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土壤水稳性大团聚体测定方法综述_图文(精)

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第3 期 王秀颖等: 土壤水稳性大团聚体测定方法综述 111 3. 4 筛目的选择 通常以粒径 0. 25 mm 将土壤团聚体分为大团 [27 , 57 ] , 聚体和微团聚体 因此, 要将大团聚体和微团 聚体分开, 需首先选用 0. 25 mm 孔径的筛子。 对于 > 0. 25 mm 的团聚体, 若要继续分为若干粒径, 则可 以根据实验目的选择具体筛目; 对于 > 0. 1 mm 的微 团聚体, 也可进行筛分, 对于更细 ( < 0. 1 mm ) 的土 性显著增大。采用单一的湿润方式不能适用于不同 的研究目的及土壤条件, 为了更全面地了解土壤团 可同时采用常压快速 聚体稳定性及粒径分布特征, 湿润和常压慢速湿润( 或真空湿润) 2 种方式对土样 进行预湿。湿筛过程中振动速度不能太快, 以免对 团聚体造成破坏。筛目可以根据实验目的选择。 容易堵塞筛孔, 影响测定结果的准确型, 故用吸 粒, [33 ] [11 ] 管法 。R. E. Yoder 进行团聚体粒径分析时, 2、 1、 0. 5 、 0. 25 和 0. 1 mm; 所选用的筛组孔径为 5 、 [58 ] P. Sarah 等 研究耶路撒冷地区土壤团聚体的

平 6、 4. 7 、 4、 3、 2、 1、 0. 5 和 均质量 粒 径 时, 采 用 了 7、 [27 ] 0. 25 mm 共 9 个 孔 径 的 筛 子; I. Stavi 等 在 P. Sarah 等[58]的基础上增加了 8 、 0. 125 和 0. 062 mm 3 [59 ] ; C. Legout 1 和 0. 5 mm 孔径 个孔径 等 则采用 2 、 的筛 子,< 0. 5 mm 的 用 激 光 粒 度 仪 测 定。 W. D. Kemper 等[1] 认 为, 利用式( 1) 计算平均质量粒径 1、 0. 5 和 0. 2 mm 的筛子会使计算结果偏 时, 选用 2 、 2、 1 和 0. 21 mm 的筛子结果较好, 高, 而采用 4. 76 、 区别在于后者孔径范围更宽。 进行团聚体稳定性分析时, 一般采用 1 个孔径 [38 ] W. D. Kemper 、 W. D. Kemper 等[2]、 的筛子即可, F. Candan 等[42] 以及 M. N. Wuddivira 等[52-53] 均选 用 0. 25 mm 孔径的筛子, 用 > 0. 25 mm 团聚体含量 [42 ] 作为 团 聚 体 稳 定 性 指 标。 F. Candan 等 认为 > 0. 25 mm的团聚体对土地利用和管理的变化最为 [60 ] > 0. 5 、 敏感。H. Cotler 等 则同时计算了 > 0. 25 、 > 1、 > 2 和 > 4. 75 mm 等各粒径的比例, 来衡量团 5 参考文献 Size distribution of aggregation[ M] ∥Black C A,Evans D D,Ensminger L E,et al. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling. Madison,Wisconsin,USA: American Society of Agronomy,Inc. , 1965 : 499510 [ 1] Kemper W D, Chepil W S. [ 2] Kemper W D,Rosenau R C. Aggregate stability and size distribution[M] . 2nd ed. ∥ Klute A. Methods of soil analysis: Part 1. Madison,WI: ASA and SSSA,1986 : 425442 [ 3] Ghildyal B P,Tripathi R P. Soil Physics[M] . New 1987 : 87116 Delhi,India: Wiley Eastern Limited, [ 4] Hillel D. Environmental Soil Physics[ M] . London,UK: Academic Press, 1998 [ 5] DíazZorita M,Perfect E,Grove J H. Disruptive methods for assessing soil structure[ J] . Soil & Tillage Research, 2002 ,

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和真空湿润减小了对团聚体的破坏 使团聚体稳定

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