冠词

I、冠词的分类

冠词可以分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。 I、冠词的用法 一、不定冠词的用法

不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前；而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。

例如：The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana.

1．用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate. 2．表示一类人或物。 A tiger is a dangerous animal. 3．第一次提到某人或某物。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 4. 在一些固定搭配中

a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等 二、定冠词的用法

定冠词（the）是 this/these/that/those的总称，放在名词前，表示特定的事物或人。

1. 第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠词the

Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine. 2. 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window? 3. 放在序数词前。

Monday is the second day of the week. 4. 放在形容词最高级前。 He is the tallest boy in our class. 5. 表示世上独一无二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun.

6. 定冠词放在姓氏复数前，表示“„„一家”。 The Greens are from Australia. 7. 定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal.

8. 定冠词和形容词连用，也可以代表某类人或物。 the poor the bad the rich the good 9. 演奏某项乐器时，乐器前需加the。如： play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin 10. 在一些固定搭配中。如：

in the morning in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头 三、零冠词的用法

1. 复数名词前不加冠词可以表示一类人和事物

Noodles are my favorite. 2. 洲、国家、城市前不用冠词 We live in Asia.

3．不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。 Would you like to drink water?

4. 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；

It is very cold in winter in Beijing. 5. 在姓名前不加冠词。 She is Mrs. Henry Black.

6. 在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football. 7. 在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如： go to school go to bed sit at table stay in bed 练习题

一、单项选择。

1. He often has ________ egg and some milk for breakfast. A. / B. a C. the D. an 2. ---What’s the trouble with Lingling?

---She doesn’t go to________ school and stay in _____bed now.

A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a

3. ---Do you have _______ dictionary?

---No, but Lucy has ______ new dictionary on the bookshelf.

A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _______ earth is round.

A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There is _______ “L” in the word “LUCK”. A. a B. the C. an D. / 6. I hope you have ______ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. _______ Whites are having dinner together. A. A B. The C. An D. /

8. There is _______ orange and some pineapples in the basket. A. the B. / C. a D. an 9. Lisa has _______ hat. ______ hat is very beautiful. A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; / 10. I’m watching_______ movie. It is about_______ interesting love story.

A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an 二. 句子改错。每句中有一个错误，请改正。 1. July is a seventh month of the year. 2. We wait here for half a hour.

3. Students often play the football after school. 4. It’s an European wolf.

5. They often have a supper in a restaurant. 6. Smiths are talking happily. 7. Are you from the America? 8. Panda live in China.

9. On the Sunday we don’t go to school. 10. Do you know richest man in the village? 三、阅读理解。

Exercising is good for our health. Everyone knows that exercise is important. We all need exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. Children often exercise. There are different kinds of exercise. You can walk, run, swim, skate, or play ball games. Make sure you exercise in the following ways: you have to like what you’re doing. Exercise enough but not too much. It’s best to exercise twice a week. Thirty minutes each time is enough. Try all kinds of things until you find one, two or three sports that feel right for you.

Exercising can be fun. People can exercise alone, or they can play sports together. How do you exercise?

根据短文内容，判断下列句子正（T）、误（F）。 1．Exercising is good for our health.

2．Only adults（成年人）need to exercise. 3．You should exercise enough but not too much. 4．It’s best to exercise once a week.

5．People can exercise alone, or they can together.

冠词the的用与不用

定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那(这)个”的意思，但较弱常不译出。

1．用在可数名词前面特指某人或某物或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物或指上文提到过的人或事，这是定冠词的基本用法。在不可数名词前及可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等；指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时不能再用the。在复数名词表示一类人或事物时不用the。

The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。

My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。 2．用在含普通名词构成的专有名词前表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前及世界上独一无二的事物；在不含普通名词构成的专有名词前不用the。

the sun； the earth ； the moon the Great wall长城，the Changjiang River

长江the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山 the United States of American 美国 the People’s Republic of China 中国 American 美国 China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijin 北京 Tom 汤母

3．在乐器名称前要用the。在学科名称、三餐饭,棋类和球类运动名称前不用the。

Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴？

I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。

Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？We are going to play football.我们去踢足球。

[注意]I can see a football.(指足球，并非“球类运动”) 4．用在序数词、形容词最高级前及形容词only,same 前面要用the

the first the second the biggest the best We are in the same class.

5．用在某些形容词前表示某一类人；与单数名词连用表示一类事物；与复数名词连用指整个群体；用在姓氏复数形式前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩’’。

the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人，the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人the dollar 美元the fox 狐狸

They are the teachers of this school. (指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。

6．在方位词前用the表示在范围内方位；不用the表示范围外的方位。

There is a tree in front of classroom 教室前面有棵树。（树在教室外面）

There is a teacher’s desk in the front of classroom教室前面有个讲台。（讲台在教室内）

7．在时间（星期、月份、季节、节日前）称呼，头衔的名词前不用the。

The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn.到中

国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。 Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao! Here it is, Mom!

Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天

是九月十日，星期四，教师节。

[注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰，则要加定冠词。

He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。

7．在某些固定词组中有些要用the而有些不能用the

all the same 仍然 all the time 一直 all the year round 一年到头 at the age of 在……岁时 at the beginning of 起初 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾 at the entrance of 在……门口 at the foot of 在……脚下 at the head of 在……的前面 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 by the side of 在……附近 by the time 到时候 by the way 顺便说 catch the post 赶上邮班 do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服give...the message 捎口信给……go to the classroom 去教室 in the end 最后；终于in the hat 戴帽子的 in the middle of the day 中午 in the

morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上 in the open air 在户外；在野外 jump the queue 不按次序排队 lead the way to 引路；指路 look the same 看起来很像 on the earth 在地球上 tell the truth 说实话 the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远 the next day 第二天 the next year 下一年 the people 人民the starting line起跑线

①与by连用的交通工具名称前

by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship ②名词词组

day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there

③介词词组

at home在家in surprise惊奇地at noon在中午on foot步行at night在晚上on duty值日at work在工作on time准时 for example例如on business经商

in school在上学on holiday在度假in class在上课on show展览 in hospital在住院on top of在……顶部 in bed在床上 ④ go短语

go home回家go to bed上床睡觉go to school去上学go to work去上班go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼 一. 冠词的练习

Choose the best answer （选择最佳答案）:

1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near_________house.

A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填

3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填

4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space. A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填 5. ______ terrible weather we`ve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What

6.------ Where is Jack? ------ I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the

7.When do you have _____breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

8. Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in ______public places.

A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填 二、例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松!

1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.

2. ---Do you like playing _________ football? ---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.

3. Do you know _______girl on ________another side of ________ lake?

4. There's ________ \"u\" and ________ \"s\" in ________work \"use\".

5. She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.

6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.

7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse? 8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.

9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young. 10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China. 11. Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.

12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.

13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.

14. Tom went to _________ school as usual, but he didn't know his father went to ________school for a parent meeting. 15. ________ knowledge begins with _________ practice. 三、在空白处填入a / an 或the。

1. ---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner? ---Dumplings.

---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much. 2. _________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927

3. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon. 4. The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.

5. The doctor to him, \"Take ________ medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and you'll be better soon.\" 6. September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day. 7. Mr Black arrived here on __________ Tuesday morning. 8. There are four seasons in _______year. ________ first season is spring. It is __________ best one of __________ four. 9. Some people have been to _________moon, in _______ spaceship.

10. _______ China is _________ old country with _________ long history

四、选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the 1.They are living ______happy life now. 2.______bag on ______desk is mine. 3.There is ______empty box on the table.

4.Do you like ______music of the film \"Titanic\"? 5.On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00. 6.______Browns have been to China twice. 7.Don't make any noise in ______class.

8.This is such ______interesting story that you must listen to it.

9.Next week they will go to Australia by ______air. 10.Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon? 五、在空白处填入a / an或the。

1. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _______ newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where I put ______ magazine.

2. I saw ______ accident this morning. ______ car crashed into ______ tree. ______ driver of ______ car wasn't hurt but ______ car was badly damaged.

3. There are two cars parked outside: ______ blue one and _______ grey one. _______ blue one is my neighbour's; I don't know who ______ owner of _______ grey one is.

4. My friends live in _______ old house in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ house. I would like to have ______ garden like that. 六、练习

1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story. A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an

2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.

A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a

3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history. A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a 4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse. A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the

5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch. A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the

6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work. A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /

7. ______ doctor told me to take ______ medicine three times ______day, stay in _____bed, then I would be better soon. A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /

8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much.

A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the 9. January is ______first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the 10. Shut _____door, please. A. a B. an C. the D./

11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. A. a B. an C. the D. /

12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

13. I like music, but I don't like ____ music of that TV play. A. a B. an C. the D. /

14. ____ girl over there is ____ English teacher. A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a

15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on the Net. A. a B. an C. the D. /

16. She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.

A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an

17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ long history, isn't it? A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a

18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher, isn't she? A. a B. an C. the D. /

19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play the guitar very well. A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-old C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old

20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ basketball.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

21.More college graduates would like to work in _______ west part of our country ______ next year. A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, / 22.We work five days ______ week. A. a B. an C. the D. /

23.-In which class is ______ boy in white? -He's in class 4. A. the B. a C. an D. /

24.-Where do you usually have ______ lunch? -At home.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

25.He hit his sister in ______ face. A. the B. her C. × D. his

26.-Have you seen ______ book? I left it here this morning. -Is it ______ Chinese book? I saw it. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a

27.There's ______“u” and ______“s” in ______word “use”. A. an, a, the B. a, an, × C. a, a, a D. a, an, the 28.-Did you see my grandmother?

-Oh, I saw ______old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.

A. a B. an C. the D. ×

29.-Do you see ______man with dog? -Oh, Yes, dog is yellow.

A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A 30.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong? A. the B. a C. an D. ×

定冠词用法小结口诀：

1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);

the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖）

2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山无峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）；

Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）.

4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the. Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,Antarctica,Oceania

5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动

baseball,basketball

6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the

America,South

The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one

7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;

The University of Fudan; Fudan University 倒装口诀：

副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。 否定意义副连词，“既不„也不”须倒装。 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。 such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。 Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。 had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。 省略口诀：

回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。 祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。 宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。 前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。

英语中有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其中诀是：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel

二听：hear、listen to 三让：let、have、make

四观看：observe、see、watch、look at

直引若是一般问，变间ifwhether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。

直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。

直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 toldaskedordered,根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后边行。

直接引语变间接引语的人称变化:

一主二宾三不变. 直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变. 名词前修饰语的顺序:

定会长大成壮年,红区才用站前排.

定,指限定词;会,指描绘性的形容词;长,指长短;大,指大小;壮,指形状;年,指新旧；区， 指地区；才，指材料；用，指用途；站前排，即依次排列。 be 的用法口诀

我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to， 说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记， 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 记住f(e)结尾的名词复数

妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词

动词后，不定式，want, hope和wish， agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且说两位算在此， 要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。

后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词

一些动词要掌握，have, let和make,

此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see， 还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，

后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记 除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，

一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch

分词做定语的位置及其它

“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。 单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。 分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。 “现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。

（注：“定分”：做定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词。） 分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义 分词做状语，概有七意义。“

时间”和“原因”，“结果”与“目的”。 “方式”加“伴随”，“条件”常出席。 且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。

欲要记住它，必须常练习。（*指句子的主语） 独立主格结构

独立结构要认清：名、代之后副或形。 或是分词或“介短”，with结构不可轻， 名代二词是其“主”，句子结构必分明。 独立结构好掌握 句中作用只一个：

千变万化皆做“状”，其中意义也不多。

“时间”“条件”和“原因”，“方式”“伴随”没别的。 “状从”和其前三个，可以互变不难学。 英语分数巧记

英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。 分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。 巧记英文信封的写法

A.可以记住汉字“尖”字，先写小地名，再写大地名。 B.将竖式汉文写法的信封，按顺时针方向旋至水平位置。这样，地址的排列顺序恰巧是英文信封的书写格式。 long before 和before long

long 在前（long before)，“很久前”， long在后(before long)，“不久后”。 巧记lie和lay

躺 lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again; 撒谎 lie,lied,lied,don't be a liar; 产蛋 lay,laid,laid,a hen laid an egg; 放置 A loy picked it up,and laid it in the bag out of question和out of the question 无the“无问题”，（毫无疑问） 有the“有问题”，（不可能） 基数词变序数词歌

基变序，有规律 词尾加上-ed(fourth,sixth) 一、二、三，特殊例， 结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth) ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth) ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。

分开“一段时间”， some time表示“一段时间”； 相聚“在某一时”，sometime表示“在某一时”； “有时”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有时，不时”； “几次”分开带s，some times表示“几次，次数”。 巧记以-o结尾加-es的词

A.“两人两菜”（hero,negro,potato,tomato)

B.一句话 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes C。有生命的加Es，无生命的加-s. 巧记不规则名词单变复

man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.

加-ing要双写的常见动词 一个m，两个d和g (swim) (nod,rid) (dig,beg) 三n，四p，十个t (run,win,begin) (dip,drop,mop,stop)

(sit,hit,fit,set,get,let,put,regret,forget,pat)

(下加线的词，构成过去式、过去分词时，也须双写尾字母） 五种基本句型歌

英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。 句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键； 系词后面接表语；vi独身无牵连； vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见， 还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。 对划线部分提问的程序

一代（用疑问词代替划线部分）， 二移（把疑问词移至句首）

三倒（颠倒主谓语，但对主语或其定语提问时除外） 四抄（照抄其它部分） 多个词修饰名词的顺序： 限冠形龄色国材 限：限定词

冠：冠词 形：形容词 龄：年龄 色：颜色 国：国家 材：材料

名词前形容词的排列顺序: 限数描大形,新色国材名 限:限制性词语the,this,my, etc. 数:数量词 描:描写性用词 大;大小,多少 形:形状 新;新旧,老少 色:颜色 国:国籍 材:材料 名:名词做定语

The two expensive small round new yellow Chinese plastic garden tables are in my room.