非谓语动词学案

【学习目标】非谓语动词及其用法。

【学习方法】查阅相关语法书。自学-讨论-交流-展示

【使用说明】自学15分钟，小组讨论10分钟，组组交流5分钟，展示15分钟。 观察，讨论，发现，总结

（2011•陕西卷）短文改错Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actors. 改正:1. I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favorite actors.

2. I came across a crew who was making a new film with one of my favorite actors. 3. I came across a crew and he made a new film with one of my favorite actors.

总结：英语中，一个简单句中，只能有一套 。如果在不是谓语的位置上出现了谓语动词，我们可以采取以下方案改正① ② ③ 。在上面的例句中，改正案1中非谓语动词位于 词后面作 语，所以它可以等于2的

提示：如果是改错题，只能改正一处，所以最佳改法是第一种。

思考：如果在句子中，不在谓语的位置上出现谓语动词，如何确定选用哪种非谓语动词呢？所以，我们得先来交接一下非谓语动词的用法。

第一节 基本知识与基本概念

【什么是非谓语动词？】

用最庸俗的方式说，动词在使用中一般有六种形式：原形，单数第三人称形式，过去式形式，不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式。其中，前三种形式可以单独作谓语，而后三种则没有这个能力。

综上所述，所谓的非谓语动词指的就是动词的不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式等三种形式。与非谓语动词相关的考点也都将围绕着这三种形式展开。 【非谓语动词形式的基本特征】

一、不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式均没有“时”的标记。但不定式形式和-ing形式有“体”和“态”的特征。既前面二者有一般进行体、完成体和完成进行体之分；有主动态和被动态之分。-ed形式比较特殊，它既没有“时”的标记，也没有“体”和“态”的特征。 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 主动语态 To do To be doing To have done To have been done 被动语态 To be done 与谓语动词的关系 动作发生在谓语动作之后 与谓语动作同时发生 动作发生在谓语动作之前 1.不定式的时态（观察，归纳，总结）

现在时： I hope to see you again. 非谓语动作发生在谓语动作 （之前/之后）

完成时：如：I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作 进行时：如：He seems to be eating something. 表示动作 ，与谓语动词表示的动作

完成进行时：如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。 2.不定式的语态

He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 表示非谓语动作 的和谓语动作同时发生。

He is said to have been beaten by that tall boy before. 表示非谓语动作 的和发生在谓语动作 动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）

动名词 一般式 完成式 主动语态 Doing Having doing 被动语态 Being done Having been done 与谓语动词的关系 与谓语动作同时发生 动作发生在谓语动作之前 1

动名词的时态和语态

动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式。如： We are interested in playing chess. 非谓语动词的主动式表示动作和谓语动词

He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动作 I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.非谓语动词的否定式的构成是 We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.非谓语动词表示 分词（分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。） 现在分词 一般式 完成式 主动语态 Doing Having done 被动语态 Being done Having been done 与谓语动词的关系 与谓语动作同时发生 动作发生在谓语动作之前 （二）分词的时态 现在分词分 式和 式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。 Knowing his uncle would come，he began to make some preparations. Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

总结：现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词 ，或在谓语动词 发生。

现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作 ,常用作 语 （三）现在分词的被动式

This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. 黑体部分是 分词的 式，表 Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.黑体部分表示动作 发生在谓语动作 （四）分词的否定形式

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help. 总结：分词的否定式，由 构成 （五）分词主格结构

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the room.

以上两句中，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语 （相同/不同）时，分词短语就必须带上自己的 成为主格结构，其相当于一个 语。

作状语注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：

Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。

补充：1.非谓语动词形式可以起形容词的作用。如：

drinking water smiling faces a frozen pond boiled eggs 2. 分词作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断

all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如： 【什么是逻辑主语和逻辑宾语】

逻辑主语和逻辑宾语是老师讲解非谓语动词相关知识经常提及的两个概念。它们是针对语法主语和语法宾语提出来的。从语法上讲，只有句子的谓语动词才有资格有自己的语法上的主语和语法上的宾语，就是我们平时所说的主语和宾语。如果该动词作的不是谓语动词，那么，它的施动者和受动者就不能被称为主语和宾语，只能被称为逻辑主语和逻辑宾语（参照刚才的主格结构）。 【关系---解决非谓语动词题目的金钥匙】

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由于考查非谓语动词的题目形式变化多样，思路无常。所以，我们做起题来有不少困难。但是，有一个思路是非常可靠的，那就是从分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语或逻辑宾语之间的关系入手，这样做可能不能解决所有的问题，但绝对是一个正确的开始。称的上是打开非谓语动词题目大门的一把金钥匙。 【高考在非谓语动词范畴内的四个出题层面】

如果总结一下近几年高考在非谓语动词方面的考题，可以看出，题目均出自以下四个不同的层面： 层面一、谓语动词和非谓语动词之辨

这个层面也是介入非谓语动词知识领域的第一个层面，属于最表层的出题点。这个考点考查的是考生的最基本

的能力，既能否根据题干所给的信息判断空白处是否是非谓语动词形式的能力。如： (2012北京卷)31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock

(2012重庆卷)31. Before you quit your job, ________ how your family would feel about your decision. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered ______ his reply, so I decided to write to him again. A. Not having received B. Having not received C. Because I didn’t receive D. I didn’t receive

层面二、to do, doing, done之辨

这个出题层就已经进入了非谓语动词知识领域的内部。这三种非谓语动词的基本形式在具体的使用中有着种种不同，要求考生根据自己的掌握一一应对。典型例题如下：

_______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. A. Improving B. To improve C. Improve D. Having improved

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. (NMET1999) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. made 层面三、各非谓语动词形式内部的“体”、“态”之辨

这个层面与前两个相比更加地深入到知识的内部。利用更加细致的题干设计更加具体地考查考生对三种非谓语动词形式内部的一般进行体、完成体和完成进行体；主动态和被动态的掌握和运用能力。这个层面的考题都要求考生对题干中的几个动作之间的先后顺序，主语与动词之间，逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间的关系有比较清醒地认识。如： The boy pretended _____ when his father came in.

A. to read B. to be reading C. to have read D. to have been read The boy is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.

A. to be studying B. to have been studying C. to have studied D. to study

层面四、综合层面

以上三个层面可谓泾渭分明，层次清晰可辨。可想而知，如果所有的非谓语动词题目都这样出的话，何难之有？可现实却恰恰不是这样简单。出题人常常把这三个层次或其中的两个层次混合在一起来考查我们的能力。这样一来，才露出了非谓语动词题目的狰狞的面孔。如：

Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET1990) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited

第二节 考点分类解析

与非谓语动词相关的考点可谓层出不穷，在这里讲几个大的考点。 【考点一、不定式作宾语与动词的-ing形式作宾语的问题】

英语中能以非谓语动词形式作宾语的动词有很多。但它们的脾性并不相同。简单分类如下： （1）、经常跟不定式作宾语的动词：

afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等（必须记

住）。这些词大多是表示 意思的词。

（2）、不定式作介词but, except(除了)的宾语。（can’t choose but, can’t help but..）

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The soldiers could do nothing but wait for the order. The soldier had no other choice but to wait for the order.

The scientist cannot help but wonder, “ Are humans dying out like other animals?”

归纳总结：一般的介词后面的宾语都是 形式或名词。但这两个除外。它们两个后面用 式作宾语。一

般的考点都集中在它们后面的不定式带to还是不带的问题上。如果前面有do的任何形式或can’t，有则 （带不带）to，没有则带 （带不带）to。

（3）、以下动词或动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：

admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(错

过), practice, risk, resist, suggest 等动词。

be used to（习惯于）, can’t help(禁不住), can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on,

look forward to, devote… to, stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy, get down to, set about, have difficulty in, have a good time in 等词组。如：

注意:

①consider只有在作 解时才以-ing形式作宾语，做 解时可以接to be形式： Tom is considered to be the best driver in the team.

Tom is considering borrowing some money from the bank.

② can’t help只有作 解时才以-ing形式作宾语，做 解时接不带to 的不定式： Sorry, I’m busy preparing for the exam and can’t help clean the room Sorry, I can’t help laughing when I heard the news.

③ be used to只有作 解时才以-ing形式作宾语做 解时接不带动词原形： The knife is used to cut off the skin of the trees.

The students are used to getting up early in the morning. （4）、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, can’t help 如：

You forgot to turn off the lights last night. 表示 I forgot borrowing your money last month. 表示 (

Don’t scold him. He regretted writing in your book. 表示 I regret to inform you that Tom was fired yesterday. 表示

If nobody answers the phone at home, try calling me at work. 表示 However difficult it seems to be, you should try to do it. 表示

I meant to tell you this yesterday, but you were not in your office. 表示 Signing your name here means selling yourself to this company. 表示 注意:

He regretted taking your book without your permission.

He regretted having taken your book without your permission.

由于regret作 “后悔”解时,后面加doing或having done均表示 “ ， 因此，二者没有什么区别。有类似用法的还有admit。例如：

He admitted setting fire to the woods = He admitted having set fire to the woods.

但是，在其它动词后面，doing一般表示同时进行，而having done一般表示以前做的事情。 （5）、allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / + sb. to do sth.

这是一个学生出错率挺高的考点。因为，大家都知道如allow sb. to do sth. 这样的结构，并且烂熟于心。

所以在见到Allow等后面直接跟宾语的时候，大家的第一反应就是选择to do，这样就中了出题人的陷阱。

My parents don’t allow me to go their by plane for the sake of safety. They don’t allow smoking in this area of the campus.

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Jill’s teacher advised him to take the job in the less famous company. Jill’s teacher advised taking the job in the less famous company. The manager forbids anyone to enter his office without permission. Smoking is forbidden in this office. （6）、need, require, want +doing = + to be done

be worth +n. / + doing /// be worthy + to be done = + of being done

这个考点主要涉及到主动形式表被动意义的问题。这一点其实挺容易理解和记忆。 Your desk needs cleaning.

Your desk needs to be cleaned.

The flowers requires watering every day. The flowers requires to be watered every day.

He wants reminding of the meeting tomorrow. He is always forgetful. He wants to be reminded of the meeting tomorrow. He is always forgetful. The play is worth seeing a second time

The play is worthy of being seen a second time. The play is worthy to be seen a second time.

以上几组只是在主动或被动的形式上有所差别。意义相同。 【考点二、不定式作宾补 vs 分词作宾补的区别问题】

需要指出的是，这里的“分词”包括现在分词和过去分词两种。

如果非谓语动词结构在句子中作的是宾语补足语，那么，根据本章的解题金钥匙，我们首先需要分析的是该

动词与语法宾语之间的逻辑关系。因为这里的语法宾语就是该非谓语动词结构的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。如果二者之间是主动关系，则选择不定式或现在分词；如果是被动关系，则选择过去分词。当然，这只是普通的思路，在一些具体的语境中，可能会有一些例外。本书试图通过以下几个典型例子来加以阐述。

首先，习惯后面有宾补的动词大致有两大类：感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等和使

役动词have, make, let, get，order, request, require等。它们后面的宾补有三种形式，即：do, / doing, /和done.

I often hear the girl sing in the next room. (表示“听到姑娘唱歌的 ”) Listen, can you hear the girl singing in the next room? (表示“听到姑娘 唱歌”) I heard the girl scolded in the next room last night. (表示“听到姑娘 ”) I watched him repair the woman’s bicycle. (表示“看着他修自行车的 ”)

I noticed him crossing the street just a few minutes ago. (表示“我注意到他时，他正在过马路”) I saw him knocked down by a car. (表示“他被撞倒”)

总结，感官动词后面接不带to 的不定式表示看到，听到 。

接v ing表示 。

接v ed 表示看到听到事某人

The teacher had his students clean his office every week. (表示“让某人做某事”，强调 ) The teacher had the naughty students standing outside the classroom. (表示“让某人/某物出处于某种 状态之中) The teacher never had his students talking in class. (表示“ ”，常用于否定句中)

The teacher had his leg broken last week in an accident. （表示“ ”，并不是常见的“请别人帮忙”。） The teacher had the car driver punished by the police. （表示“ ”）

总结，使役动词后面接不带to的不定式，表示 。

接v ing表示 。

接v ed 表示

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【考点三、不定式作状语和分词作状语的区别问题】

不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作状语，表示时间、原因、目的、结果等。之所

这个知识点经常被考查，是因为这里的分支考点比较多。

首先，三者在作状语时，当然有其共同遵循的东西，即某些基本的原则。 （1）、非谓语动词形式作状语的基本原则:

a. 非谓语动词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的语法主语保持一致；例如：

Preparing dinner, I heard the doorbell ring. *Preparing dinner, the doorbell rang.

*Preparing dinner, someone rang the doorbell.

上面带星号的两个句子就是 （对/错）的。因为 b. 非谓语动词形式作状语必须和主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；

这一条原则正是我们做题时思考问题的“钥匙孔”。没有了这一条，许多非谓语动词题目就没有解题的依靠了。例如：

Walking in the street, I witnessed an accident. (I 和walk有逻辑上的 关系，因此用现在分词作状语。)

Fined in the street, I felt very angry. (I 和fine(罚款)有逻辑上的、 关系，因此用过去分词作状语。) 以上只是两个比较简单的例子。但是，他们却能向我们传达某种思路性的东西 。很多非谓语动词题目都

可以炮制这样的思路。

（2）、不定式作状语时，和其逻辑主语之间既有可能是主动关系，也有可能是被动关系。我

们可以用不定式的主、被动形式来进行调节。从意义上说，一般表示目的或结果。例如： He sat down to have a drink.

表目的 To improve his spoken English, he goes to an English Corner every Sunday. To leave a better impression on the employers, he borrowed a suit. Jack was so foolish as to believe in such a swindler(骗子). 表结果 He woke up only to find everybody else gone without him.

He hurried to the airport only to be told that his flight had taken off.

总结，不定式表目的时，可以位于 ，位于 时，用逗号隔开，在 时，则不用。不定式表结果时，经

常用在 结构中以及 词后，表示出人意料之外的结果。 观察，思考，总结

All the experts were very surprised to see me at the conference. The king got excited to hear what the two men said. I am too happy to be here with you.

总结：不定式常常接在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的 词后作表语时，后面经常跟不定式表示 。 （3）、现在分词和过去分词作状语的句法功能：

它们两个绝对不可能表示目的。一般表示的是 、 、 、 、 、 、伴随状况等。

Window-shopping along the street, Mary met an old friend.

Having finished his work, Jill went to a bar for a beer. Given more water, the tree will survive.

The boy dropped the ancient vase onto the ground, breaking it. Left behind by the bus, Tony had to walk the fifty miles to the city. 这里有两个需要说明的问题。

1、现在分词的一般式和完成式作状语时的区别问题： Drinking his wine, Mr. Li heard his name called. Having settled down, I sent my wife a massage. 总结：现在分词的一般式作状语，表示的动作和主句的谓语动词是 发生的或者谓语动词发生在状语动词

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发生的 ；现在分词的完成式作状语时，多表示状语的动作 主句谓语动词发生，并刻意强调这种先后顺序；现在你能确定下面这道高考题得答案了吗？

__________ his telephone number, we had to call his father first. A. Not knowing B. Not having known C. Knowing not D. Having not known

2、现在分词作结果状语与不定式作结果状语的区别问题： His father passed away, leaving him lots of debts. They quarreled a lot , making the matter worse.

A new kind of virus attacked my computer, destroying all my files. 总结：对比考点（２）所讲举的例子，我们不难看出，不定式作结果状语时，表示的多是“ ”或“ ”。

且在时间上没有必然的同步性。而现在分词作结果状语就不同了，它表示的多是“ ”结果。且从时间上看，多是 。现在你能确定下面这道高考题得答案了吗？

European football is played in more than eighty countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. to make B. making C. having made D. made （４）、 本考点在（１）中列举了非谓语动词形式作状语的两个基本原则，不能满足这两个原则的句子就是错误的。

正是这两个原则维持着整个考点的运转。但是，具体使用中，我们还会遇到一些特殊情况。这里举两种。

1、“主格”现象

所谓“主格”现象，指的是某些作状语的非谓语动词形式的逻辑主语明显不是主句的主语，它们有

自己的逻辑主语的现象。例如：

Her mother being ill, Mary had to stay in to look after her.

Class (being) over, the children rushed out for lunch. Time permitting, we’ll drop in on our old teacher. Heart broken, the boy burnt all the girl’s photos.

With everything settled, I went to bed early that night.

以上各个例句中的being, permitting, broken, settled的逻辑主语都不是后面主句的主语，而是自己的逻辑

主语： 。作这种题目时，我们需要分析的不再是其和主句主语之间的关系，而是，它和自己的 之间的关系。

2、“悬垂”现象所谓“悬垂”现象，是指某些作状语的非谓语动词形式的逻辑主语明显不是主句的主语，且

没有带自己的的逻辑主语的现象。例如：

Generally speaking, Tom is fit for his job.

Judging from what you said, Tom is fit for his job. Considering everything, Tom is fit for his job. To tell you the truth, you are wrong.

以上例句中的speaking, judging, considering, tell的逻辑主语明显不是后面主句的主语Tom和you。而是被隐

含了的“我”或“我们”。这种现象数量教少，且形式相对固定，属于偏的考点。近几年的高考题鲜有涉及。 【考点四、不定式、现在分词和过去分词的被动式作定语的区别问题】

不定式、现在分词和过去分词的被动式均可以作定语修饰名词性成分，且都和被修饰语有被动关系。但三者

的意思不同。观察下列句子并总结：

Have you read the novel written by Jack London?

The novel being talked about in the conference was written by Jack London. The novel to be published was written by Jack London.

总结：过去分词作定语表示 ，过去分词的被动式表 ，不定式的的被动式表 因此，

在具体作题时，我们需要根据题目所提供的已知因素推断这种时间关系，才能最后做出正确的选择。

The bridge _______ costs more than 100 million dollars and it will be completed next month.

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A. being built B. built C. to be built D. having been built

答案： Ａ。解析：题干中告诉我们大桥将于下个月竣工，据此，我们可以得出结论，大桥肯定正在建设中。

所以，选Ａ。另外，值得说明的是，本题中的Ｄ选项，即现在分词的完成式形式，无论有无被动，都不作定语使用。

【考点五、不定式的主动式和被动式作定语的区别问题】 I can’t make it because I have mountains of work to do.

They only had a small cold house to live in. (这个吊尾介词不能被省略) They are lucky enough to have such a person to depend on.

不定式作定语时，如果被修饰词和该不定式之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用 形式表被动。 但是，如果表示的是另外一种概念，根据需要，我们必须得用不定式的被动式。例如：

Do you have anything to do? (you 和to do有主谓关系)

Do you have anything to be done? (you 和to do没有主谓关系)

思考，其中第一句表示 谁去做这个事情？第二个是 谁去做呢？ 【考点六、动名词的复合结构作宾语时的代词转化问题】

My mother’s being ill sent all of us into great anxiety. We’ll appreciate your（you） calling back soon. Do you mind your students’ using mobiles in school?

Can you imagine our(us) passing the test on our first attempt?

动名词在句子中发挥 的作用，作 语、 语等成分。在动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其中的形容词性物主代词可以转化为 的人称代词。（作主语时不能这样转化） 【考点七、带to不定式和不带to不定式的问题】

关于不定式是否带to的问题，通常的考题中有下面几种特殊情况： 1、 I’m afraid I can’t help you (to) clean the house today. Can you help (to) carry these books to my office?

在help(或help＋宾语)之后 。 2、 I’d rather/sooner(宁愿) stop now. I’d rather not wait.

I’d just as soon (宁可) come at five o’clock.

We might just as well (还是…的好) walk.

总结：would rather/ would sooner/ would just as soon/ might(just) as well后接 。 3、 Rather than make a living by selling socks, Mike preferred to work in a coal mine.

Rather than have a car of his own, he prefers to rent a car. Mary decided to write a letter rather than (to) make a call.

rather than置于句首时，其后用 。在句中其他位置时，其后的 。 4、In that case, we had nothing to do except wait for help. In that case, we couldn’t choose but wait for help.

In that case, we had no other choice but to wait for help.

在介词except/but (除了)后面，是否带to，要看 。如果有， ；则带to;如果没有则 值得说明的是，介词的宾语一般是名词或动名词。能以介词作宾语的也只有这两个。 【考点八、不定式符号的单独使用问题】

为了避免重复，可以省略不定式符号之后的主动词及其补足成分。这种现象常见于口语当中。例如： ---- Would your friends like to see our new house? --- They would love to.

Michael said he would divorce his wife but I doubt he really wanted to.

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但是，如果不定式是be或have，通常保留be或have。例如： --- Are you a teacher? --- No. But I used to be. --- He hasn’t finished yet. --- Well, he ought to have.

第三节 巩固练习

学了这些东西到底有没有用呢？什么都是浮云，解决高考题才是王道。

题组一

在老师的引导下完成下列两道题

【2011湖南卷,23】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .

A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected

【2011山东卷,27】Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path up to the house.

A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead

总结：通过完成上面的高考真题，非谓语动词都是设空在 我发现以上题目考查的是

解答此类题的方法是

【2011江苏卷,31】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared 〖10北京〗I’m calling to enquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised

〖10四川〗A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning

【2011福建卷,23】Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 〖10湖南〗So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.

A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing

〖10陕西〗His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published (2012湖南卷)23. Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use

(2012湖南卷)31. The lecture, ________ at 7：00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started

(2012山东卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide

(2012重庆卷)28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made (2012浙江卷)11. \"It's a such nice place,\" Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs. A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved

(2012上海卷)36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

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A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded

题组二

跟老师一起分析下面两题：

【2011浙江卷,14】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost

【2011重庆卷,33】Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams.

A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 按照老师分析的思路，完成下面的题：

〖10上海〗Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 【2011陕西卷,14】Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked

总结：通过完成上面的高考真题，非谓语动词都是设空在 我发现以上题目考查的是 解答此类题的方法是 —Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? —Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ______ you to your room. (2007北京卷) A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing

(2007福建卷) Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period. A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve

〖10山东〗I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.

A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 〖10湖南〗Listen! Do you hear someone for help?

A. calling B. call C. to call D. called

(09江苏卷)My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve.

A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good (08江苏卷)She couldn’t make her voice ______ above the noise of the traffic.

A. heard B. hearing C. to hear D. hear

(07福建卷)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled

(09安徽卷)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.

A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished

〖2006浙江卷,】_____the loud noise going on in the workshop, I can hardly concentrate on my lessons. A.As B.Because C.With D.For

(2012辽宁卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows

(2012四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake ________ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound

(2012四川卷)12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car________. A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash 在老师的引导下，完成下面两题：

[2007重庆卷] The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons_____for the day A.finishing B.finished

C.had finished D.were finished

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〖2011浙江卷,】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.

A.having B had C. have D. to have

(2012全国卷I)28. The party will be held in the garden, weather _______.

A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit

题组三

在老师的引导下，完成下面两题：

【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ____nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying

【2011辽宁卷,30】 around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering (2012全国卷II)10. Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped (2012北京卷)27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use

通过完成上面的题，我得到知识是非谓语动词设空都是位于 以上考查的是：

解答该题的关键是

按照老师的解题思路，完成下列各题：

【2011四川卷,16】 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer

〖10陕西〗_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see

〖10江西〗The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains. A keep B kept C keeping D to keep

【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated

【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened

〖10上海〗 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 【2011陕西卷,20】More highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.

A. making B. made C. to make D. having made

〖10天津〗It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause

〖10安徽〗He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling

〖10湖南〗Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle (2012上海卷) 39. \"Genius\" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved

(2012天津卷)11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left

(2012江苏卷) 31. ________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

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(2012陕西卷)15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. A. Standing B. To stand C.Stood D. Stand

(2012重庆卷)23. ________ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked (2012四川卷)6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ his plane high up in the sky. A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found

(2012山东卷)26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told

以上两道题考查的是什么 ，非谓语动词位于 后。你选对了吗？

(2012全国卷II)15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched

(2012辽宁卷)29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate

(2012浙江卷)3.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better _____ silent. A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain 以上三道题考查的是什么 ，非谓语动词位于 后。你选对了吗？

题组四

【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried

(2012陕西卷)22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet

(2012湖南卷) 21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ________ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do

(2012安徽卷)24. I remembered ________ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked

(2012上海卷)33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of

(2012上海卷)27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone (2012北京卷)23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting

上面的各题，非谓语动词一般是位于 和 词后，以上考查的是： 解答该题的关键是 英语语法虽然是烦琐复杂的，但是是有一定规律和技巧的，同学们只要在平时做题中善于运用技巧，多做总结，并且准备一个错题本，随时把相似题型和易错题积累下来，必然能很快得到提高的。

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