高考英语培优训练--介词专练及答案
一、单项选择介词
1.Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, ______ he could see nothing but trees. A.where C.which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查定语从句。句意:下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。he could see nothing but trees.为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词at the second-floor windows,故用from where,相当于and from at the second-floor windows,而from where 比where具体形象,故选B。 【点睛】
From where 引导定语从句的用法。用于引导非限制性定语从句,在意义上相当于 and from there(从那儿)。如:
He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他躲在一棵树上,从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。
We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬上屋顶,从那儿可以很好地观看游行。
Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了.他从那里除了树木什么也没看到.(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…,and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体.
2、She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光.(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…,and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可变为from which,也可直接用where引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体.
B.from where D.from which
2.We charge parcels ________ weight, rather than individual units. A.in honor of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词短语。句意:我们根据包裹的重量,而不是包裹的件数收费。A. in honor of为了对……表示敬意;B. in contact with与……有联系,接触;C. in terms of根据,在……方面;D. in connection with与……有关,有联系。表示根据什么计费。故选C。 【点睛】
B.in contact with
C.in terms of
D.in connection with
rather than是一个并列连词。用法如下:
与would连用时,构成“would rather…than…”句式,意思是“宁愿…而不愿…”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择一个。
不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是…而不是…;与其…不如…”,它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
3.Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______ the average. A.below 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词。句意:去年是有史以来最暖和的一年,全球气温比平均高出0.68摄氏度。A. below (the average)平均以下;B. above (the average)平均以上; C. about (the average)平均水平;D. on(the average)平均。根据Last year was the warmest year on record可知此处用“平均以上”符合语境。故选B项。
B.above
C.about
D.on
4.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are __________everyone's enjoyment. A.in 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词。句意:不要摘花园里的花行吗?它们是供大家欣赏的。此处表示目的,“为了”的意思,故用介词for。短语to everyone's enjoyment“让大家开心的是……”,只做状语; 短语for everyone's enjoyment“为了每个人的快乐”。故选C。
B.at
C.for
D.to
5.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? A.about C.with 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】
B.to D.over
考查介词辨析。句意:你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家?home to sth 固定搭配,表示……家园。该句是一个疑问句,其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes _______animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes_____ animals both on land and sea.
根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。故选B。 【点睛】
本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力。当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候,比如含有从句或疑问句时,要划分句子成分。对于疑问句,首先把它转化为陈述句,然后找出句子的主谓宾,把那一些修饰成分去掉,最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.
6.A serious study of physics is impossible _______ some knowledge of mathematics. A.against C.beyond 【答案】D 【解析】
介词辨析。句意:不掌握一定的数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行系统地研究的。against:反对,违反;before:在…之前,先于;beyond:超过;越过;without:没有;在……外面。选D。 考点:介词/介词短语
B.before D.without
7.(北京)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old. A.among C.behind 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】
B.against D.below
考查介词。句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于……之间; be against 反对; be behind 在……后面; be below在……之下。根据句意,故选A。 【点睛】
对于介词辨析题目,首先可以从句意着手,看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键,其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查,学生在平时的学习中要勤积累,多记忆,多多积累,以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出,还有的是一些固定搭配,需要了如指掌。
8.These comments came ______________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A.in memory of C.in touch with
B.in response to D.in possession of
【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 纪念, B. in response to回应,C. in touch with联系,D. in possession of拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处为介词短语起连接状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。
【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式,本句另外还含有一个过去分词(asked by local newsmen)作定语的用法。 【详解】
请在此输入详解! 【点睛】
请在此输入点睛!
9.In salute to our national flag, every citizen must stand while focusing their eyes on the rising flag. A.at ease 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:向国旗致敬时,每位公民必须立正,眼睛注视着升起的国旗。A. at ease安逸;B. at random随便地;C. at attention全神贯注;D. at hand在手边。stand at attention“立正”符合句意。故选C项
B.at random
C.at attention
D.at hand
10.Everybody was touched ______ words after they heard her moving story. A.without C.against 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词辨析。句意:听到她的感人故事之后,每个人感动得无法用语言来形容。A. without没有;B. beyond超越;C. against反对;D. despite尽管。beyond words表示“在言语之外”,即不能用言语来表达,也就是“无法形容”了。故B选项正确。
B.beyond D.despite
11.I am always delighted to receive your letters. ______ being short, they bring much relief when I know that you are safe. A.In terms of B.With regard to C.On account of D.In spite of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:收到你的来信我总是很高兴。虽然很短,但当我知道你平安无事时,它们给我带来了很大的安慰。A. In terms of依据;B. With regard to关于;C. On account of由于;D. In spite of尽管,根据题意,故选D。
12.________ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture. A.But for C.Thanks to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:由于你慷慨的帮助,我相信我对你的国家和文化有了更好的理解。A. But for要不是;B. Out of由于,无感情色彩;C. Thanks to幸亏;由于;D. As to至于;关于。因为I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture表示\"我相信我对你的国家和文化有了更好的理解\",所以前半句应该表示原因和感谢,所以用Thanks to表示\"幸亏,由于\",故选C。
B.Out of D.As to
13.Among customers there are different preferences __________ what is attractive. A.in honor of 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:句意:在顾客中,就什么招人喜爱而言,他们有不同的喜好。in honor of为了向……表示敬意;in place of代替;in need of需要;in terms of就……而言,选D。 考点:考查词组辨析
B.in place of
C.in need of
D.in terms of
14.Britain is a \"second-rate power\" which has been ________ for a century—yet London remains the most influential city in the world. A.in decline C.on the move 【答案】A 【解析】
B.in effect D.on the rise
试题分析:考查词组。in decline一般是数量上的,如销售额下降,战争减少。但也指“国家衰落”等;in effect有效,实际上,事实上;on the move在行动,在移动中,在进步中,流动;on the rise在上涨[增长],蓬勃高涨。句意:虽然英国作为曾经的第二大帝国已经衰落了将近一个世纪,但是伦敦仍然是世界上最有影响力的城市。故选A项。 考点:考查词组
15.__________ his skyrocketing popularity , Korean film star Kim Soo-kyun (金秀贤) will meet Asian fans, covering China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and South Korea. A.With regard to B.In response to C.In spite of D.In terms of 【答案】B
【解析】B考查介词短语。句意:在回应他的人气暴涨,韩国电影明星金Soo-kyun(金秀贤)将满足亚洲球迷,覆盖中国、日本、泰国、新加坡和韩国。A关于;B对…回应;C尽管;D依据,按照。故选B。
16.When reading the lines, readers can connect the literature to their own experience. A.with B.for C.beyond D.on 【答案】C
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:当读者读出言外之意时,他们可以将文学与他们自己的经历联系起来。reading beyond thelines“言外之意”是固定短语。故选C。
17.We didn't travel much during the holiday, ______because of the tight budget, but also because of the huge crowds. A.in turn 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们假期没怎么旅行,一部分是因为紧张的预算,还因为是人太多。A. in turn依次,反过来;B. in part一部分;C. in vain徒劳;D. in effect实际上。根据but also because of the huge crowds.可知,“没钱”只是部分的原因。故选B。
B.in part
C.in vain
D.in effect
18.All children should get access to a high-quality education _______ their race, zip code or family income.
A.due to B.regardless of C.apart from D.depending on 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. due to由于;B. regardless of不管;C. apart from且不说;D.
depending on根据。句意:所有的孩子都应该获得高质量的教育,无论他们的种族、居住地区和家庭收入如何。根据句意可知此处表示“无论、不管”,故B项正确。
19.It is advised that our living expenses should be ________ our economic conditions so that we can live within our means.
A.in control of B.in line with C.in contrast with D.in advance of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查词组。A. in control of控制; B. in line with与------一致; C. in contrast with与------形成对比; D. in advance of在------前面。句意:有人建议我们的生活费用应该与我们的经济条件相适应,这样我们才能量入为出。结合句意可知答案为B。
20.I am _____exercise, but it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.in search of C.in response to 【答案】B 【解析】
我赞成运动,但是在就寝之前运动不是一个好主意。in search of 寻找, in favour of 赞成, in response to 回答,in relation to涉及,选B。
B.in favour of D.in relation to
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