英语音标基础学习及练习

英语音标学习

认识几个定义：

1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位。

2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。

3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。

4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段。

一个可以为单个元音（如I/aɪ/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）。

单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。

5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。

6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it, pen, pick等）。

7、重读 在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。

8、清音和浊音（辅音） 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。

音标基础学习

一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个

元音

1. 长短：/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/

2. 大小：/e/ /æ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/

3. I组：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/

4. U组：/əʊ/ /aʊ/

5. ə组：/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/

清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/

浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /ŋ/ /ǀ/ /w/ /j/

注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/

二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音 a

1. /ei/ name able cake table take date

2. /æ/ apple cat map am match matter sad and angry

3. /ɑ: / dance last pass plant

4. /כ/ want what watch wash

5. /ə/ a arrive along alike aloud

e

1. /i:/ he she me evening meter

2. /e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty February next

then send

3. /i/ enjoy English eleven because forest

i

1. /ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind

2. /i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him listen

pick river

o

1. /əu / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano

2. /כ/ dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop

3. /ʌ/ son month mother love young

4. /u:/ who do whose

u

1. /ju: / use usually excuse menu

2. /ʌ/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must

3. / u / put pull helpful

b /b/ book big bag box

c

1. /k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes

2. /s/ face nice pencil city cinema

d /d/ desk doll dog dad day don’t dish does deep

f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funny

g

1. /ɡ/ gun glass glad go get

2. /dʒ / age orange village

h /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospital

j / dʒ/ jeep jacket jump Jan. July June

k /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like

l

1. /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play

2. /l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale

m /m/ am map my mouth milk

n

1. /n/ no know new hand

2. /ŋ/ thank think thing uncle swing

p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman

q /kw/ quite quilt quick

r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library

s

1. /s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass

2. /z/ nose those rose rulers season

t /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plant

v /v/ five very seven village live

w /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with

x /ks/ box six fox relax

y

1. /ai /my fly why bye

2. / j / yes yellow young yesterday

3. / i /happy baby very windy snowy study

z / z / zoo zero

三、常见字母组合

（一）元音组合

ai /ei/ wait paint

ay /ei/ may play day say

air /εə / air hair chair

al /ɔ:/ tall small ball

ar /α: / farther farm car arm

ea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ②/e/ head bread ready ③/iə/ theater

ear ①/ iə / ear hear near ②/εə/ bear ③/ə:/ earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep

eir /εə/ their

er ①/ə/ worker teacher ② /ə:/ her

ere ①/iə/ here ②/εə/ where there

ew ①/ju: / new few ②/u: / flew grew

ight /ai / right high bright

ir /ə: / bird girl shirt thirty

oa /əu/ boat coat

ong /oŋ/ long song

oo ①/u/ book foot good ②/u:/ moon balloon

or ①/ɔ:/ short fork port ②/ə: / word world work

oor /ɔ:/ door floor

ore /ɔ:/ more store sore

ou /au/ out house mouth

our ①/ɔ:/ four your ② /auə/ our

ow ① /əu/ bowl window ② /au/ now cow flower

oy /oi/ boy toy

ur /ə: / turn

（二）辅音组合

th ① /θ/ thank mouth ② / δ/ this that with

tr /tr/ tree train truck

dr /dr/ dress driver

sh /∫/ shirt wash short

ch ①/t∫/ child chair catch ② / k / school Christmas dз/ sandwich

tw /tw/ two twin twenty

wh ① /w/ white wheel what ② /h/ who whose whom

③ /

ts /ts/ jackets kites

ds /dz/ birds friends

（三）特殊组合 tion /∫n/ question nation

四、单词重音（word stress）

英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。

含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].

由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny ['fʌnɪ] ，famous ['feməs]

由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs]

英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“ ’”表示，如about [ə'baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody ['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary [,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ]，grandfather ['grænd,fɑðɚ]。

四．句子重音（sentence stress）

一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，

介词）不重读。

英语音标练习题

一、口语练习

（一）读出下列单词：

1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/

/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/

bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will

/pæk/ /gæp/ /træʃ/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /′setl/ /di′pend/

pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend

2. /a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/

/ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /stɔ:m/ /nɔ:t/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ /fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/

mask past France storm naught fox sock far large mark

/θɔt/ /prɔmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/

thought promise loose took mood through pull wood

3. /ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/

/dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/

dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck

/kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/ /pə′hæps/

curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps

4. /ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/

/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/

kape great main propose motion stone over sight

/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/

rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster

5. /iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/

/viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kə′lʌmbiə/

veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia

6. /θ/ /ð/

/mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/

month thief that than faith together thank themselves

（二）、绕口令：

1. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.

2. A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.

3. If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.

4. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.

5. If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watch? Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch?

6. She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.

二、笔头练习：

（一）. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词

( ) 1. A. tea B. meat ( ) 2. A. back B. fast ( ) 3. A. warm B. garden ( ) 4. A. school B. tooth ( ) 5. A. June B. ruler ( ) 6. A. go B. no ( ) 7. A. push B. fun ( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. weather C. have C. market C. choose C. put C. cold C. sun C. officer D. beach

D. map

D. party D. good D. menu

D. hot

D. ugly

D. over

( ) 9. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about

( ) 10.A. too B．classroom C．broom D．afternoon

( ) 11. A. yellow B．brown C．window D．know

( ) 12. A．these B．they C．brother D．three ( ) 13. A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please

( ) 14. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps

（二）．根据音标写单词：

[fa:] _______ [da:ns] _______ [mu:n] _______

[kait] _______ [′hæpinis ] _________ [′priti] _______

[′fæmili] _______ [tə′geðə] _______ [fɔks]

[tju:b] [flai] [flæg] _______

['mu:nkeik] _______ ['indiə] _______ ['djuəriŋ] _______

[snəu] _______ ['si:zn] _______ [di'liʃəs] _______

['jestədei] _______ [in'dʒɔi]_______ ['mid,ɔ:təm] _______

[tʃeindʒ] _______ ['deindʒə] ______ ['nɔizi] _______

[mju(:)'ziəm] _______

（三）根据音标写句子：

1. auə kla:s iz nɔt veri big . __________________________

2. bʌt its aiz a: nɔt big . __________________________

3. ðɛə a: siks kla:siz in greid wʌn .

______________________________________________________

4. wi: kæn si: it æt ðə zu: . ___________________________