初中语法：形容词比较级最高级,不规则动词过去式过去分词,人称代词表 整理

1、 形容词比较级的构成： （1）规则构成的变化

一般情况 以’e’结尾的单词 辅音加‘y’结尾的单词 一个元音加辅音结尾的单词 多音节的形容词 变化规则 在词尾 + er; est 直接在词尾 + r; st 把y改为I + er; est 双写辅音字母 + er; est 在原词前 + more; most 例 great-greater-greatest wide- wider-widest happy- happier- happiest big- bigger- biggest beautiful- more beautiful- most beautiful

（2）不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级

原级 比较级 最高级 Bad/ badly/ill worse worst

far farther/further farthest/furthest Good/well better best late later latest

little less least

Old elder/older eldest/oldest Much more most

2. 七种常用的比较级句型

1）as + 原级+ as… 和„„一样 English is as important as math. This coat is as cheap as that one.

否定：not as (so) + 原级+ as… 和„„不一样；不如 Kongfu Panda 2 is not as interesting as Kongfu Panda 1. 2) 比较级 + and + 比较级, 表示“越来越„„”

When spring comes, days are getting longer and longer. My English is becoming better and better.

3) the + 比较级，the + 比较级，表示“越„„，就越„„” The harder you work, the more successful you will be. 4) less + 原级 + than, 表示“不如„„” This book is less difficult than that one. 5) least + 原级+ of （in），表示“最不„„” This is the least useful of the four books.

6) 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词，表示最高级的意义 Mike is more hard-working than any other student in his class. 7) one of + 比较级 + 复数名词，表示“最„„之一” Transformer is one of the most popular films.

3. 常用的修饰词

1) 在very, quite, rather, too, so, pretty后用形容词原级： The story is quite interesting. You are quite right.

This shirt is pretty good.

2) 在much, a little, a bit, even, still, a great deal等词后用形容词比较级： He is much stronger than you. I feel even worse today.

The shoes are a little bigger for me.

3) 形容词最高级前一定要用定冠词the, 可以用形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、序数词以及by far, nearly, almost 等词修饰，前面有形容词性物主代词和名词所有格限定时，the 可以省略： This is my busiest day.

Changjiang River is China’ s longest river. This hat is nearly the biggest.

第三

人称代词

第一人称单数

第二人称单数

第三人称单数

第一人称复数

第二人称复数

人称复数

主格 宾格

形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词

my

your

his/her/its

our

your

I me

you you

he/she/it him/her/it

we us

you you

they them their theirs 他（

汉语

我的

你的

他的/她的/它的

我们的

你们的

她、它）们的

mine yours his/hers/its ours yours

Exercise

1、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级

good/ well- _________- _________ many/ much- __________ - __________ bad/ ill- __________ - __________ 2、(1)This is my ________(old) sister.

(2)The weather is ________(bad) than that of yesterday.

(3)He goes to America for the _________(far) study（深造）. (1) (2) (3) (4)

The summer is coming. The weather becomes _____ and ______（hot）. The ______ (many) books you read, the _______(much) knowledge you know. The more you smile, the ______ (happy) you will feel.

Iphone is ______ ______ (expensive) than ______ ______ cellphone.

little –__________ - __________

far-__________/_________-__________/________ old-__________/_________-__________/_________

Iphone比任何一部手机都昂贵。 1. I think the story is not so _____ as that one.

A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting 2. This box is _____ that one.

A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 3. My mother is no _____ young.

A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few 4. These children are _____ this year than they were last year.

A. more tall

B. more taller C. very taller

D. much taller

5. It was very hot yesterday, but it is _____ today.

A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot 6. Mrs. Black has got _____ instead of getting any better.

A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse 7. Maths is more popular than _____.

A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subjects D. other subject 8. China is larger than _____ in Africa.

A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country 9. His father is _____ than his mother.

A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years. 10. This book is _____ that one, but _____ than that one.

A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive 11. Tom is stronger than _____ in his class.

A. as other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy 12. –John, is Henry your twin brother?

--Oh, yes. He is twenty minutes _____ than me

A. heavier B. elder C. taller D. older 13. Of the two coats, she’d like to choose the _____ one to save money for a book.

A. cheaper B. more cheaper C. more expensive D. expensive

不规则动词,不规则名词复数形式,不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级

1.A-A-A型（无变化的动词）

cut-cut-cut

let-let-let

hit-hit-hit

put-put-put

cost-cost-cost

read/rid/-read[red]-read[red]

2.A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat-beat-beaten

3.A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run 4.A-B-B型（动词的过去式与过去分词相同） （1）词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”

build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned mean-meant-meant

（2）把原形变为aught及ought的变化（如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought） buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-fought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught （3）eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词

keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left say-said-said meet-met-met

spell-spelt-spelt smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled hold-held-held feel-felt-felt

（4）其他

dig-dug-dug find-found-found stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood get-got-got

sit-sat-sat spoil-spoilt-spoilt have/has-had-had sell-sold-sold tell-told-told

hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid lie（说谎）-lied-lied lose-lost-lost shine-shone/shined-shone/shined win-won-won shoot-shot-shot 5.A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）in、im的变化（i-a-u型）

sing-sang-sung ring-rang-rung begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk （2）在动词原形后加－n或－en构成过去分词

①ow及aw的变化（过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾） draw-drew-drawn know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown fly-flew-flown ②元音是i的开音节的变化（过去分词以en结尾） drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written give-gave-given ③其他

see-saw-seen eat-ate-eaten take-took-taken fall-fell-fallen freeze-froze-frozen show-showed-shown

break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken choose-chose-chosen

forget-forgot-forgotten lie（躺，放）-lay-lain wear-wore-worn be（am，is，are）-was/were-been （3）其他

go-went-gone do-did-done 6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词

can-could may-might must-must shall-should will-would

hurt-hurt-hurt

不规则名词复数形式

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

（1）加－s，如：belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs

（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f（e）为v，再加－es，其他的以－f（e）结尾的名词则直接加－s变复数。

2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

（1）加s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos （2）加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes

歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这四个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。 3.表示“国家”的名词变复数

Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen

Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-Canadians American-Americans

歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余后面（如German等）加s。

4.以复数形式出现的名词

scissors剪刀 goods货物 trousers/pants/shorts裤子 clothes衣服 glasses眼镜 5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 （2）news是不可数名词。

（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。

6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数

如：man worker-men workers（男工人） woman doctor-women doctors（女医生） 7.以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es。例如： baby-babies city-cities story-stories party-parties lady-ladies diary-diaries army-armies century-centuries copy-copies 8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加－es，如：

class-classes box-boxes watch-watches speech-speeches bus-buses brush-brushes bench-benches

beach-beaches boss-bosses church-churches 9.其他不规则变化

man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth

child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice fisherman-fishermen

歌诀记忆：男人（man）？女人（woman）？a变e，鹅（goose）？足（foot）？牙（tooth）？oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）？鹿（deer） 绵羊（sheep）不用变。

[注]fish指鱼的种类时，要加上－es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。