰箱在哪里？
On the right./It's on the right. 在右边。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．cup n.
（1）杯子（一样带柄，用于盛热饮料，如茶或咖啡）：
I have a beautiful set of tea cups.
我有一套漂亮的茶杯。
I'd like a cup of tea.
我想喝一杯茶。
（2）一杯饮料；一杯咖啡：
Would you like another cup?
你要再来一杯吗？
You can get a good cup at Lucy' s Café.
你能在露西咖啡馆喝到一杯上好的咖啡。
2．glass n.
（1）玻璃杯或有脚的玻璃杯：
Give me a glass of water, please.
请给我一杯水。
There's a clean wine glass on the table.
桌上有一只干净的酒杯。
（2）杯中物；酒：
He has had a glass too much.
他多喝了一杯（或喝醉了）。
I'd like to enjoy a glass now and then.
我喜爱不时喝点酒。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 26
A
1 Give me a glass. Which glass? The empty one.
2 Give me some cups. Which cups? The cups on the table.
3 Is there a book on the table? Yes, there is. Is the book red?
4 Is there a knife in that box? Yes, there is. Is the knife sharp?
B
1 There's a cup on the table.
The cup is clean.
2 There's a box on the floor.
The box is large.
3 There's a a glass in the cupboard.
The glass is empty.
4 There's a knife on the plate.
The knife is sharp.
5 There's a fork on the tin.
The fork is dirty.
6 There's a bottle in the refrigerator.
The bottle is full.
7 There's a pencil on the desk.
The pencil is blunt.
Lessons27-28
1．Where are they?它们在哪里？
句中they指图中的那些东西。（可参见Lessons 25～26语法部份。）
2．数字9，999与10，001的英文写法
9，999----nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
10，001----ten thousand and one
语法 Grammar in use
1．there＋be结构（2）
（1）there＋be结构变成疑问句时，只需将动词be和there互换位
置，句子其余部分不变。如：
Is there a dirty fork on the plate?
碟子上有一个脏的叉子吗？
Is there a full bottle in the cupboard?
橱柜里有一瓶酒吗？
Are there any ties on the floor?
地上有一些领带吗？
Are there any newspapers on the shelf?
架子上有些报纸吗？
（2）there＋be结构变成否定句时，需在动词be后加not（any）或no。如：
No, there is not a fork on the plate
没有，碟子上没有叉子。
No, there isn't one in the cupboard.
没有，橱柜里一个也没有。
No, there aren't any ties on the floor.
没有，地板上没有任何领带。
No, there are no newspapers on the shelf.
没有，架子上没有任何报纸。
2．some和any的用法
在英语中，some和any是两个最经常使用的数量词。用some和any时，一样没必要精准地说明数量到底有何等大或何等小。它们的作用常常像是a/an的复数。
（1）some（表示确信的数量）表示“某些但不是全数”的意思，通经常使用于确信句中。在疑问句中，所希望的回答是Yes时也可利用some。如：
There is some water in the glass.
玻璃杯里有些水。
There are some cigarettes in the box.
盒子里有些雪茄。
Have you got some paper-clips in that box?
你那只盒子里有一些回形针吧？（我明白或我以为你有一些，故希望你会说“有”。）
some加可数名词或不可数名词时，在流畅的话语中一样不重读，而念为/s+m/。
（2）any（表示不确信的数量）通经常使用在含有not或-n't的否定句中，也用于表示咱们不能确信答案是确信仍是不是定，或用于预料取得的回答是No的疑问句中。如：
There are not any spoons in the cupboard.
橱柜中没有任何汤勺。
There aren't any plates on the dressing table.
打扮台上任何碟子都没有。
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辞汇学习 Word study
near adj.
（1）靠近的，接近的：
The television is near the window.
电视机在窗户隔壁。
There are some shoes on the floor. They're near the bed.
地板上有些鞋子。它们在床周围。
（2）关系接近的，靠近的：
She is a near friend of mine.
她是我的一名密友。
My uncle is my nearest relative.
我叔叔是我血缘最近的亲戚。
（3）近似的；几乎是的：
The picture may not be an exact replica but it's pretty near.
这幅画或许不是一件一模一样的复制品，但它已酷似原作了。
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练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 28
A
1 There are some pencils on the desk.
2 There are some knives near that tin.
3 There are some policemen in the kitchen.
4 There are some newspapers in the living room.
5 There are some keyboard operators in the office.
B
1 Are there any books in the room?
No, there aren't any books in the room.
There are some magazines.
Where are they?
They're on the television.
2 Are there any ties on the floor?
No, there aren't any ties on the floor.
There are some shoes.
Where are they?
They're near the bed.
3 Are there any glasses on the cupboard?
No, there aren't any glasses on the cupboard.
There are some bottles.
Where are they?
They're near those tins.
4 Are there any newspapers on the shelf?
No, there aren't any newspapers on the shelf.
There are some tickets.
Where are they?
They're in that handbag.
5 Are there any forks on the table?
No, there aren't any forks on the table.
There are some knives.
Where are they?
They're in that box.
6 Are there any cups on the stereo?
No, there aren't any cups on the stereo.
There are some glasses.
Where are they?
They're near those bottles.
7 Are there any cups in the kitchen?
No, there aren't any cups in the kitchen.
There are some plates.
Where are they?
They're on the cooker.
8 Are there any glasses in the kitchen?
No, there aren't any glasses in the kitchen.
There are some bottles.
Where are they?
They're in the refrigerator.
9 Are there any books in the room?
No, there aren't any books in the room.
There are some pictures.
Where are they?
They're on the wall.
10 Are there any chairs in the room?
No, there aren't any chairs in the room.
There are some armchairs.
Where are they?
They're near the tab
Lessons29-30
1．untidy，乱，不整洁。
un-是前缀，表示“not”这种否定的意思。
2．air the room，给房间通通风。
那个地址的air作动词用。名词作动词用是英语构词法的一种。又如：dust(n.)尘埃；(v.)掸掉尘埃。
语法 Grammar in use
must(1)
must是一个情态助动词，表示“必需”、“应当”，与have to相似，表示不可逃避的
义务。在说话人看来，没有选择余地。可是，must带有个人色彩，表示说话人的主观用意。表示个人情感时通经常使用must。You must…（你必需……）表示说话人说/以为……是必要的。如：
You must sweep the floor.
你必需扫地。（我说这有必要）
辞汇学习 Word study
1．air
（1）n.空气，新鲜空气：
Let's go out and breathe some fresh air.
咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气吧。
（2）n.空中，空间：
He likes to stay in the open air.
他喜爱在户外呆着。
（3）v.晾（衣服、被褥等）；使通风：
Open the windows and air the room.
打开窗户使房间通风。
Leave the trousers on the washing-line to air.
把裤子挂到晾衣绳上去晾干。
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2．empty
（1）v. 使空；把…倒出（移出）：
Empty the bottle of milk.
倒光瓶里的牛奶。
They emptied the house.
他们把衡宇搬空了。
（2）v. 流出；走出：
The river emptied itself into the sea.
河水流入大海。
It was raining, and the streets began to empty.
天下起了雨，街上的行人开始稀少了。
（3）adj. 空的：
There are some empty bottles in the refrigerator.
冰箱里有一些空瓶子。
Her purse is empty.
她的钱包是空的。
（4）adj. 空虚的，无心义的：
It's an empty dream.
这是个不现实的妄图。
Officials were flattered by empty complements.
们被空洞的恭维话弄得内心美滋滋的。
（5）adj. 呆板的，毫无表情的：
She looked at him with empty eyes.
她木然地看着他。
He said all this in an empty voice.
他用一种呆板的声调说了这一切。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 30
A
1 Clean it!
2 Shut it!
3 Open it!
B
1 Shut the door!
2 Open the window!
3 Put on your shirt!
4 Take off your shoes!
5 Turn on the stereo!
6 Turn off the tap!
7 Sweep the floor!
8 Clean the blackboard! 9 Dust the cupboard!
10 Empty the cup!
11 Read this magazine!
12 Sharpen these knives!
1．climb v.
Lessons31-32
（1）攀登，攀爬：
The children are always climbing trees.
小孩们老是在爬树。
He likes climbing mountains.
他喜爱登山。
（2）慢慢上升（增加）：
The temperature is climbing steadily.
温度正在慢慢地平稳上升。
The price of gold climbed back.
金价慢慢上升了。
（3）（在社会地位等方面）往上爬：
He is trying hard to climb to the top of the social ladder.
他正尽力爬到社会的最顶层。
He has climbed to a very high position in his field.
他已在自己的领域中爬到了一个很高的位置。
2．run v.
（1）跑，奔跑：
He is running quickly.
他正飞快地跑着。
He runs a mile every morning to keep fit.
他天天早晨跑一英里步以维持躯体健康。
（2）流动；流出：
The current is running strong.
水流湍急。
Her eyes ran with tears.
她落泪了。
（3）追赶；追赶：
The dog is running after a cat.
那只狗正在追赶一只猫。
Many young men are running after that girl.
许连年轻人在追求那个姑娘。
语法 Grammar in use
此刻进行时（1）
（1）在英文中假假想表达此刻正在进行的动作或事件，要用动词的此刻进行时形式。此刻进行时由be的此刻时形式（am, is, are）+此刻分词组成。如课文中的Shes sitting under the tree 和Hes climbing the tree等句子均为此刻进行时。对大多数动词来讲，在动词后面直接加-ing即可组成此刻分词，如doing, climbing。以-e结尾的动词，要去掉-e，再加-ing，如making。假设动词只有一个元音字母而其后跟了一个辅音字母时，那么需将与辅音字母双写，再加-ing，如running, sitting。
（2）疑问式：将用了此刻进行时的句子变成一样疑问句时只需将助动词提早。如：
Hes reading a magazine.
Is he reading a magazine?
他正在看一本杂志吗？
（3）否定式：此刻进行时的否定式是将否定词not放在助动词以后。如：
The dog is drinking its milk.
The dog is not drinking its milk.
狗没在喝它的那份牛奶。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 32
A
1 He is opening the window.
2 She is sharpening this pencil.
3 She is dusting the cupboard.
4 She is emptying the basket.
5 He is looking at the picture.
B
1 What is Mr. Richards doing?
Is he cleaning his teeth?
No, he isnt cleaning his teeth.
Hes opening the window.
2 What is my mother doing?
Is she shutting the door?
No, she isnt shutting the door.
Shes making the bed.
3 What is the dog doing?
Is it drinking its milk?
No, it isnt drinking its milk.
Its eating a bone.
4 What is my sister doing?
Is she reading a magazine?
No, she isnt reading a magazine.
Shes looking at a picture.
5 What is Emma doing?
Is she dusting the dressing table?
No, she isnt dusting the dressing table.
Shes cooking a meal.
6 What is Amy doing?
Is she making the bed?
No, she isnt making the bed.
Shes sweeping the floor.
7 What is Tim doing?
Is he reading a magazine?
No, he isnt reading a magazine.
Hes sharpening a pencil.
8 What is the girl doing?
Is she turning on the light?
No, she isnt turning on the light.
Shes turning off the tap.
9 What is the boy doing?
Is he cleaning his teeth?
No, he isnt cleaning his teeth.
Hes putting on his shirt.
10 What is Miss Jones doing?
Is she putting on her coat?
No, she isnt putting on her coat.
Shes taking off her coat.
Lessons 33-34
1．It is a fine day today.今天天气好。
句中的it是指天气。又如：
Is it cold today? 今天冷吗？
No, it isn't. 不，不冷。
2．some clouds，几朵云。
some既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：some tables一些椅子（可数名词），some milk一些牛奶（不可数名词）。
3．There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining.天空中飘着几朵云，但阳光灿烂。
这句是并列句，由两个分句组成，连词but说明分句之间存在着对照及转折关系。两分句之间大多要用逗号，有时可不用逗号。
4．Mr. Jones is with his family.琼斯先生同他的家人在一路。
句中with是介词，表示“和……一路”。family是指“家里的人”或“家庭成员”。
5．They are walking over the bridge.他们正在过桥。
句中的over有“穿过”的意思。又如：
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
飞机正在河上飞过。
The birds are flying over the house.
鸟儿在屋上飞过。
over还可表不“在……上方”（不接触表面），如：
The sky is over our heads.
天空在咱们头顶上。
6．There are some boats on the river. 河上有几艘船。
句中on意为“在……上面”（接触表面）。又如：
There is a book on the table.
桌上有一本书。
7．The ship is going under the bridge. 那船正从桥下驶过。
句中under意为“在……下面（或下方）”。如：
There is a dog under the tree.
树下有只狗。
ship一样指海洋中行驶的大船。boat一词指河中行驶的小船。另外：aeroplane（英国英语），airplane（美国英语），飞机（正式用语）； plane，飞机（非正式用语）。
语法 Grammar in use
此刻进行时（2）
（请参见 Lessons 31～32语法部份。）
此刻进行时的形式是由be的此刻时形式+此刻分词形式组成。当句中主语名词为复数或人称代词为第2人称或第3人称复数时，be的此刻时形式应为are。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．jump v.
（1）跳跃；跃过：
They are jumping a ditch.
他们正跃过一个深沟。
They jumped off the wall and ran off.
他们从墙上跳下去跑掉了。
（2）略去；跳过：
He jumped the first grade in college.
他跳过大学一年级（指跳级直接升入二年级）。
（3）突然上升；猛增：
They jumped the registration fees from ￡20 to ￡50.
他们把注册费从20英镑涨到50英镑。
His company's profits jumped surprisingly last year.
他所在公司去年的利润令人惊异地飞速增加。
2．sleep
（1）v.睡觉：
He sleeps for only 4 hours every night.
他每夜只睡4个小时。
I was so excited that I could hardly sleep.
我兴奋得无法入眠。
（2）n.睡眠；睡觉：
He had a good sleep last night.
他昨天夜里睡得很畅快。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 34
A
1 She is typing a letter.
2 She is making the bed.
3 He is coming.
4 The sun is shining.
5 He is giving me some magazines.
B
1 What are the men doing?
They're cooking a meal.
2 What are they doing?
They're sleeping.
3 What are the men doing?
They're shaving.
4 What are the children doing?
They're crying.
5 What are the dogs doing?
They're eating bones.
6 What are the women doing?
They're typing letters.
7 What are the children doing?
They're doing their home-work.
8 What are the women doing?
They're washing dishes.
9 What are the birds doing?
They're flying over the river.
10 What are they doing?
They're walking over the bridge.
11 What are the man and the woman doing?
They're waiting for a bus.
12 What are the children doing?
They're jumping off the wall
Lessons35-36
1．This is a photograph of our village.这是咱们村落的一张照片。
句中of是介词，表示“……的”。又如：
the windows of a room 房间的窗户
2．It is between two hills. 咱们的村落座落在一个山谷当中。
句中It指village。between是介词，表示“在……（二者）之间”。又如：
The man is standing between two policemen.
那个男人正站在两名之间。
3．along the banks of the river, 沿着河岸。
along为介词，表示“沿着”。
4．He is swimming across the river.他正横渡小河。
across为介词，表示“通过”某个平面。
5．beside a park，位于公园隔壁。
beside为介词，表示“在……隔壁”。
语法 Grammar in use
短语动词
短语动词一般是指后面常跟一个介词或副词短语的动词，即动词+介词或副词小品词。英语（非凡是在非正式的、惯用的英语）中存在着一种用动词短语代替与其同义的单个动词
的强烈趋势。如听到敲门声，咱们会说Come in而可不能用Enter来表达。最多见的短语动词是由英语中最短小和最简单的动词组成的，这些动词常与表示位置或方向的词组合，如along, down, in, off, on, out, over, under等。例如：
The cats are running along the wall.
猫正沿着墙跑。
The children are jumping off the branch.
小孩们正从树枝上跳下来。
不仅一个单个动词能够同大量的介词或副词小品词一路组成短语动词，而且一个短语动词本身也可能有几种不同的意义。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．go into
（1）走进；进入：
He is going into a shop.
他正走进一家商店。
（2）进入；介入：
They're going into the business world.
他们正步入商界。
2．sit on
（1）坐在……上：
The children are sitting on the grass.
小孩们正坐在草地上。
（2）%26lt;口%26gt;拖延；压下：
They are trying to sit on the bad news as long as possible.
他们正试图尽可能拖延时刻不把那个坏消息讲出去。
3．run along
（1）沿着……跑：
The dogs are running along the river banks.
狗正沿着河岸奔跑。
（2）离开；走开：
It's getting dark, we must run along.
天黑了，咱们得走了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 36
A
1 He is swimming across the river.
2 She is sitting on the grass.
3 The cat is running along the wall.
B
1 Where is the man going? He's going into the shop.
2 Where is the woman going? She's going out of the shop.
3 Where is he sitting? He's sitting beside his mother.
4 Where are they walking? They're walking across the street.
5 Where are the cats running? They're running along the wall.
6 Where are the children jumping? They're jumping off the branch.
7 Where is the man standing? He's standing between two policemen.
8 Where is she sitting? She's sitting near the tree.
9 Where is it flying? It's flying under the bridge.
10 Where is the aeroplane flying? It's flying over the bridge.
11 Where are they sitting? They're sitting on the grass.
12 Where are the man and the woman reading? They're reading in the living room
Lessons37-38
1．What are you going to do now, George?你此刻预备干什么，乔治？
be going to，是打算、预备、按打算在最近做某事，表示以后。请参见本课语法部份。
2．Pink's＝Pink is。
3．It's for my daughter, Susan.是为我的女儿苏珊做的。
Susan作my daughter的同位语。
语法 Grammar in use
以后时 be going to
（1）以后时be going to的形式由am/is/are going to +动词原形组成。
（2）以后时be going to的用法
A表示“打算”、“预备”在最近做某事。（在非正式语体中，一样多用be going to，而不用will。）
I am going to put it on the floor.
我打算把它放在地板上。
He is going to paint the bookcase tomorrow.
他预备明天给书架刷漆。
B表示按打算、安排要发生的事：
The meeting is going to begin at nine.
会议将在9点开始。
Where are you going to build the road?
你们将在什么地址筑路？
C表示预言一件事即将发生：
The meeting is going to begin at nine.
会议将在9点开始。
It's going to rain!
天要下雨了！
She's going to faint!
她要晕倒了！
（3）be going to的疑问式与否定式
将助动词be提至句首可将陈述句变成一样疑问句。如：
George is going to paint it pink.
乔治打算把它刷成粉红色。
Is George going to paint it pink?
乔治打算把它刷成粉红色吗？
在助动词后面加上not能够取得否定句。如上句可变成：
George is not going to point it pink.
乔治不打算把它刷成粉红色。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．paint
（1）v.上漆，涂：
What colour is George going to paint it?
乔治预备把它漆成什么颜色的？
（2）v.（用颜料）画：
Who painted this picture?
这幅画是谁画的？
（3）v.描述；刻画：
His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe.
他的小说刻画了有关欧洲乡村生活的宁静画面。
（4）n.油漆；涂料；颜料：
Wet Paint!
油漆未干！
I bought a box of paints.
我买了一盒颜料。
2．work
（1）v.工作；劳动：
He works 45 hours per week.
他每周工作45个小时。
（2）v.从事职业：
He works as a bank clerk.
他是一名银行职员。
（3）v.学习；做作业：
If you work hard, you'll pass your exams.
假设你用功的话，你就会考试通过。
（4）n. 工作；劳动；作业；职业：
He wants to have a good sleep after a day's work.
在一天的工作以后，他想好好睡上一觉。
The students finished all their work in class.
学生们当堂把全数作业都完成了。
He is without work.
他失业了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 38
A
1 What are you doing? We are reading.
2 What are they doing? They are doing their homework.
3 What is he doing? He is working hard.
4 What are you doing? I am washing the dishes.
B
1 What are you going to do?
I'm going to shave.
What are you doing now?
I'm shaving.
2 What are you going to do?
I'm going to wait for a bus.
What are you doing now?
I'm waiting for a bus.
3 What are you going to do?
I'm going to do my homework.
What are you doing now?
I'm doing my homework.
4 What are you going to do?
I'm going to listen to the stereo.
What are you doing now?
I'm listening to the stereo.
5 What are you going to do?
I'm going to wash the dishes.
What are you doing now?
I'm washing the dishes.
Lessons39-40
1． Don't do that.不要放在那儿。
在英文中需用祈使语气来表示直接的命令、建议等多种用意。而祈使句的否定式那么由Don't（或Do not）+动词原形组成，又如课文中的Don't drop it!（别摔了！）等句子。
（请参见本课语法部份。）
2．Give it to me.把它给我。
在第21课有give me a book如此的句型，在本课中又显现了give it to me的句型。
在动词give后面能够有两个宾语：即直接宾语（指物，如a book, it）和间接宾语（指人，如me）。假设直接宾语置于动词give以后，间接宾语之前那么带to。再比较一下以下句式：
Show her the magazine. 给她那本杂志。
Show it to her. 把它给她。
Give me that knife. 给我那把小刀。
Give it to me. 把它给我。
3．in front of，在……前面。
有别于in the front of，在……的前部。
4．There we are!就放在那里!
在那个地址表示说话人的知足心情，可明白得为“好了”、“行了”等。
语法 Grammar in use
祈使句的否定缩略式
形式为Don't（或Do not）+动词原形，如：
Don't wait!
别等了！
Don't speak to me like that!
别那样跟我发言！
利用祈使句时，重音、语调、手势和脸部表情，尤其是情境和上下文，都说明这种形式用于表示是不是友好、不客气、愤怒、不耐烦、有说服性等。一样而言，祈使句的否定式通经常使用Don't来表示，完整形式Do not要紧用于正式文告中。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．drop v.
（1）（失手）落下；掉下；放下：
Be careful! Don't drop it.
警惕！别摔了。
She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone.
她放下刀叉赶紧去接。
（2）（使）淌下；滴水：
Tears dropped from her face.
泪珠从她的脸上滑落。
（3）（使）下降；降低：
He dropped his voice.
他把声音放低了些。
Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8℃ below zero.
昨天气温下降到了摄氏零下8度。
2．send v.
（1）送给；寄：
She is going to send a letter to her sister.
她预备给她的姐姐寄封信。
I'll send him a present.
我将给他送去一件礼物。
（2）差遣；命（或请）……去：
He sent his secretary for a doctor.
他派他的秘书去请医生了。
Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries.
她母亲常常差遣她去商店买些杂货。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 40
A
1 Send that letter to George.
2 Take those flowers to her.
3 Show that picture to me.
4 Give these books to Mrs. Jones.
5 Give these ice creams to the children.
B
1 I'm going to put it on.
2 I'm going to take them off.
3 I'm going to turn them on.
4 I'm going to turn it off.
5 I'm going to put it on.
6 I'm going to take it off.
7 I'm going to turn them on.
8 I'm going to turn it off.
9 I'm going to turn them off.
10 I'm going to turn it on
Lessons41-42
1．Not very.不过重。
是It is not very heavy的省略形式。口语中回答下列问题时，常把主语、动词和宾语都省略，只剩一个副词、一个副词词组或一个动词不定式短语等.
2．Put it on this chair.把它放在这把椅子上。
it指bag。在没有扶手的椅子上用on，在有扶手的椅子上用in。如：
sit on a chair坐在椅子上
sit in an armchair 坐在扶手椅里
3．cheese, bread, soap, chocolate, milk, sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco
这些词都是不可数名词。不可数名词前面不能加a或an，也没有复数形式。假假想表示“一些”之意，可用some，any等词。some用于确信句，any用于否定句和疑问句。（可参见Lessons 27～28语法部份。）
假设要表示“一块”、“一张”、“一条”等，需加如a piece of这表示数量的短语。本
课表示数量的短语还有：
a loaf of 一个
a bar of 一条
a bottle of 一瓶
a pound of 一磅
half a pound of 半磅
a quarter of 四分之一
a tin of 一听
4．a loaf of bread，一个面包。
指西餐中切成片吃的整个面包。
5．a bar of chocolate，一块巧克力。
指一长条巧克力糖。这种外形的巧克力有时也可称为一块巧克力。
语法 Grammar in use
there＋be结构（3）
当there＋be后跟单数名词或不可数名词时，动词be的一样此刻时形式为is；当后面跟复数名词时，动词用are。假设后跟几个并列名词，而第一个名词是单数，动词仍用is。there＋be后面的名词是句子的主语。如：
There is a hammer on the bookcase.
书箱上有个鎯头。（单数名词）
There is some tea in the cup.
杯子里有些茶水。（不可数名词）
There are three bottles of milk on the table.
桌子上有3瓶牛奶。（不可数名词，用复数量词修饰）
There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.
课桌上有一枝钢笔、两本书和一把小刀。（第一个并列名词是单数）
也请参见Lessons 19～20和Lessons 27～28语法部份。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．bar n.
（1）条；块：
He has just had a chocolate bar.
他方才吃了一块巧克力。
（2）（门、窗的）闩；杆：
He is now behind bars.
他此刻被关在牢狱里。（bar指窗上装有铁栅栏，behind
bars是一种非正式固定用语，意为in prison，关在牢狱里。）
（3）酒吧（间）：
The bar is very crowded.
酒吧里人很拥堵。
2．pound n.
（1）磅；常衡磅（分成16盎司，等于千克，略作1b.）；金衡磅（分成12盎司，等于千克，略作1b. t.）：
It weighs 15 pounds.
它的重量为15磅。
Give me a pound of sugar, please.
请给我1磅糖。
（2）英镑（英国货币单位，简写为￡，全称为pound sterling）：
The shirt costs me ￡ 20.
买这件衬衣花了我20镑。
Half a pound of coffee costs one pound.
半磅咖啡的价钱是一英镑。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 42
A
1 Is there any bread in the kitchen?
2 There's a loaf on the table.
3 There's some coffee on the table, too.
4 There isn't any chocolate on the table.
5 There's a spoon on that dish.
6 Is there any soap on the dressing table?
B
1 Is there a spoon here?
Yes, there is. There's one on the plate.
2 Is there a tie here?
Yes, there is. There's one on the chair.
3 Is there any milk here?
Yes, there is. There's some on the table.
4 Is there a hammer here?
Yes, there is. There's one on the bookcase.
5 Is there any tea here?
Yes, there is. There's some on the table.
6 Is there a vase here?
Yes, there is. There's one on the radio.
7 Is there a suit here?
Yes, there is. There's one in the wardrobe.
8 Is there any tobacco here?
Yes, there is. There's some in the tin.
9 Is there any chocolate here?
Yes, there is. There's some on the desk.
10 Is there any cheese here?
Yes, there is. There's some on the plate.
Lessons43-44
1． Can you make the tea, Sam? 你会泡茶吗，萨姆？
make the tea,泡茶。句中can是英语中最多见的几个情态助动词之一，请参见本课语法部份。
2．behind，在……的后面。
与in front of（在……前面）互为反义词。
3．The kettle's boiling!水开了!
那个地址的kettle =water in the kettle。用容器来指代容器内的东西是一种修辞格，叫借代（metonymy/i'mtnmi/）。
语法 Grammar in use
can(1)
can是英语中最经常使用的几个情态助动词之一，它本身不表示动作，只表示体力或脑力方面的能力或客观可能等。它必需与其他动词连用，本身没有性和数的转变。如：
I can see some coffee on the table.
我能看到桌子上的一些咖啡。
Can Sam read this book?
萨姆看得懂这本书吗？
can的否定形式为can not, cannot或can't（省略式）：
I can't see any coffee.
我看不见什么咖啡。
He can't find the cups.
他找不到杯子。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．find v.
（1）找到；寻得：
It is most important to find a suitable person for the job.
找到一名适合做这项工作的人是相当重要的。
Where are the cups? I can't find them.
杯子放在哪儿
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 44
A
1 I can see some spoons, but I can't see any knives.
2 I can see some hammers, but I can't see any boxes.
3 I can see some coffee, but I can't see any loaves of bread.
4 I can see some cupboards, but I can't see any shelves.
5 I can see Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown, but I can't see their wives.
6 I can see some cups, but I can't see any dishes.
7 I can see some cars, but I can't see any buses.
B
1 Is there any milk here?
Yes, there is. There's some in front of the door.
2 Is there any soap here?
Yes, there is. There's some on the cupboard.
3 Are there any newspapers here?
Yes, there are. There are some behind that vase.
4 Is there any water here?
Yes, there is. There's some in those glasses.
5 Is there any tea here?
Yes, there is. There's some in those cups.
6 Are there any cups here?
Yes, there are. There are some in front of that kettle.
7 Is there any chocolate here?
Yes, there is. There's some behind that book.
8 Are there any teapots here?
Yes, there are. There are some in that cupboard.
9 Are there any cars here?
Yes, there are. There are some in front of that building.
10 Is there any coffee here?
Yes, there is. There's some on the table
Lessons45-46
1．Can you come here a minute please, Bob? 请你来一下好吗，鲍勃？
句中的 a minute是时刻状语，表示“一会儿”、“片刻”。又如：
Wait a minute, please.
请稍等一会儿。
2．She's next door. 她在隔壁。
那个地址 next door起副词作用，作表语。
语法 Grammar in use
can(2)
can是情态助动词，表示“能力”。情态助动词的否定式由情态助动词加not组成；疑问句中将情态助动词置于句首，后接句子的主语和要紧谓语动词。又如：
Can Penny and Jane wash the dishes? 彭尼和简会洗盘子吗？
Yes, they can. 是的，她们会。
can本身没有人称或数方面的转变。它还能够与疑问词一路用在非凡疑问句中。如：
What can Penny and Jane do? 彭尼和简会干什么？
They can wash the dishes.她们会洗盘子。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．lift v.
（1）提；抬；举：
Can you lift this heavy suitcase?
你能提起那个繁重的衣箱吗？
The elderly lady lifted her eyes from the book.
那位年长的女士从书本上抬起眼睛。
（2）提高；弄高……地位：
This polity lifted Chinese exports of silk.
这项提高了中国丝绸的出口量。
2．make v.
（1）制作；制造：
She is going to make a very big birthday cake.
她预备做一个超级大的生日蛋糕。
Hollywood can make the most famous film stars in the world.
好莱坞能够造就世界上最闻名的影星。
（2）产生，引发，致使：
You have made a serious mistake.
你犯了一个严峻的错误。
Don't make so much noise, please!
请别这么大肆喧闹！
（3）整理；料理；预备：
She is now making the bed for a guest.
她此刻正为客人铺床。
The coffee is made.
咖啡煮好了。
3．terrible adj.
（1）恐怖的；骇人的：
This is a picture of terrible new weapons.
这是一张恐怖的新式武器的图片。
（2）困难的；费力的：
Who can accomplish this terrible task?
谁能完成这项艰巨的任务？
（3）极度的；超级严峻的：
I've got a terrible headache.
我头疼得厉害。
（4）＜口＞糟透的；很蹩脚的：
She is terrible at maths.
她的数学很蹩脚。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 46
A
1 They can type these letters.
2 She can make the bed.
3 You can swim across the river.
4 We can come now.
5 We can run across the park.
6 He can sit on the grass.
7 I can give him some chocolate.
B
1 Can you type this letter?
Yes, I can.
What can you do?
I can type this letter.
2 Can Penny wait for the bus?
Yes, she can.
What can she do?
She can wait for the bus.
3 Can Penny and Jane wash the dishes?
Yes, they can.
What can they do?
They can wash the dishes.
4 Can George take these flowers to her?
Yes, he can.
What can he do?
He can take these flowers to her.
5 Can the cat drink its milk?
Yes, it can.
What can it do?
It can drink its milk.
6 Can you and Tom paint this bookcase?
Yes, we can.
What can you and Tom do?
We can paint this bookcase.
7 Can you see that aeroplane?
Yes, I can.
What can you do?
I can see that aeroplane.
8 Can Jane read this book?
Yes, she can.
What can she do?
She can read this book.
Lessons47-48
1．Yes, I do. 是的，我喜爱。
是一句确信的简略回答。假设是不是定的回答，那么应为No, I don't. I like…和 I don't like…这两个句型是别离表示“我喜爱
／想要……”和“我不喜爱／想要……”的惯经常使用法。
2．black coffee, 不加牛奶或咖啡伴侣的清咖啡。
加牛奶的咖啡叫 white coffee. black在有些搭配中不译为黑色的，如：
black tea 红茶
3．序数词 1st～12th
1st----first 2nd----second 3rd----third
4th----fourth 5th----fifth 6th----sixth
7th----seventh 8th----eighth 9th----ninth
10th----tenth 11th----eleventh 12th----twelfth
英语中序数词必需与定冠词（the）连用。尽管有时不在形式上表现出来，在朗诵的时候也必需加上the。如：the 1st month （第1个月），the twelfth century（12世纪）。
语法 Grammar in use
一样此刻时（1）
一样此刻时可用以陈述此刻时段内发生或存在的事件、动作或行为。这些事件、动作或情景说不定会无穷地延续下去。但事实上，咱们的意思那么是在说“这是此刻存在着的状况”。一样此刻时还能够表示普遍真理和适应性的动作。如：
I like black coffee.
我喜爱喝清咖啡。
I don't want any milk in my tea.
我想给我的茶中加什么牛奶。
My father works in a bank.
我父亲在一家银行工作。
I get up at 7.
我7点钟起床。
The earth goes round the sun.
地球围着太阳转。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．like v.
（1）喜爱：
I like that sweet girl.
我喜爱那个可爱的姑娘。
John likes Chinese food.
约翰喜爱吃中国菜。
（2）想要；希望有：
Would you like some coffee?
你要不要来点咖啡？
How does Ann like her coffee?
安想喝什么样的咖啡？
2．want v.
（1）想要；希望：
I want some sugar.
我想要些糖。
I want you to try.
我希望你试试。
（2）需要：
Those drooping flowers want water.
那些正在枯萎的花朵需要水分。
My leather shoes want cleaning.
我的皮鞋需要擦擦了。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 48
A
1 The aeroplane is flying over the village.
2 The ship is going under the bridge.
3 The children are swimming across the river.
4 Two cats are running along the wall.
5 The boy is jumping off the branch.
6 The girl is sitting between her mother and her father.
7 The teacher is standing in front of the blackboard.
8 The blackboard is behind the teacher.
B
1 Yes, I do.
I like honey, but I don't want any.
2 Yes, I do.
I like bananas, but I don't want one.
3 Yes, I do.
I like jam, but I don't want any.
4 Yes, I do.
I like oranges, but I don't want one.
5 Yes, I do.
I like ice cream, but I don't want any.
6 Yes, I do.
I like whisky, but I don't want any.
7 Yes, I do.
I like apples, but I don't want one.
8 Yes, I do.
I like wine, but I don't want any.
9 Yes, I do.
I like biscuits, but I don't want one.
10 Yes, I do.
I like beer, but I don't want any.
Lessons49-50
1．What about some steak? 来点牛排吗？
句中What能够换成How，用来征求对方观点或意见。请参看Lessons 31～32课文详注。
2．to tell(you) the truth, 老实说，说实话。
它经常使用于句首，作句子的附加成份，表示说话人对所说话语的态度：
To tell you the truth, I don't like his new car at all.
给你讲实话，我一点儿也不喜爱他的那辆新车。
3．序数词13th～24th
13th----thirteenth 14th----fourteenth 15th----fifteenth
16th----sixteenth 17th----seventeenth 18th----eighteenth 19th----nineteenth 20th----twentieth 21st----twenty-first 22nd----twenty-second 23rd----twenty-third 24th----twenty-fourth
语法 Grammar in use
1．选择疑问句
含有or的问句称为选择疑问句。or之前的部份读升调，以后
的部份读降调。这种疑问句不能简单地用Yes或No 来回答。选择疑问句把选择的余地缩小在数量有限的事物、行动等上面，能够有无穷性的选择、3项选择和两项选择。选择疑问句通常能够采纳缩略形式，如：
Beef or lamb?
牛肉仍是羔羊肉？
选择疑问句的例句如：
What would you like to drink?
你喜爱喝什么？（无穷性选择）
Which/What would you prefer, tea or coffee?
茶和咖啡，你喜爱哪一种？（两项选择）
Would you like tea, coffee, or milk?
你喜爱茶、咖啡、仍是牛奶？（3项选择）
How shall we go, by bus or by train?
咱们怎么走？乘公共汽车仍是坐火车？
Did you go there, or didn't you?
你去了那儿仍是没有去？
Did you or didn't you go there?
你是去了仍是没有去那儿？
2．一样此刻时的单数第3人称形式
（可参见 Lessons 47～48语法部份。）
辞汇学习 Word study
1．too adv.
也，还（经常使用于确信句，有时也用于疑问句，但不能用于否定句。常见于句末，而且too前常有逗号；假设不在句末，too前后都应当有逗号）：
I like lamb, too.
我也喜爱小羊肉。
Can I come, too?
我也来，行吗？
I, too, have been to Shanghai.
我也到过上海。
2．either adv.
也，而且（一样用于否定句，位于句末，前面通常有逗号）：
He doesn't like the house, and I don't like it, either.
他不喜爱这所屋子，我也不喜爱。
If you do not go, I shall not go, either.
假设你不去，那么我也不去。
I haven't seen the film and my sister hasn't either.
我没有看过那部电影，我妹妹也没看过。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 50
A
1 He likes coffee, but I don't.
2 She likes tea, but he doesn't.
3 He is eating some bread, but she isn't.
4 She can type very well, but he can't.
5 They are working hard, but we aren't.
6 He is reading a magazine, but I am not.
B
1 Yes, he does.
He likes cabbage, but he doesn't want any.
2 Yes, he does.
He likes lettuce, but he doesn't want any.
3 Yes, I do.
I like peas, but I don't want any.
4 Yes, she does.
She likes beans, but she doesn't want any.
5 Yes, I do.
I like bananas, but I don't want any.
6 Yes, he does.
He likes oranges, but he doesn't want any.
7 Yes, he does.
He likes apples, but he doesn't want any.
8 Yes, she does.
She likes pears, but she doesn't want any.
9 Yes, I do.
I like grapes, but I don't want any.
10 Yes, she does.
She likes peaches, but she doesn't want any.
Lessons51-52
1．Where do you come from? 你是哪国人？
问对方是什么地址人。come from表示来源或籍贯。也可说：Where are you from? 在第7课中显现过类似的句子。
2．What's the climate like in your country? 你们国家的气候怎么样？
句中like是介词，不是动词，它的宾语是 What。又如：What's the weather like in spring? climate指某一地域数年间的天气情形；weather是指某个特定的时刻内晴、雨、风、雪转变。关于这种问题的回答能够是 It's very pleasant（专门好）或 It rains sometimes（有时下雨）。那个地址的it均指天气。
3．It's often windy in March. 3月里常常起风。
表示在某个月份里通经常使用介词in。类似用in的时刻短语课文中还有 in April（在4月），in June（在 6月），in September（在 9月）等等。
often（常常），always（老是，老是），sometimes（有时）都是课文中显现的表示非确信频度的副词。这些副词一样用来回答用how often 提问的问题。
语法 Grammar in use
What…(be. look, etc.) like?
咱们把What…like? 这一句型用于询问事物的状况，例如天气、气候等：
What's the weather like today?
今天天气怎么样？
What's it like today?
今天怎么样？
What's the climate like in your country?
你们国家气候怎么样？
或询问人物或事物的外观或特点：
What's your brother like?
你兄弟是个什么样子？
What's your house like?
你的屋子是什么样的？
许多形容词可用以回答What…like? 如此的问题，并可依照上下文给以笼统的或确切的信息。例如课文中表示天气或气候的形容词有pleasant（宜人的），windy（有风的），hot（热的），cold（冷的），warm（暖和的）等等。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．sometimes adv.
有时，间或：
It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold.
天气时冷时热。
Sometimes he visits his aunt who lives nearby.
他有时会去看望他那住在周围的婶婶。
2．pleasant adj.
（1）令人愉快的；舒适合意的：
The climate in my hometown is always pleasant.
我家乡的气候老是宜人而舒爽。
This study is pleasant to work in.
在那个书房里工作令人感到舒适。
（2）（人或其外表、举止等）讨人喜爱的；（性情等）和善可亲的：
She's such a pleasant girl.
她真是个可爱的姑娘。
Andrew seemed very pleasant on the phone.
安德鲁在里显得很和善可亲。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 52
A
1 We come from Germany, but Dimitri comes from Greece.
2 I like cold weather, but he likes warm weather.
3 He comes from the U. S., but she comes from England.
4 She doesn't like the winter, but she likes the summer.
5 I come from Norway, but you come from Spain.
6 Stella comes from Spain, but Hans and Karl come from Germany.
7 We don't come from Spain. We come from Brazil.
B
1 Where does she come from?
Does she come from England?
No, she doesn't come from England. She comes from the U. S.
What nationality is she?
She's American.
2 Where do they come from?
Do they come from France?
No, they don't come from France. They come from England.
What nationality are they?
They're English.
3 Where does he come from?
Does he come from France?
No, he doesn't come from France. He comes from Germany.
What nationality is he?
He's German.
4 Where does he come from?
Does he come from Italy?
No, he doesn't come from Italy. He comes from Greece.
What nationality is he?
He's Greek.
5 Where do they come from?
Do they come from Greece?
No, they don't come from Greece. They come from Italy.
What nationality are they?
They're Italian.
6 Where do they come from?
Do they come from Brazil?
No, they don't come from Brazil. They come from Norway.
What nationality are they?
They're Norwegian.
7 Where do they come from?
Do they come from Norway?
No, they don't come from Norway. They come from Greece.
What nationality are they?
They're Greek.
8 Where does she come from?
Does she come from Italy?
No, she doesn't come from Italy. She comes from Spain.
What nationality is she?
She's Spanish.
9 Where does she come from?
Does she come from Norway?
No, she doesn't come from Norway. She comes from France.
What nationality is she?
She's French.
10 Where does he come from?
Does he come from the U. S.?
No, he doesn't come from the U. S. He comes from Brazil.
What nationality is he?
He's Brazilian.
Lessons53-54
1．in the North=in the north of England.
North的首字母大写，是因为它单独利用，特指英国的北部。表示一个国家或地域的方位词一样要大写。本课中的方位词均表示国家的一部份：
in the East 在东部
in the West 在西方
in the South 在南方
可是，仅仅表示方位意义的方位词不需大写。如：
a north wind 北风
a south window 南窗
2．Which seasons do you like best? 你最喜爱哪些季节？
句中的best是副词well的最高级，作状语，修饰like。
3．The sun rises early and sets late. 太阳升得早而落得晚。
句中的early和late都是副词，别离修饰动词rises和sets，作状语。注意the sun中定冠词的用法。在英语中，表示世界上并世无双的东西（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙）的名词之前通常需加定冠词。
4．favourite subject of conversation, 最喜爱谈论的话题。
英国人见面时谈话一般是从天气开始的。一方面这与英国的自然地理情形有关，另一方面那么与英国人的民族性格有关。谈论天气是任何人都可同意的话题，而且这可幸免介入令人为难的或侵入私人领域的话题。
语法 Grammar in use
like (v.)与like (prep.)
like(v.)表示“喜爱”、“想要”（请参见 Lessons 47～48辞汇部份），而like(prep.) 表示“像……一样”：
His car is like mine.
他的汽车跟我的那辆一样。
She is very like her sister.
她和她姐姐相像极了。
The new building looks like a big bird.
那座新建筑看上去像是一只大鸟。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．mild adj.
（1）（天气等）温暖的；暖和的：
They had an exceptionally mild winter last year.
他们那儿去年冬季出奇地暖和。
The climate in the South is always mild and pleasant.
南方的气候老是温和宜人。
（2）（性情等）温和的：
John is a mild man who never raises his voice.
约翰是一个温和的人，他从不举高嗓门说话。
I like his gentle and mild voice.
我喜爱他那温和而轻柔的声音。
（3）（食物等）味淡的：
Try this mild curry.
试试这种淡味咖喱。
He likes to smoke mild cigars.
他喜爱抽淡味雪茄烟。
2．rise v.
（1）（日、月等）升起；上升：
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
The curtain rises at p. m.
剧在晚上8点钟开演。
（2）（河水、物价、温度等）上涨；升高；增加：
The level of the river is still rising.
河水水位仍在上涨。
（3）起身；起床：
My mother always rises early.
我母亲老是很早起床。
The house rose to the singers.
全场起立向歌唱演员们致意。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 54
A
1 Does the sun set late?
The sun doesn't set late.
2 Does he like ice cream?
He doesn't like ice cream.
3 Does Mrs. Jones want a biscuit?
She doesn't want a biscuit
Lessons55-56
1．go to work, 上班。
由动词 go引导的短语课文中还有：go to school（上学），请注意 work, school和 bed之前不带任何冠词。
2．stay at home, 呆在家里。
go to bed（上床睡觉）。
与 stay home在意思上相差无几。前者中的 home是名词，后者中的home是副词。
3．do the housework, 料理家务。
housework是不可数名词。请比较：do the homework（做作业）。
4．at night, 在夜里。
若是说某日夜里，那么用介词 on:
on the night of June 2 在6月2日的夜里
语法 Grammar in use
一样此刻时（2）
（请参见 Lessons 47～48语法部份。）
一样此刻时用于表示一个适应动作、有规律的行为和永久的现象。一样与时刻频度副词和时刻短语连用。这些时刻短语有：
every day/week/month/year 每日／周／月／年
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午／下午／晚上
at noon/night 在正午／夜里
第3人称单数的谓语动词需加以变位，这可分为几种情形：
（1）直接加 -s，如：
come----comes
arrive----arrives
（2）以 -sh, -ch, -o 和 -s结尾的动词加 -es，如：
wash----washes
go----goes
watch----watches
do----does
（3）以辅音加 -y结尾的动词，把 -y改成 -i，再加 -es；而元音加 -y结尾的动词，只加 -s即可：
hurry----hurries
carry----carries
play----plays
stay----stays
辞汇学习 Word study
1．arrive v.
（1）抵达；到来：
We arrived home early.
咱们很早就抵家了。
The train is expected to arrive in London at 8. 20 p. m.
火车估量在晚上8点20分抵达伦敦。
（2）（时刻等）来临；（婴儿）诞生：
At last the day of graduation arrived.
毕业的那一天终于来临。
Elizabeth's baby arrived at midnight.
伊丽莎白的婴儿是在午夜时分避世的。
2．live v.
（1）居住；生活：
Frank lives in Paris.
弗兰克居住在巴黎。
Where do you live?
你住在哪儿？
（2）活；生存：
Fish can't live long out of water.
鱼离开水活不了多久。
My grandmother lived until she was 94.
我祖母活到了94岁。
（3）过生活；享受生活乐趣：
At 40 he was just beginning to live.
他到40岁才方才开始过上富成心义的生活。
You haven't lived till you've been to Paris.
你没到过巴黎就算不上享受过生活。
（4）靠……生活（by/on）：
He lives by playing the violin.
他靠拉小提琴为生。
He lives on the fortune left to him by his father.
他靠他父亲给他留下的财产生活。
3．stay v.
（1）呆在，停留：
Mrs. White stays at home every day.
怀特太太天天都呆在家中。
（2）停留；暂住：
We were staying at the same hotel.
咱们住在同一家饭馆。
（3）持续；保留：
The house has to stay exactly as it was.
Lessons57-58
1．by car, 乘汽车。
by（乘坐）表示“乘坐（某种交通工具）”，但它必需与动词连用。表交通工具的名词前不加冠词：
by boat 搭船
by bus 乘公共汽车
by plane 乘飞机
by sea 搭船
2．on foot, 步行。
语法 Grammar in use
一样此刻时与此刻进行时
一样此刻时表示一样的动作或不断重复发生的动作；此刻进行时表示说话时正在发生的动作，动作尚未完成。简单图示如下：
一般现在时表示永久的情况；进行时表示暂时的情况。
进行时只用于表示动作或偶尔发生的事件（We are eating, it is raining等等）。有些动词（如 like, want, know等）不是动作动词，因此不能用进行时态，如不能说 I am knowing或We are liking，而只能说 I know或 We like。
一样此刻时表达某个适应性动作，通常与时刻频度副词连用，如 usually, always, often, sometimes, never等；此刻进行时表示现在此刻正在进行的动作，一样与 now, at
the moment, today, this afternoon, this evening, tonight等连用。
We usually watch television at night. But we are listening to the stereo tonight.
咱们通常晚上看电视。可是今晚咱们正在听立体声节目。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．play
（1）v. 玩，做游戏：
The children are playing in the garden.
小孩们正在花园里玩耍。
（2）v. 参加（体育活动、竞赛等）：
Let's play chess!
咱们来下棋吧！
He likes playing basketball.
他喜爱打篮球。
（3）n. 玩耍；娱乐：
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作而不娱乐会令人变呆的。
2．cook
（1）v. 烹饪；煮，烧：
She cooked a lovely meal for her husband.
她为丈夫做了一顿美餐。
The beef is not cooked enough.
牛肉煮得不够熟。
（2）n. 厨子，炊事员：
Tom works as a cook in a local restaurant.
汤姆在本地的一家餐馆当厨子。
My dad is really a good cook.
我爸爸烹饪手艺特棒。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 58
A
1 She usually drinks tea in the morning, but this morning, she is drinking coffee.
2 They usually play in the garden in the afternoon, but this afternoon, they
are playing in the park.
3 He usually washes the dishes at night, but tonight he is washing clothes.
B
1 What does she usually do in the morning?
She usually drinks tea in the morning.
What is she doing this morning?
She is drinking coffee.
2 What do they usually do in the afternoon?
They usually play in the garden in the afternoon.
What are they doing this afternoon?
They are swimming in the river.
3 What do you usually do in the evening?
I usually cook a meal in the evening.
What are you doing this evening?
I am reading a book this evening
Lessons59-60
1．writing paper, 信纸。
paper意为“纸”、“纸张”时是不可数名词，一张纸应是 a sheet of paper或 a piece of paper。类似的名词还有：glue(a bottle of glue一瓶胶水）；chalk(a box/piece of chalk一盒／枝粉笔）；ink (a bottle of ink一瓶墨水）。
2．I only have small boxes. 我只有小盒的。
boxes后省略了 of chalk。
3．Do you want one? 您要一盒吗？
one代替 one small box of chalk。
4．What else do you want? 您还要什么吗？
What else…? 能够看成是表示疑问的一个句式，意思是“还有什么……吗？”else常接在疑问代词、不定代词及疑问副词后面，表示“另外”、“别的”、“其他的”。又如：
Who else is from New York?
还有谁是从纽约来的？
When else shall we meet again?
什么其他的时刻咱们再会面？
What else did he say?
他还说了些什么？
语法 Grammar in use
完全动词 have（1）
完全动词have的意思相当于“拥有”、“具有”
have当“拥有”讲时，可用于所有的一样时态，却不能用于进行时态（is having, are having等）。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．change n.
（1）找头；零钱：
Here is your change.
这是你的零头。
I have no change about me.
我身旁没有零钱。
（2）转变；转换：
Roast beef is a welcome change from the usual tasteless food.
烤牛肉与平素无味的饭菜比起来实在是一种让人欣喜的转变。
Let's go to a French restaurant for a change.
咱们去家法国餐馆吧，换换口味。
2．size n.
（1）（衣服、鞋、帽等的）尺码，号：
What size does she want?
她想要几号的？
This blouse is your size.
这件衬衣是你这号尺码的。
（2）（尺寸、体积、规模、身材等的）大小；（数量）多少：
There are houses of all sizes in that town.
那个镇上有着大大小小各式屋子。
We have chosen some boys all of the same size.
咱们选出了一些个头一样高的男小孩。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 60
A
1 I don't have any grapes, but I have some peaches.
2 I don't have any tomatoes, but I have some potatoes.
3 I don't have any mince, but I have some steak.
4 I don't have any glue, but I have some ink.
5 I don't have any envelopes, but I have some writing paper.
B
1 I don't have any honey, but I have some jam.
2 Penny and I don't have any beans, but we have some potatoes.
3 Penny and Sam don't have any wine, but they have some beer.
4 Sam and I don't have any bread, but we have some biscuits.
5 Sam and Penny don't have any grapes, but they have some bananas.
6 I don't have any mince, but I have some steak.
Lessons61-62
1．fell ill, 感觉病了；look ill, 看起来有病。
前者指自我感觉，后者指外表形象。ill是表语，look和feel都是系动词，可像am/is/are那样，后面跟形容词。
2．…so he must stay in bed for a week.……因此他必需卧床休息一周。
so表示“因此”、“因此”。for能够引出一段时刻，表示某个动作持续多少时刻。又如：
for two hours each day 天天两小时
3．That's good news for Jimmy. 对吉米来讲，这可是个好消息。
句中的news是不可数名词，不是复数形式。在英语中，有些以-s 结尾的名词可作单数利用，又如：mumps（腮腺炎），measles （麻疹）。
4．She has a headache. 她头疼。
依照现代英语适应，headache前经常使用不定冠词a。其他ache型的复合词也多用不定冠词，如：an earache（耳疼），a toothache （牙疼），a stomach ache（胃疼）。
5．take/have an aspirin, 服／吃一片阿司匹林。
6．have a temperature, 发烧。
语法 Grammar in use
1．完全动词 have（2）
have（和 have got）常与表示疼痛和疾病的名词连用。关
于与这种名词连用的不定冠词a/an的用法可有几种情形：
（1）必需用不定冠词，如 a cold（伤风），a headache（头疼），a sore throat（嗓子疼）：
I have a headache/cold
我头疼／伤风了。
（2）不定冠词可用可不用，如 catch(a)cold（患伤风），have(a)backache/stomach ache/toothache（患背痛／胃痛／牙疼等）：
I've had(a) toothache all night.
我牙疼了一整夜。
（3）复数形式的疾病名称前面不用冠词。如 measles（麻疹），mumps（流行性腮腺炎），shingles（带状疱疹）：
Most children are in bed with mumps.
大多数小孩们都得了流行性腮腺炎，躺在床上。
（4）被以为不可数的疾病名称前面不用冠词，如flu（流行性伤风），gout（痛风），hepatitis（肝炎）等：
I was in bed with flu for ten days.
我因患流感，卧床10天。
the也能够与 flu，measles和 mumps等词连用，如：
He's got the flu/the measles/the mumps
他得了流感／麻疹／腮腺炎。
2．must(2)
must是情态助动词（如can一样），它本身没有时态、性或数的转变，也不能单独作谓语动词（简短回答除外）。must表示“必要性”，即某人必需做某事。（请参见 Lessons 29～30语法部份。）
辞汇学习 Word study
1．feel v.
（1）感觉；感到；意识到：
I could feel rain on my face.
她感觉到雨点打在我的脸上。
He's feeling a little better today.
他今天感觉好点了。
（2）摸，触；（客体）给人某种感觉：
He felt his pockets and then took out a small box.
他摸摸他的口袋，然后掏出一个小盒子。
The silk feels very smooth.
丝绸摸上去很滑爽。
（3）以为；以为；相信：
I feel that he has made a mistake.
我以为他犯了一个错误。
I feel it unnecessary to do so.
我以为如此做没必要。
2．remember v.
（1）记得；回忆：
Lessons63-
1．play with, 玩……（东西）。
The children are playing with a toy car in the garden.
小孩们正在花园玩一辆玩具汽车。
2．make a noise, 弄作声响。
noise是抽象名词。抽象名词是不可数的，前面加不定冠词a并非意味一、二、3、4等数量，只是给予那个名词具体的含义，如一次、一种、一例、一番等。又如：
have a rest 休息一下
take a look at…
看一眼……
3．lean out of the window, 把身子探出窗外。
out of是介词短语，与 in或 into相对，表示“离开”、“离开”。
语法 Grammar in use
禁令
don't与mustn't都可用来表示禁令。用mustn't表示“禁止”或“不准可”，语气比较强烈。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．keep v.
（1）使维持某状态；维持：
Keep the room warm.
使房间维持温暖。
Keep the fire burning.
不要让火熄灭了。
（2）保留；保留：
He would not be able to keep his job.
他恐怕保不住他那份工作了。
If you like it, just keep it.
你若是喜爱的话，那把它留下来吧。
（3）保守；储藏：
Please keep this secret.
请保守这一秘密。
Would you keep my things for me while I'm away?
在我离开的这段时刻里，你能为我保管一下东西吗？
2．remain v.
（1）留下；停留：
You'd better remain at home.
你最好留在家里。
We're going to remain in Rome for another two days.
咱们预备再在罗马停留两天。
（2）维持不变：
It will remain cold for a couple of days.
天气还将持续冷几天。
Most people remained silent at the meeting.
多数人在会上维持沉默。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson
A
1 Jimmy is better now but he mustn't get up yet.
2 Jimmy has a cold and he must stay in bed.
3 Jimmy can get up for two hours each day.
4 Jimmy often reads in bed.
5 Jimmy listens to the stereo, too.
6 Jimmy doesn't feel ill now.
B
1 Don't take any aspirins!
You mustn't take any aspirins!
2 Don't take this medicine!
You mustn't take this medicine!
3 Don't call the doctor!
You mustn't call the doctor!
4 Don't play with matches!
You mustn't play with matches!
5 Don't talk in the library!
You mustn't talk in the library!
6 Don't make a noise!
You mustn't make a noise!
7 Don't drive so quickly!
You mustn't drive so quickly!
8 Don't lean out of the window!
You mustn't lean out of the window!
9 Don't break that vase!
You mustn't break that vase!
Lessons65-66
1．What are you going to do this evening, Jill? 今晚你打算干什么，吉尔？
由every, this, next等词开头的时刻状语前面通常不加介词。
2．I'm going to meet some friends, Dad. 我打算去看几个朋友，爸爸。
dad和mum前如没有所有格代词或名词所有格作修饰语，就特指自己的父母亲，要大写。father和mather也是如此。
3．Jill's eighteen years old, Tom. 吉尔都18岁了，汤姆。
表示“几岁”，一样由基数词+ year(s) old组成。在口语中，year(s)old往往能够省去，而只用数字表示年龄。如：
She is eighteen.
她18岁。
4．That's all right. 不用谢。
当他人表示感激时，能够作出如是回答。还能够说You're welcome/Not at all/Don't mention it。
5．Bye-bye. 再会。
非正式的辞别语，语气较随意。非正式的辞别语还有 So long,See you或 I'll be seeing you等。正式的辞别语是 Goodbye，而夜里向人辞别时用 Good night。
语法 Grammar in use
1．反身代词
（1）当宾语和主语是同一个人时，一样需要用反身代词：
He cut himself when he was shaving this morning.
今天早晨刮胡子时，他把脸刮破了。
The old lady is talking to herself.
那位老太婆正在喃喃自语。
（2）反身代词也可与名词连用，表达“确实是那个人而不是他人”的意思：
We went there ourselves.
咱们自己去那儿了。
They wanted to finish the work themselves.
他们想靠自己来完成这项工作。
2．时刻与日期
（1）钟点表达法
在某个钟点的1到30分钟内，咱们经常使用 past表示，如8点20分时咱们能够说twenty past eight；若是时刻是在某个钟点的31分到下一个整点，咱们那么经常使用介词to，但要注意钟点及分钟的变换。如6点47分咱们通常会将之换算为7点差13分，即 thirteen to seven。
以上两种情形也能够用直接读出钟点和分钟的方式来表达：
eight twenty 8点20分
six forty-seven 6点47分
表示在什么时刻通常都需用介词 at：
He goes to school at 7. 30.
他7点半上学。
（2）通常利用介词 on表示礼拜几（如 on Monday在礼拜一）、一天中的某段时刻（如 on Monday morning在礼拜一早上）、日期（如 on April 1st在4月1日）、礼拜几+日期（如 on Monday,April 1st在4月1日，礼拜一）、具体时刻（如 on that day在那一天）、周年纪念日（如 on your birthday在你的生日）和节日（如 on Christmas Day在圣诞节）等。
辞汇学习 Word study
1．enjoy v.
（1）过得快活：
She enjoyed herself in the vacation.
她假期过得愉快。
（2）乐于；喜爱：
I enjoy your company.
我乐意与你呆在一路。
（3）享有，享受：
We all enjoy our legal rights.
咱们都享有自己的合法权利。
2．hear v.
（1）听见：
He listened but could hear nothing.
他留意地听，但什么也没有听到。
Do you hear?
你听见了吗？
（2）倾听，认真听：
Please hear her.
请听她讲。
Lessons67-70
1．hundreds of, 数以百计的。
这是用来表示不定数量的复数形式。类似的结构还有thousands of（数以千计的）， millions of（数以万计的）。但必需注意：说 five hundred（五百，500），six thousand（六千， 6，000），two million（两百万，200万）等时，hundred, thousand, million 这些词因为之前有具体数字而本身不加-s。
2．at the race, 观看竞赛。
那个地址的at是“出席”、“在某场合”的意思。
3．Our friends Julie and Jack were there, too.咱们的朋友朱莉和杰克也去了。
Julie and Jack是 Our friends的同位语。
4．car number fifteen, 第 15号车。
在表示编了号的东西时，能够用基数词表示顺序：
Lesson 67 第 67课
Page 2第 2页
Bus No. 332第 332路公共汽车
Question 10第 10个问题
语法 Grammar in use
用介词at, on和in的时刻短语
（1）用介词
at的时刻短语通常可表示：确切的时刻（如 at 10 o' clock 10点钟时），用餐时刻（如 at lunchtime午饭时），其他时刻（如 at noon中午时），节日（如 at Christmas圣诞节时），年龄（如 at the age of 27 27岁时）等。
介词at可表示地址，通经常使用于某个小地址之前：
at the bus－stop 在公共汽车站
at the railway station在火车站
at the butcher's在肉店
at school 在学校
at the office 在办公室
at home在家
（2）介词on用于周和月份中的任何一天之前。请参见Lessons 65～66语法部份。
（3）用介词in的时刻短语通常可表示：一天中的某段时刻（如 in the evening在晚上），月份（如 in March在 3月），年份（如 in 1997在 1997年），季节（如 in spring在春天），世纪（如 in the 20th century在20世纪），节日（如in Easter week在复活节那一周），时期（如 in the holidays在假期里）等。
辞汇学习 Word study
1． stand v.
（1）站立，起立：
We were standing on the right.
咱们那时站在右边。
They stood because there were no seats.
没有座位，因此他们只好站着。
（2）（建筑物）直立，屹立；（植物）直立生长：
The white house stands on a hill.
那幢白色的屋子屹立在小山上。
Look at the corn standing in the fields!
瞧那长在地里的玉米！
2．finish n.
（1）终止；最后时期（或部份）：
The finish of the race was very exciting.
竞赛的最后一个时期十分兴奋人心。
At eleven the dinner finally dragged to a finish.
宴会拖到11点才终止。
（2）完美，完善；（举止等）优雅：
His dancing lacks finish.
他的舞跳得并非完美。
We hoped that four years of college would give him some finish.
咱们希望4年的大学教育会使他有些教养。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 70
A
1 We were at the stationer's on Monday.
2 We were there at four o'clock.
3 They were in Australia in September.
Lessons71-72
1．What's Ron Marston like, Pauline? 波琳，朗·马斯顿是如何一个人？
What is sb. like? 这一句式可用来询问某人的外貌或品行。就本课的具体情形而言，波琳的回答更多地是指马斯顿的品行如何。
2．He telephoned me four times yesterday…他昨天给我打了4次……
four times, 4次。 time在英语中作不可数名词时表示“时刻”；作可数名词时表示“次数”。请注意英语中次数的表示法：
once 1次
twice 两次
three times 3次
3次或 3次以上通常都用基数词+ times表示：
five times 5次
thirty times 30次
3． the day before yesterday, 前天。
4．answer the telephone, 接。
口语中也经常使用 answer the phone。类似的短语如：
answer the door／doorbell应声开门
answer a letter回信
5．She can't speak to you now! 她此刻不能同你发言！
speak to sb. 意为“与某人说话”。例如打时能够说：
May I speak to Pauline, please?
请让波琳接好吗？
I' d like to speak to Pauline, please.
我想请波琳听。
6．This is Pauline's mother. 我是波琳的母亲。
This is…是英美人打时表示“我是……”的句式，而不说
I'm…。相关的用语如：
This is Mary speaking.
我是玛丽。
This is Edward calling from London.
我是爱德华，现正在伦敦给你打。
语法 Grammar in use
一样过去时（2）
（请参见 Lessons 67～68语法部份。）
be动词之外的动词在一样过去时中一样有两种形式。规那么动词一样是在动词后面加-ed，如 answered；以-e结尾的规那么动词加-d，如 telephoned, arrived。另一部份
动词的过去式拼写不规那么，因此称为不规那么动词，如：say----said, do----did。
用一样过去时的句子中常常有表示过去某一时刻的时刻状语，如本课中的 yesterday（昨天），the day before yesterday（前天），yesterday morning（昨天上午），yesterday afternoon（昨天下午），yesterday evening（昨天晚上），last night（昨夜）。
辞汇学习 Word study
answer
（1）v. 对……作出反映；响应：
Who answered the telephone?
谁接的？
Mary took a few minutes to answer the door.
玛丽拖了几分钟时刻才去开门。
（2）v. 回答；回答：
I don't think you've answered my question.
我以为你没有回答我的问题。
I wrote him several letters but couldn't get an answer.
我给他写了好几封信，可都没有回音。
（3）n. 答案；解决方法：
Do you know the answer to Question 10?
你明白第10题的答案吗？
This is one of the possible answers to today's environmental problems.
这是有可能解决现今环境问题的方法之一。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 72
A
1 It is raining now. It rained yesterday
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