Dow Coating MaterialsTAMOL™ Dispersants Product Solutions GuideGetting More From Your Paint The goal of the dispersion phase in the paint making process is to mechanically separate pigment particles by high-shear and stabilize these pigment particles for optimum performance. Properly dispersing and stabilizing pigment particles will help improve the light scattering for better hide and a tighter, more durable coating. If not properly stabilized, the pigment particles in dispersion will re-agglomerate over time and thus provide lower gloss, poor hiding and reduced durability.The mechanical breakup and separation (deagglomeration) of pigment clusters to isolated primary particles.GrindingTAMOL™ Dispersants keep particles separated over time.As-supplied pigment is agglomerated.Grinding reduces agglomeration.Dispersant molecules play an active role in this phase. The role of a dispersant molecule is to prevent re-agglomeration of dispersed pigment particles over time; this is key to developing a high-performance, durable coating for any surface you want to protect. Polymeric DispersantsThe most prevalent dispersant molecules used are polymeric dispersants. There are two categories of polymeric dispersant: polyacid homopolymer and polyacid copolymer types. The polyacid copolymer category can be further broken into two sub-categories: hydrophilic and hydrophobic copolymers. The category of dispersant chosen depends on efficiency, rheology modifier compatibility, ZnO compatibility, and other film performance criteria expected for a particular formulation. Polymeric dispersant molecules tend to be lower in molecular weight, ranging from 1,000 to 20,000 daltons.Dispersant molecules provide stabilization of the particles by charge-charge repulsion as seen in Figure 1. The dispersant molecule surrounds the pigment particle and creates a charge layer that will repel other pigment particles, thus preventing re-agglomeration. + - + + - - + - - + + - PigmentPigment+ - - + - + + - - - - - + - + + + - + + - + Figure 1: Coulombic Stabilization or charge-charge repulsion+ - + - Polyacid Copolymer• Hydrophilic comonomer• Hydrophobic comonomerO O O O Polyacid HomopolymerCO R CO R CO R O O O O O O O CO CO CO O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO O O O O O R R pg 2The TAMOL™ Family of dispersants includes both the polyacid homopolymer and polyacid copolymer types.TAMOL™ 945TAMOL™ 1254TAMOL™ 963TAMOL™ 983TAMOL™ 2011TAMOL™ 2001TAMOL™ 681TAMOL™ 1124TAMOL™ SG-1TAMOL™ 851TAMOL™ 901TAMOL™ 960TAMOL™ 731A TAMOL™ 165AHydrophilicHydrophobicPolyacid Homopolymer Dispersants Polyacid homopolymers are made by polymerizing acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, or maleic acids together. These homopolymers are supplied in the neutralized form using either ammonium or alkali metal salts. Polyacid dispersants are the most efficient and cost effective of the polymeric dispersant categories, but not always the best choice for facilitating overall paint performance. Polyacid homopolymer dispersants are best paired with ASE, HASE, and cellulose ether rheology modifiers.Polyacid Copolymer Dispersants Polyacid copolymers are a combination of hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers. These copolymer dispersants are typically supplied in the neutralized form using either ammonium or alkali metal salts. What these polymeric dispersants lack in efficiency, they make up for by enhancing overall film properties. Polyacid hydrophilic copolymers are recommended with the use of HASE/HEUR rheology modifier packages. Polyacid hydrophilic copolymers are the most versatile of the polymeric dispersants and balance efficiency and broad compatibility. Polyacid hydrophobic copolymer dispersants are most commonly recommended with HEUR rheology modifier packages. Hydrophobic copolymer polymeric dispersants sacrifice dispersant efficiency, but can impart other film properties such as improved gloss development, stain resistance, and/or water resistance (hydrophobicity). TAMOL™ Dispersant BenefitsPolyAcidUltra-low VOC capableEasy to PourDispersant EfficiencyGloss PotentialWater ResistanceStain ResistanceZnO StabilityCellulosic ThickenerASE/HASE ThickenerHEUR ThickenerYesYes• • ••••• (exception TAMOL 851)• • •• • ••Hydrophilic CopolymerYesYes• •• •• •• ••• • •• •• •Hydrophobic CopolymerVariable*Variable*• •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • ••• • •* TAMOL™ 681 Dispersant contains solvent and is higher in viscosity.pg 3TAMOL™SaltSolidsUse Level (on pigment)BenefitsExcellent cost/performance balance. Excellent color acceptance with high reproducibility. Low odor. Low-foam generator.Broad formulating latitude and cost/performance balance. Low-foam. Good color acceptance and stability with active pigments.High efficiency with low-foam generation. Excellent stability in paints containing ZnO and other reactive pigments.Low-foam generator. Excellent stability. Ammonia version of TAMOL™ 851 Dispersant.Low-cost, low-foam generator. Good water resistance.High-gloss potential. Broad formulating latitude. Cost/performance balance. Low-foam generator. High-gloss potential. Broad formulating latitude. Cost/performance balance. Low-foam generator. Excellent early blister resistance and wet adhesion. Good color acceptance. Good gloss development and corrosion resistance.Excellent overall compatibility. Good pigment wetting. Highly efficient performance.Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability in paints containing ZnO and other reactive pigments. Good corrosion resistance.Low-odor, solvent free* capability. Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability with ZnO. Good corrosion resistance.Low pH to allow for neutralizer choice. Low-odor, solvent-free* capability. Maximizes gloss potential. Good stability with ZnO. Good corrosion resistance.Polyacid Dispersants9451254851901963NaNaNaNH4NH445%35%30%30%35%0.3 - 1.0%0.3 - 1.0%0.6 - 1.0%0.6 - 1.0%0.3 - 1.0%Hydrophilic Copolymer Dispersants1124SG-1NH4NH450%35%0.5 - 1.0%0.7 - 1.0%Hydrophobic Copolymer Dispersants165A731A68120112002NH4NaNH4Kn/a21%25%35%23%42%0.6 - 1.0%0.7 - 1.0%1.0% - 5.0%1.0% - 5.0%1.0% - 5.0%* Manufactured without added solvent.Dispersant Level GuidelinesTAMOL™Acid Homopolymers1254/945851Hydrophilic Copolymers1124Hydrophobic Copolymers2011, 681, 2002731A/165A1.0% - 5.0%0.75% - 1.5%** With TiO2 slurries, subtract 0.2% to 0.5%Form No. 884-00336-1013-NAR-EN-GSSolids**0.3% - 0.75%0.6% - 1.0%0.5% - 1.0%For more information, contact Dow Coating Materials US Toll Free 800-447-4369 dow.com/coatingmaterials®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow © 2013 The Dow Chemical CompanyNotice: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, the Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for the Customer’s use and for ensuring that the Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to “Dow” or the “Company” mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
