语法：直接引语和间接引语
观察下面的句子，注意直接引语变为间接引语后，发生了哪些变化。 1) She said to me, “I can’t finish the work today.”
She told me (that) she couldn’t finish the work that day. 2) She said to me, “Have you read this book?” She asked me whether / if I had read that book.
3) She said to her father, “How will you come here tomorrow?” She asked her father how he would go there the next day. 4) She said, “He left twenty minutes ago.”
She said (that) he had left twenty minutes before. 5) She said, “What are you doing now?” She asked (me) what I was doing then. 小结归纳
通过以上例句我们可以发现，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等都需要进行相应的变化。 我们来归纳一下以上例句中所发生的变化： 人称(you → I )、指示代词（this → that）、时间状语（today → that day）、地点状语(here → there )、动词(come → go)等。
关于时态, 需要我们特别注意： 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态上一般都要相应地“退后一步”，即：一般现在时变为一般过去时，如：句1）；现在完成时变为过去完成时，如：句2）；一般将来时变为过去将来时，如：句3）；一般过去时变为过去完成时， 如：句4）；现在进行时变为过去进行时，如：句5）。 直接引语变为间接引语时还会涉及到连词的使用：当直接引语是陈述句时我们可以添加that（也可以不添加），如：句1）和句4）；是一般疑问句时必须添加whether或if，如：句2）；是特殊疑问句时仍用原来的疑问词引导，如：句3）和句5）。 如果直接引语是疑问句，那么变为间接引语时语序也要变成陈述句语序，如：句2）、句3）和句5）。 特别需要指出的是：如果直接引语的内容是客观真理或事实，或者含有一个具体的时间状语时，变为间接引语时不受主句时态的影响，如： He told me the moon moves around the earth. She said that she went to school in 1995.
即学即用
I. 请把下面的句子变成间接引语：
1. He said, “My books are better than yours.” 2. My father said, “Did you sleep well last night?”
3. He said to his sister, “Why did you buy these old books?” 4. He said, “What are you going to do tomorrow?”
5. She asked Jack, “Will you come here this afternoon?” II. 看看下面的句子有错误吗？如果有的话请改过来。 1. He asked me why he has not received the letter.
2. Peter asked his mother where she was going next day.
3. She told me that she had sent an e-mail about ten minutes ago. 4. He asked how did you went there the day before yesterday.
当堂检测
将下列句子变为间接引语：
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children” 3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.
