课文重点句(中英文版本)

研究生公共英语阅读C期末复习

阅读理解（释义题二选一）15%

Unit 1 Science vs. Humanities 科学与人文学科

1. On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.

从表面上来看，这些用途是个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。

2. This filtering of the subject, man, through the medium of mind has the effect of keeping always in the foreground the element of novelty, of uniqueness, of astonishing unpredictability.

通过精神这一媒介，这种对主题（即人类）的渗入过程产生出这样的效果：让新颖，独特，根本无法预料的成分总是处于最显著的位置。

3. Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be true?

在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性？

4. This reality points to indispensable function of the humanities.

这一事实指明了学术性人文学科的真正作用和必不可少的功能。

Unit 3 The Age of Advertising 广告时代

5. The reason this does not happen is not that we have become hardened to these fantastic appeals to our passion, but that we have become so groggy, so passive, so helpless amidst the endless barrage of appeals that “we go about our business,” as we say.

之所以没有出现这样的情况，并不是因为我们已经对这种呼唤激情的荒谬做法习以为常，而是因为我们已经在永无止境，铺天盖地的呼唤声中变得如此神魂颠倒，如此被动，如此无助，“我们只管自己的事儿，”就像我们所说的那样。

6. Nothing kills the power of an ad like paying conscious attention to it.

特别关注某个广告时就会扼杀广告的魔力。

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

7. Spain is the last European country where conversation remains a popular art and where the peasants, though illiterate, are as a rule so highly cultured that high society and intellectuals imitate their special accents and expressions out of snobbism.

西班牙是欧洲依然保留对话这一大众艺术的最后一个国家。在这里，农民虽然没有读过书，但是他们总是很有教养，以至于上流社会的人和知识分子势力地模仿他们独特的口音和表达方法。

8. If fashion is a popular substitute for art, it is equally true to say that art can not dispense with fashion.

假如时尚是艺术的大众化取代形式，同样也可以说艺术离不开时尚。

9. In order to achieve this end there has to be an elaborate series of consumer surveys to establish the exact character of the social groups whose dollars are to be magically extracted.

为了达到这一目的，就必须有一系列精心策划的消费调查，以准确地确定那些社会群体的特点，这些人的美元将被商家巧妙地榨取。

10. In this world, as in the world of Omar Khayyam, the sorry scheme of things as they are is forever being remolded nearer to the heart's desire.

在这个世界上，就像在欧玛尔·海亚姆的世界里一样，事物的令人悲伤的格局事实上永远

是按照心灵的愿望铸造的。

11. The ad was a piece of abstract art, of unabashed symbolism such as is reputed to outrage the ordinary man when he meets it in an art gallery, but which worked perfectly in the market place.

广告是一种抽象艺术，是不经掩饰的象征主义作品。据说普通人在艺术画廊里看到广告时会怒不可竭，但是它在市场上却表现得尽善尽美。

Unit 4 A Jazz Tradition 爵士乐传统

12. Historically, its sounds and moods parallel the struggle and growth of a people.

从历史的角度看，它的声音和基调和一个民族的奋斗和成长相伴相随。

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

13. Blues imagery was taken from more realistic experiences than was the biblical imagery of the spiritual.

布鲁斯的形象更多的是来自现实经历，而不是来自灵歌中的《圣经》形象。

14. The creative jazz man of today is in tune with what happened last night and anticipates what may occur tomorrow.

当今富有创造性的爵士乐手表现得是昨晚所发生的事情，他预言的是明天将要发生的事

情。（in tune with 与…和谐；与…一致）（反映的是当下的情感）

15. Had the American been given opportunity for musical education sin1865, would Jazz be with us today?

假如1865年前美国黑人给予了接受教育的权利，我们今天还有爵士乐吗？

16. Modern Jazz features a style of economy and simplicity. It does not employ a dozen notes where fewer will do.

现代爵士乐的主要特征是简洁，只要不多的几个音符可以表达，就决不采用一打音符来表达。

17. Jazz is not jazz when the expression of it becomes a reproduction of ideas conceived by another rather than the spontaneous and creative expression of the performer.

一旦爵士成了事先谱写好的，一旦它的表现成了再现另外一个人的想法而不是表达演奏者

的自发性创造，那么，爵士乐就不称其为爵士乐。

18. His music is a creative and spontaneous music for the people and by the people.

他的音乐是一种富有创造性和自发性的音乐，由人民所想，为人民所创。

Unit 5 The Science of Custom 习俗的科学

19. He is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other.

人类学家肯定会避免厚此薄彼。

20. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief over against our neighbor’s superstition.

首先，我们必须练达到不再把自己的信念看得高于我们邻居的迷信。

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

21. On the one side, it was a question of Divine Truth and of revelation; on the other, it was a matter of mortal error and of fables.

一方面，这是上帝的真理和启示的问题；另一方面，这是人类的过失和神话的问题。

22. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.

从世界范围来看，人的行为的离经叛道，它是一系列细微的行为方式，比任何人在个体行

为中的行为方式要复杂得多。

23. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.

没有人用原始的，纯粹的眼光来看待这个世界，他所看到的是被一整套特定的习俗和制度

以及思维方式编辑过了的世界。(pristine eyes：原始的，纯洁的，纯粹的)

24. There is no social problem more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom.

对我们来说，没有哪个社会问题比理解习俗的作用更迫切。

25. The psychological consequences of the spread to white culture have been out of all proportion to the materialistic.

对于唯物主义者来说，西方文化传播所造成的心理结果难以接受。

26. This world-wide cultural diffusion has protected westerners from having to take seriously the civilizations of other peoples.

由于这场世界范围的文化传播的影响，我们不必认真地去接受其他民族的文明。

Unit 7 Labor, Leisure, and the New Class 工作，休闲和新阶级

27. We have subjected those who retire to a drastic reduction in income and living standards.

我们大幅度的降低那些退休者的收入和生活水平。

28. The new class is not exclusive.

新阶级并不排外。（乐意接受新成员）

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

29. The difference in what labor means to different people could not be larger.

对不同的人来说，工作有着不同的意义，工作的差别非常大。

30. We have failed to appreciate the emergence of the New Class, as the result of an old obfuscation.

我们没有充分意识到这个“新阶级”（可以这么简单地称呼它）的出现，主要是由于受社

会科学领域中最古老最有生命力的错误观点之一的影响。

31. With diminishing marginal urgency of goods, it is logical that the first to be spared should be the old and young.

随着产品边际需要的日益减少，合理的做法首先减轻老年人和孩子的劳累。

32. No aristocrat ever contemplated the loss of feudal privileges with more sorrow than a member of this class would regard his descent into ordinary labor where the only reward was the pay.

一个贵族在失去封建时思想上的痛苦比不上这个阶段的成员在“坠落”为只有通过领

取工资才能获得回报的普通劳动者时的痛苦。

33. However, except where the improvement contributed to increased productivity, the effort to make work more pleasant has had to support a large burden of proof.

然而，除了条件的改善有助于提高生产力这一点，力争使工作变得更加愉快的这一努力必

须提供大量的证据，才能证明它是值得的。

34. It is not seriously argued that the shorter workweek increases productivity — that men produce more in fewer hours than they would in more. Rather, it is whether fewer hours are always to be preferred to more — but more pleasant one.

人们没有认真讨论过这个问题：更短的周工作时间会提高生产力，人在更少的时间里会比

在更多的时间里制造更多的产品，相反，人们所关心的是应不应该在任何时候都选择更少的工作时间。（更想要更少的工作时间，还是更多地令人愉快的工作时间。）

Unit 11 The Language of Colors, Myths, and Symbols 颜色，神话及符号的语言 35. However, neither nature nor emotions can do more than suggest things to the mind; they do not offer a basis for a coherent system of symbols.

然而，无论自然和情感，它们所能做的只不过是给大脑提示某种事物，并不能成为统一的

象征符合系统的基础。

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

36. And when individual and group symbolism tally, it is not that psychological factors explain sociological features, but that, on the contrary, outward civilization imposes its standards and traditions on the individual, even though he may be mentally ill.

当个人和群体象征意义相吻合时，并不是心理学因素解释了社会学特征，而恰恰相反，是

外在的文明将其标准和传统强加在个人身上，即使他可能患有精神病。

37. Although we do not realize it, this association of black with hell, death, the shades of night, and sin, inevitably influences the European view of Africans, as if the color of their skin had laid a curse upon them.

尽管我们没有意识到，但是人们把黑白同地狱，死亡，夜的阴影，魔咒，罪恶等联系起来，

这种联想不可避免地影响到欧洲人对非洲人的看法，好像他们的肤色是对他们的一种诅咒似的。

38. To recognize the relativity of systems of symbols may therefore be an effective aid in eradicating race prejudices and of doing away with ethnic stereotypes.

认识象征符号系统的相对性有利于消除种族歧视和固有的民族偏见。

39. The color owes its significance to the myth, or, in other words, it is the god who transforms it into a symbol.

这个例子又一次说明颜色的含义源于神话，或者换句话说，是神将颜色转变为一种象征符

号。

40. This is proof that each civilization attributes different meaning to colors.

这证明每一种文化赋予色彩不同的含义。

Unit 13 Society and the Individual 社会与个人

41. The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.

在违背个人意愿的情况下，对文明社会的任何一位成员合法行使权力的唯一目的是为了阻

止伤害别人。

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

42. The disposition of mankind is hardly ever kept under restraint by anything but want of power.

人性除了夺取权力以外，很少有什么东西能够使它保持克制。

43. The idea of abstract right is a thing independent of utility.

这个抽象理念和幸福无关。

44. They couldn’t afford to wait for the salutary permanent effects of freedom.

他们不敢奢盼有益的永久的自由。

45. Mankind are great gainers by suffering each other to live as seems good to themselves, than by compelling each to live as seems good to the rest.

人类是大赢家，他们允许彼此以看似最有利于自己的生活方式生活，而不是强迫彼此以看

似最有利于其他人的方式生活。

46. In all things which regard the external relations of the individual, he is de jure amenable to those whose interests are concerned, and if need be, to society as their protector.

在所有与个人的外部关系有关的事情中，按照法律，他对那些牵涉到利益关系的人富有责

任，如有必要，则对保护他们的社会负责。

47. To make any one answerable for doing evil to others, is the rule; to make him answerable for not preventing, evil, is, comparatively speaking, the exception.

让一个人为他对于别人所干的坏事负责，这是一条法规；相对来说，让他为没有阻止别人

干坏事负责，则是一种例外。

48. It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to say that this doctrine is meant to apply only to human beings in the maturity of their faculties.

也许无需指出，该学说仅适用于各种能力已经成熟的人。

Unit 14 The Fabric of Meaning 意义的结构

49. Any miscarriage of the symbolic process is an abrogation of our human freedom:

任何象征活动的失败都是对我们人类自由的剥夺。

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研究生英语阅读c重点句子中英文版本（打印版） 思政教育 雷晶晶

50. Only as one culture supersedes another, every new insight is bought with the life of an older certainty.

只有当一种文化取代另一种文化的时候，每一种新的眼光就会取代更陈旧的观念。

51. A mind that is oriented in material and social realities, no matter by what conscious or unconscious symbols, can function freely and confidently even under great pressure of circumstance and in the face of hard problems.

一种以物质和社会现实为导向的思想，不管是采用何种有意识或无意识的象征符号，即使

在环境的重压下，在面临严峻问题时，都能表现得从容自如。

52. Any man who loves his calling loves it for more than its use; he loves it because it seems to have “meaning.”

任何一个热爱自己职业的人不仅仅因为它有用才热爱它，他热爱它是因为职业好像具有某

种“意义”。

53. In such a mind, doubts of the meaning of life are not apt to arise.

在这样的思想中，大不会萌发对于“生活意义”的怀疑。

54. To maintain the mind’s orientation in the face of the confounding heresy is more than average mentality can do.

在令人困惑的异端学说面前还能坚持自己的方向，则不是一般人所能做到的。

55. Error is the price we pay for progress.

错误是我们为进步所付出的代价。

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