专业英语八级(MINI-LECTURE)强化练习试卷8(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷8 (题后含答案及解

析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文：Culture Good morning,everyone. In this lecture we will learn something about culture. First think about these things; What is a culture? How are culture different? How are they the same? How should we define culture? These are a few questions that we will explore throughout this lecture. By the time we have finished, you will have a better understanding of the uniqueness of your own culture, and hopefully, a greater appreciation of the similarities and differences that exist among various cultures of the world. There are many things that make up a culture. In fact,there are so many things about our lives that make up part of the culture we belong to that there is no way to cover them all here. Therefore,we will concentrate on only three aspects of culture in this unit. They are;language,folklore and holiday. What is language? According to Webster’s Dictionary language is defined as: 1. a body of words and systems for their use common to people of the same community or nation. 2. any system of formalized symbols, signs, etc, used or conceived as a means of communication. 3. the means of communication used by animals. Simply, language is what people and animals use to communicate their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Of course, animals communicate with each other differently than humans, and each type of animals communicates differently. For example , a bee uses a sophisticated dance to tell the rest of the bees in the hive where there is food,while humpback whales communicate through the use of melodic sounds. One could say then,that animals use different languages. Like animals, people also use different languages. Each culture has its own words and symbols that used by people within that culture to communicate with others in the same culture. For example,a person living in Japan will use the Japanese language to communicate with other Japanese. Unlike animals though, some cultures use more than one language. (2) People within these cultures are said to be either bilingual or multilingual. One such place is Canada. It is very likely that a person living in Canada may speak both French and English. Likewise, a person living in Switzerland may speak Italian, German and French. Not only do people use different languages to communicate,

but languages also have different dialects. A dialect is a variation of a language that uses words and grammar somewhat differently from the standard form of the same language. For example, people who live in Manchester,England speak in a dialect that is slightly different from people who live in London,England;however,people in both cities speak English. There are also some people who don’t use a spoken language at all. These people use their hands to communicate. (4) This type of language is called sign language and is most commonly used by people who are deaf. Now that we know how people communicate, we are faced with a question. Are we part of a specific culture because of the language we speak, or do we speak a particular language because we are part of that culture? To put it more simply, is a person Korean because he speaks Korean,or does he speak Korean because he was born in Korean? What part does language play in the definition of culture? (5) Folklore is a body of stories that reflect a culture’s beliefs, traditions and values. (6)Often the characters in folktales are real people. When a folktale tells of the actions of a real person, its purpose is to reveal some admired quality of that person’s character. Other folktales use characters that are larger than life to pass on truths that are valued by the culture. Folktales have been told for centuries,and all cultures have them. At one time, all folklore was part of an oral tradition and was passed on by word of mouth. (7)Today,folklore finds its way into poetry,song lyrics and fables. A holiday is a day made special by a culture’s customs or laws. (8) Holidays help a culture remember and honor its history. Each culture has its own traditions or recognizing and celebrating these special days. (9) People may attend parades, sing songs,go to picnic or give gifts to each other on certain holidays. Some holidays are peculiar to a culture. Other holidays, like Christmas and Thanksgiving, are celebrated by many cultures around the world. The English word holiday actually came from two words, holy and day. This is because,years ago,the only holidays that were observed were religious days. (10)The best-known religious holiday is Christmas. In most parts of the world, Christmas is a time of happy festivities. People decorate Christmas trees with ornaments and lights and give each other gift. Families gather for large dinners that consist of turkey, ham, dressing, yams and other holidays fare. They also attend church and give thanks for the Jesus Christ,who was born as the savior of the world. Next,I will tell a short version of the story Christmas. As you listen to the story, think about how Christmas is celebrated in your culture. Do people in your culture celebrate Christmas like people in North America? If not, in what way do you celebrate Christmas? What holiday is the most important in your culture? Why? The Christmas story goes like this; While Mary and Joseph were resting in a stable in Bethlehem, Mary’s baby was born. Mary was happy, because an angel had told her that her baby was the son of God, and that he would grow up to help people love one another,and love God. Mary called the baby Jesus. The shepherds came to see the Christ child and to worship him. When they left,they spread the joyous news. All the angels came, too. They filled the air with singing as they praised God and said, “Glory be to god in highest,and peace on earth and good will to man. “That’s all for today, thanks for your attention! See you next time!

CultureThere are so many things about our lives that belong to culture.I.

Language—Language is what people and animals use to(1)_____ their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Justlike animals, people use different languages.—Each culture has its own words and symbols.—People within the culture that use more than one language are said to be either (2)_____or multilingual.—Languages have different (3)_____, which arevariations of a language.—(4) _____is most commonly used by deaf people.II. Folklore—Folklore is body of stories that show a culture’s beliefs,traditions and (5)_____.—The characters in folktales are often (6)_____people, whose character is admired.—Folklore now finds its way into poetry, song lyrics and (7)_____.III. Holiday—Holiday is a day made special by a culture’s customs or laws.—Holidays help a culture remember and (8)_____its history.—People may attend parades, sing songs, go to (9)_____or give gifts to each other on certain holidays.—The English word holiday came from two words; holy and day.—The best known (10)_____holiday is Christmas.

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正确答案：communicate 解析：本题为细节题。演讲者讲到了语言的定义：language is what people and animals use to communicate their thoughts，ideas and feelings，语言是人类和动物之间交流、沟通思想和感受的途径。因此填入communicate。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：bilingual

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者讲到有些文化会使用两种或两种以上的语言：People within these cultures are said to be either bilingual or multilingual．multilingual指“使用多种语言的”，bilingual指“使用两种语言的”。故此处填入bilingual。 知识模块：讲座

3．

正确答案：dialects

解析：本题为要点题。人们不仅使用不同的语言进行交流，而且还有不同的方言。A dialect is a variation of a language that uses words and grammar somewhat differently from the standard form of the same language．方言是一种语言标准形式在词汇和语法上的变体。故此处填人dialects。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：Sign language

解析：本题为要点题。此处演讲者讲到了聋哑人通常使用的手语，因此填入Sign language。此处注意首字母要大写。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：values

解析：本题为要点题。本题考查民间故事folklore的定义，Folklore is a body of stories that reflect a culture’s beliefs，traditions and values．民间故事指的是反映不同文化信念、传统和价值观的一系列故事传说。因此此处答案为values。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：real 解析：本题为细节题。传说中的故事人物通常是具有令人敬佩钦羡的性格的真实人物，故此处填人real。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：fables

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者讲到民间传说的现状folklore finds its way into poetry，song lyrics and fables．此处应填fables，意为“神话，寓言”。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：honor

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者第三部分讲到了节日，认为Holidays help a culture remember and honor its history．节日让人们记住并纪念历史事件，因此填入honor。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：picnics

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者讲到了节日期间人们的庆祝方式：People may attend parades，sing songs，go to picnic or give gifts to each other on certain holidays．其中go to picnics是其中的庆祝活动之一，故此处答案为picnics。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：religious

解析：本题为要点题。此处讲到西方最重要的节日为圣诞节(Christmas)，圣诞节最初是西方非常重要的宗教节日，因此填入religious。 知识模块：讲座

听力原文： Oral Presentation Good morning. Today I want to talk about techniques for oral presentation. Although I am going to talk about

presentations, these are equally useful for business talks or any other kind of public speeches. In your university work, you will be expected to give oral presentations, in the form of reports or simply in the form of answers to questions. Nowadays, many university teachers try to involve their students more actively in the learning process. (1) One of the ways in which this is done is by conducting seminars. In a seminar, what usually happens is this. One student is chosen to give his ideas on a certain topic.

These ideas are then discussed by the other students (the participants) in the seminar. What I’d like to discuss with you now is the techniques of presenting a paper at a seminar. I am going to give you some advice on how to present a seminar paper. (2) As you know,there are two main stages involved in this. One is the preparation stage which involved researching and writing up a topic. The other stage is the preparation stage when you actually present the paper to your audience. It is the second that I am concerned with now. There are two ways in which this can be done. The first method is to circulate copies of the paper in advance to all the partic-ipants. This gives them time to read it before the seminar,so that they can come already prepared with their own ideas about what you have written. The second method is where there is no time for previous circulation, or there is some other reason why the paper cannot be circulated. In that case,of course,the paper will have to be read aloud to the group,who will probably make their own notes on it while they are listening. In this talk I am going to concentrate on the first method where the paper is circulate in advance, as this is the most efficient way for conducting a seminar, but most of what 1 am going to say also applies to the second method; and indeed may be useful to remember any time you have to speak in public. You will probably be expected to introduce your paper even if it has been circulated beforehand. There are two good reasons for this. One is that the participants may have read the paper but forgotten some of the main points. The second reason is that some of the participants may have glanced through it quickly. They will therefore not be in a position to comment on it, unless they get some idea of what it is all about. When you are introducing your paper, what you must not do is simply to read the whole paper aloud. This is because; Firstly, if the paper is a fairly long one, there may not be enough time for discussion. From your point of view, the discussion is the most important thing. It is very helpful for you if other people criticize your work; in that way you can improve it. Secondly, a lot of information can be understood when one is reading. It is not easy to pick up detailed information when one is listening. (5) In other words, there may be lack of comprehension or understanding because speech and writing are different. The biggest difference between spoken and written language is that readers can look back over the printed words when they don’t understand. In spoken language, however, listeners can’t go back and check the words. Thirdly, it can be very boring listening to something being read aloud. Anyway, some of your audience may have read your paper carefully and will not thank you for having to go through all of it again. So there are several things you must follow to make your oral presentations clear and easy to understand. Decide on a time limit for your talk. Tell your audience what it is. Stick to your time limit. This is very important. At the seminar, the rate of delivery has to be slower. One of the best ways to help your

audience is simple to speak slowly and help the listener’s memory. Concentrate only on the main points. Ignore details. Hammer home the essence of your argument. If necessary, find ways of making your basic points so that your audience will be clear about what they are. Speak from the outline notes. But bring both sets of notes and your original paper to the meeting. Knowing that you have a full set of notes available will be good for your self-confidence. Thinking time should be provided both before and after each important new item. The time before is to provide a background so that the listeners can have a chance to anticipate the idea. The time after is to allow the listeners a chance to understand what they just heard. (9) The three most common ways to allow this thinking time are to pause,to paraphrase and to use filler words, which convey no information,but just fill time. That means the words have no real meaning, but they do perform a useful function since they allow the listener time to think. For instance,you might say something like”as I’ve been saying”or”and so forth and so on”. Try to make your spoken presentation lively and interesting. This doesn’t necessarily mean telling jokes and anecdotes, but if you can think of interesting or amusing examples to illustrate your argument,use them. Look at your audience while you are speaking. The technique to use is this. First read the appropriate parts of your notes silently. If you are using outline notes, this won’t take you long. Then look up at your audience and say what you have to say. Never speak while you are still reading. While you are looking at your audience, try to judge what they are thinking. Are they following you? You will never make contact with your audience if your eyes are fixed on the paper in front of you. Make a strong ending. One good way of doing this is to repeat your main points briefly and questions or comments. I hope that these suggestions will help to make your oral presentations a great success. That’s all for today’s lecture. Thanks for listening.

Oral PresentationOne of the ways that teachers use to involve their students more actively in the learning process is(1)_____ seminars. In a seminar, students areexpected to give oral presentations.There are two main stages involved in presenting a seminar paper.A. the (2)_____stageB. the presentation stage;2 methods mentioned here1) You can do this by (3)_____copies of the paperin advance to all the participants,if possible;—you must not simply read the whole paper aloud because:a. If the paper is fairly long, there may not be enough time for (4)_____.b. There may be (5)_____of comprehension whenone is listening.c. It can be very (6)_____listening to somethingbeing read aloud.2) Otherwise the paper will have to be read aloud to the group.To make your oral presentation clear and easy to understand, you must follow several things;—Decide on a (7)_____for your talk.—Deliver your speech slowly. —Concentrate on the main points. —Speak from the (8)_____.—Provide thinking time before and after each important new item by pausing, (9)_____ and usingfiller words.—Look at your audience while you are speaking.—Make a strong (10)_____by repeating your mainpoints briefly.

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正确答案：conducting／to conduct 解析：本题为细节题。文中提到很多大学老师都在努力使学生在学习过程中更加积极主动，而其中一个方法就是采用seminar，即研讨会的形式。此处填入conducting或者to conduct表示“采用，进行，操作”。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：preparation 解析：本题为要点题。演讲者认为进行讨论会的口头陈述需要经过两个阶段：One is the preparation stage which…The other stage is the presentation stage…，因此填入preparation，即陈述的准备阶段。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：circulating 解析：本题为细节题。演讲者认为在第二阶段，即陈述阶段有两种操作方式。其中第一种就是to circulate copies of the paper in advance to all the participants，即提前将讲稿分发给参与人员或听众。这样可以让听众有时间提前了解陈述内容，便于进行深入的讨论。前面有介词by，因此答案为circulating“分发，发放”。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：discussion

解析：本题为要点题。文中讲到，在介绍自己的文稿时，千万不要只是大声地朗读文稿，原因有三：第一，如果文稿太长，念完文稿将没有足够的讨论时间。要记住的是，在讨论会上讨论才是最重要的事情。因此填入discussion。 知识模块：讲座

15．

正确答案：lack

解析：本题为要点题。演讲者讲到的第二点原因是，there may be lack of comprehension or understanding because speech and writing are different．当听众在听的时候将无法获取足够的细节，会导致听众在理解方面有漏洞，毕竟口头语言和书面语言不同，会使理解上出现偏颇。因此填入lack。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：boring

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者讲到的第三点原因是，it can be very boring listening to something being read aloud．因为很多听众已经读了文稿，如果再听一遍，会感到厌烦。因此填入boring。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：time limit

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者接下来提到要使口头陈述清晰易懂，应该注意的事项。第一点讲到：Decide on a time limit for your talk，为自己的陈述限时，并告诉听众时限是多少，这样可以使听众心中有数。故填人time limit。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：outline notes

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者在注意事项中还提到Speak from the outline notes．即按照提纲的思路进行陈述，但可以把笔记或者文稿都带上，因为这样可以使人更加自信。此处填入outline notes“提纲笔记”。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：paraphrasing

解析：本题为细节题。讲座提到，当讲到重要的新条目时，可以在这个新条目之前和之后给予听众思考的时间。有三种方式可以达到这个目的：to pause，to paraphrase and to use filler words，即暂停、解释和使用填充语，给听众留出思考的时间。结合题干结构，此处应填入paraphrasing。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：ending

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者提到的最后一条注意事项：Make a strong ending．结尾一定要有力度。可通过重复文中主要观点、提问和评论的方式达到目的。故本题答案为ending。 知识模块：讲座

听力原文： How to Write Job Applications and Resumes Welcome to my lecture, boys and girls. You are going to leave the college in no more than three months. Before you leave, you may be considering your future. Some may continue further study for master’s degree or overseas. But most of you are going to hunt for a decent job. As you have completed your formal education, you will look for a job suited to your training,interests and ambition. In most cases,you will visit a prospective employer’s office and complete an application form for the position in which you are interested. The employer may then make a decision regarding your employability on the basis of the application form and a personal interview. This employment process is the simplest one and probably the one most commonly used for obtaining a first job. In the job-seeking situation, there are a number of ways you may use your writing skills;to complete an application blank,prepare a resume,write an application letter, or write employment follow-up letters. To obtain your first job, you may need to complete only an employment application form.

However,you may also need to prepare a letter of application and a resume. As an ambitious job-seeker,therefore,you should be able to prepare all the written material that will help you obtain the job you want. The first question you should consider is: what abilities do I have to offer an employer? You will be hired because you have a skill that an employer needs. Before you start your campaign for a job, you must decide for which specific jobs you are qualified and in which jobs you are interested. (1) On the basis of your personal and educational background, you begin by listing specific skills and (2) knowledge that would benefit an employer. Then you decide which specific job titles need the skills and knowledge you possess. After that you may think: which of the positions I have listed interest me most? Which ones interest me least? Direct your job-seeking efforts to the most interesting positions for which you are qualified. Once you have assessed your skills and know ledge and determined the various jobs for which you are qualified, one of your most important decisions involves preparing your resume. Once you have decided what you have to sell an employer, you should prepare a written summary of your qualifications. This summary,often called a resume, is a description of your qualifications. It usually includes a statement of your education, (4) your employment record or experience, a list of references, and other data that will help you obtain the job you wish. A good resume is highly useful. You may use it to accompany a letter of application , present it to an employer at the interview, mail it to a prospective employer without a formal letter of application, or use it to assist you in filling out an employment application form. Since resumes are sales instruments, they must be prepared just as carefully as sales letters. They must present the best possible impression of you. The act of preparing the resume is just as valuable as the resume itself, for it forces you to think about yourself. That is what you have to offer an employer and why you should be hired. Thus it becomes a self-appraisal. Everyone brings unique talents to a position, but usually only after you prepare a resume do you realize your true worth. I’d like to give several suggestions on how to prepare good resumes. Firstly,(6) make the resume attractive. Because the resume is a sales instrument , it should be as attractive as you can make it. Of course, it should be typewritten, perfectly balanced on the page,and (7) free from errors and noticeable corrections. This is obvious and important. If there are many typewriting errors and grammar mistakes in you resumes, you will send very bad impression on the employers. No employers will hire such kind of careless people in their companies. Resumes vary in length from one page to several pages, depending on how much you have to say about yourself. Your first resume should probably fit on one page or at the most two,but as you gather experience and obtain more education, your resumes may get longer and more detailed. Next, make the resume fit the employer’s needs. A resume is tailored carefully to meet the employer’s needs for the job for which you are applying. Thus it is an individual thing. Never try to copy someone else’s resume or to use the same one over and over. You must find out what the job you are seeking demands and then tailor your resume accordingly. For example, if you apply for a job where you will be required to take dictation at a high speed, (9) you will want to emphasize your skill in shorthand. You will make absolutely sure that the employer knows you are a highly

skilled shorthand writer and transcriber. On the other hand, if the secretarial job you want requires little in the way of shorthand but a good deal of talent in writing, you will mention your shorthand skill but emphasize your writing ability. In a word,although it seems harder for college graduates to find a job,you should believe in yourself. As most of you are similar in education background, (10) you should tiy to make your job application and resume unique to yourself. Making it particular does not mean cheating in the contents of the resume. Always remember that never cheat in your job application and resume, otherwise you will receive really bad results. At last,I wish you all find a decent and satisfactory job and also a bright future.

How to Write Job Applications and ResumesCompleting on application and succeeding in interview are fundamental in job-seeking. The result of an interview is uncertain but you can decide whether your application is attractive.I. Preparation for your application and resume 1) Offering your abilitiesA. basis: personal and (1)_____backgroundB. skills;being specificC. knowledge;to (2)_____the employer2) Find your most interested positionsII. Resume1) A resume; a written (3)_____of your qualificationsA. a statement of your educationB. employment record or (4)_____C. a list of referencesD. other data2) The importance of a good resumeA. (5)_____;the best impression of youB. self-appraisal;your true worthIII. How to prepare good resumes l)Make the resume (6)_____A. typewrittenB. perfectly balanced on the pageC. free from errors and (7)_____correctionsD. vary in length2) Make the resume fit the employer’s needsA. never try to copy someone else’s resume or to use the same one over and overB. find out what the job you are seeking demands and then (8)_____your resume accordinglyC. examples;a) job requirement; dictation at a high speed skill emphasis: (9)_____b) job requirement: talent in writing skill emphasis; writing abilityIV. Characteristics of good applications and resumes1) Unique to yourself2) Particular3) Never (10)_____

21．

正确答案：educational

解析：本题为细节题。此处提到制作求职申请书和个人简历的准备阶段。其中讲到On the basis of your personal and educational background，you begin…，因此基础是个人教育背景，故答案为educational。 知识模块：讲座

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正确答案：benefit 解析：本题为细节题。演讲者讲到On the basis of your personal and educational background，you begin by listing specific skills and knowledge that would benefit an employer．以个人教育背景为基础，列举自身特长，以及所掌握的能 够使雇主受益的知识，因此填入benefit。 知识模块：讲座

23．

正确答案：summary 解析：本题为要点题。本题考查对resume的理解。演讲者讲到Once you have decided what you have to sell an employer，you should prepare a written summary of your qualifications．This summary，often called a resume，is a description of your qualifications．由此可见，简历也就是对个人资历的书面总结，故填入summary。 知识模块：讲座

24．

正确答案：experience 解析：本题为细节题。此处讲到了个人简历所包含的内容：It usually includes a statement of your education，your employment record or experience，a list of references，and other data that will help you obtain the job you wish．因此填入experience。 知识模块：讲座

25．

正确答案：sales instruments

解析：本题为要点题。演讲者讲到了好的个人简历的重要性，认为A good resume is highly useful．．．Since resumes tire sales instruments…。They must present the best possible impression of you．简历作为一种推销自己的方式，它可以表现出你最好的一面，并将其呈现给雇主。因此答案为sales instruments。 知识模块：讲座

26．

正确答案：attractive

解析：本题为要点题。此处讲到了如何制作好的简历。第一点演讲者认为要make the resume attractive，即使简历吸引人，故填入attractive。 知识模块：讲座

27．

正确答案：noticeable 解析：本题为细节题。要使个人简历吸引人，应该使用打印文本，排版合理，还要杜绝显而易见的错误，it should be typewritten，perfectly balanced on the page，and free from errors and noticeable corrections．．．Resumes vary in length from one page to several pages．故填人noticeable。 知识模块：讲座

28．

正确答案：tailor 解析：本题为细节题。演讲者认为个人简历的制作要满足雇主的意愿和需求。

而且You must find out what the job you are seeking demands and then tailor your resume accordingly．既要弄清你所申请的工作所要求的技能，又要在此基础上很好地优化自己的简历，因此此处填tailor。 知识模块：讲座

29．

正确答案：shorthand

解析：本题为细节题。此处为演讲者的举例。For example，if you apply for a job where you will be required to take dictation at a hish speed，you will want to emphasize your skill in shorthand．如果你所申请的工作要求很快的速记技能，那么在简历上你可以强调自己在速记方面的才能。因此答案为shorthand。 知识模块：讲座

30．

正确答案：cheat

解析：本题为细节题。演讲者最后讲到好的个人简历应该具备的特征：you should try to make your job application and resume unique to yourself．Making it particular does not mean cheating in the contents of the resume．要让自己的简历有特点，并且在内容上不要有任何欺骗的痕迹，因此答案为cheat。 知识模块：讲座