2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(一)(题后含答案及解析)

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一） (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing 1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

正确答案： The Importance of Building Trust Between Employers and Employees Trust is the cornerstone of any relationships, which is also applicable to workplace. As the founder of Alibaba, Jack Ma once said, “ The biggest breakthrough of choosing and employing people is to trust them. “ Thus, building trust between employers and employees is of vital significance. Trust contributes a lot to the benign development of companies and creates a win-win outcome for both companies and individuals. On the one hand, with the trust in employees, employers will entrust them with the most crucial missions, thus promoting the job performance and career development of employees. On the other hand, mutual trust can provide impetus for employees. They will be highly motivated, willing to work harder and will strive for a better prospect of the company. Take a prestigious company Tencent for example. People in this company attach great importance to trust and work together to make Tencent one of the top ten companies in China. All in all, trust is the precious wealth that should be valued by both employers and employees. There is no doubt that the trust between the two parties should be built, and only by doing so can our society become more prosperous and harmonious.

解析：这是一篇议论文写作。这次考题要求考生写一篇与雇主和员工之间相互信任的重要性有关的作文。题目本身难度不大，具有很大的开放性，考生在论述的时候可以采用事实论证，通过举例来支撑自己的观点，言之有理即可。 作文可分为三段，结构如下。 第一段：开门见山，通过阿里巴巴创始人马云关于信任的名言引出雇主和员工之间建立信任的重要性，为下文阐述的具体原因做好铺垫。 第二段：阐释原因，分别从雇主和员工的角度来分析，说明相互信任会极大促进公司的良性发展，为公司和个人创造双赢的结果。 第三段：总结全文，重申自己的观点，强调雇主和员工之间建立信任的重要性。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：M: What’s all that? Are you going to make a salad?W: No, I’m going to make a gazpacho.M: What’s that?W: ［1］ Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain.

It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad.M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.W: It’s delicious. Trust me! I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, it gets very hot in summer, up to 42℃, so a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup.W: No. Bread is crushed and blended in, like everything else. ［2］ It adds texture and thickness to the soup.M: Mmm… ［3-1］ And is it healthy?W: ［3-2］ Sure. As I said earlier, it’s mostly vegetables. You can also add different things if you like such as half-boiled egg or cured ham.M: Cured ham? What’s that?W: That’s another Spanish delicacy. Have you never heard of it? It’s quite famous.M: No. Is it good too?W: Oh, yeah, definitely. It’s amazing. It’s a little dry and salty. ［4］ And it is very expensive because it comes from a special type of pig that only eats a special type of food. The ham is covered in salt to dry and preserve it, and left to hang for up to two years. It has a very distinct favor.M: Mmm, sounds interesting. Where can I find some?W: It used to be difficult to get Spanish produce here, but it’s now a lot more common. Most large supermarket chains have cured ham in little packets. But in Spain, you can buy a whole leg.M: A whole pig leg? Why would anybody want so much ham?W: In Spain, many people buy a whole leg for special group events such as Christmas. They cut it themselves into very thin slices with a long flat knife.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What do we learn about gazpacho?2. For what purpose is stale bread mixed into gazpacho?3. Why does the woman think gazpacho is healthy?4. What does the women say about cured ham?

2．

A．It is a typical salad. B．It is a Spanish soup. C．It is a weird vegetable. D．It is a kind of spicy food.

正确答案：B

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的salad，soup，vegetable，spicy food等词可以推测，该题可能涉及对某种食物的具体描述。题干问的是关于凉菜汤，我们可以了解到什么。对话中女士说凉菜汤是来自西班牙的一种凉汤。故答案为B(它是·种西班牙汤)。A项(它是一种典型的沙拉)、C项(它是一种奇怪的蔬菜)和D项(它是一种比较辣的食物)均与对话不符，故排除。

3．

A．To make it thicker.

B．To make it more nutritious. C．To add to its appeal. D．To replace an ingredient.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，均为动词不定式结构，再根据选项中出现的thicker，

nutritious，appeal，replace等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某种食物原材料的作用。题干问的是在凉菜汤中加入不新鲜的面包的目的是什么。对话中女士说面包可以增加汤的质地和黏稠度。故答案为A(使汤更黏稠)。B项(为了使它更有营养)、C项(为了使它更有吸引力)和D项(为了替换一种原料)均与对话不符，故排除。

4．

A．It contains very little fat. B．It uses olive oil in cooking. C．It uses no artificial additives. D．It is mainly made of vegetables.

正确答案：D

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的little fat，olive oil，no artificial additives，vegetables等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某食物的优点或评价等内容。题干问的是为什么女士认为凉菜汤是健康的。对话中男士问女士凉菜汤是否健康，女士回答说当然了，它主要是由蔬菜做成的。故答案为D(它主要是由蔬菜做成的)。A项(它脂肪含量低)和C项(它不含人工添加剂)在对话中均未提及，故排除。B项(它在烹饪的时候使用橄榄油)与题干所问不符，使用橄榄油并不是女士认为凉菜汤健康的理由，故排除。

5．

A．It does not go stale for two years. B．It takes no special skill to prepare. C．It comes from a special kind of pig. D．It is a delicacy blended with bread.

正确答案：C

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的go stale，special skill，comes from，delicacy等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某食物的特点。题干问的是关于腌制火腿，我们可以了解到什么。对话中女士说腌制火腿很贵，因为它取材于一种特殊的猪，这种猪只吃一种特殊的食物。故答案为C(它取材于一种特殊的猪)。A项(它两年内不会坏)与对话内容不符，对话中说的是它需要悬挂风干两年，故排除。B项(准备它不需要特别的技能)和D项(它是一种和面包混合的美昧佳肴)在对话中均未提及，故排除。

听力原文：M: Hello, I wish to buy a bottle of wine.W: Hi, yes. What kind of wine would you like?M: I don’t know. Sorry, I don’t know much about wine.W: That’s no problem at all. What’s the occasion and how much would you like to spend?M: It’s for my boss. It’s his birthday. I know he likes wine, but I don’t know what type. I also do not want anything too expensive. Maybe mid-range. How much would you say is a mid-range bottle of a wine approximately?W: Well, it varies greatly. ［5］ Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, but those are table wines. They are not very special and I would not suggest them as a gift. On the other end, our most expensive bottles are over $150. If you are looking for something priced in the middle,

I would say anything between $30 and $60 would make a decent gift. How does that sound?M: Mmm, yeah. ［6］ I guess something in the vicinity of 30 or 40 would be good. Which type would you recommend?W: ［7］ I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites and can usually be paired with food more easily. Our specialty here are Italian wines, and these tend to be fruity with medium acidity. ［8-1］ This one here is a Chianti which is perhaps Italy’s most famous type of red wine. Alternatively, you may wish to try and surprise your boss with something less common such as this Zinfandel. The grapes are originally native to Croatia, but this winery is in eastern Italy. And it has a more spicy and peppery flavor. So, to summarize, the Chianti is more classical and Zinfandel more exciting. Both are similarly priced at just under $40.M: ［8-2］ I’ll go with Chianti then, thanks.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman think of table wines?6. What is the price range of wine the man will consider?7. Why does the woman recommend red wines?8. What do we learn about the wine the man finally bought?

6．

A．They come in a great variety. B．They do not make decent gifts. C．They do not vary much in price. D．They go well with Italian food.

正确答案：B

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的variety，decent sifts，price，go well with等词可以推测，该题可能涉及对某种酒的看法。题于问的是女士是怎么看待佐餐酒的。对话中女士说价格最低的酒大约6美元一瓶，但是都是佐餐酒，并不是很特别，她不建议选它们做礼物。故答案为B(它们不是体面的礼物)。A项(它们种类繁多)、C项(它们在价格上变化不大)和D项(它们和意大利食物很搭配)均与对话不符，故排除。

7．

A．$30-$40. B．$40 - $50. C．$50-$60.

D．Around $150.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的表示价格的数字可以推测，该题可能涉及某种酒的价格范围。题干问的是男士会考虑什么价格区间的酒。对话中男士说价格在30到40美元的酒就可以。故答案为A(30到40美元)。B项(40到50美元)、C项(50到60美元)和D项(150美元左右)均与对话不符．故排除。

8．

A．They are a healthy choice for elderly people. B．They are especially popular among Italians.

C．They symbolize good health and longevity. D．They go well with different kinds of food.

正确答案：D 解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的healthy，popular，longevity，go well with等词可以推测，该题可能涉及选择某种酒的原因或者是对某种酒的描述。题干问的是女士为什么推荐红酒。对话中女士说红酒是最安全的选择，它们通常比白葡萄酒更受欢迎，并且也更容易搭配食物。故答案为D(它们可以和不同的食物进行搭配)。A项(它们对老年人来说是健康的选择)、B项(它们很受意大利人欢迎)和C项(它们代表着健康和长寿)在对话中均未提及，故排除。

9．

A．It is a wine imported from California. B．It is less spicy than all other red wines. C．It is far more expensive than he expected. D．It is Italy’ s most famous type of red wine.

正确答案：D

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的imported，less spicy，expensive，famous等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某种酒的特点。题干问的是关于男士最终买的那种酒，我们可以了解到什么。对话最后提到男士最后选择买基安蒂，之前女士介绍说基安蒂是意大利最著名的一种红酒。A项(它是从加利福尼亚进口的红酒)和B项(它没有其他的红酒浓烈)在对话中均未提及，故排除。C项(比他预期的要贵的多)与对话内容不符，对话中说基安蒂的价格在40美元以下，符合男士预期，故排除。

Section B

听力原文： ［9］ Many people enjoy secret codes. The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out. In war time, codes are especially important. They help army send news about battles and the size of enemy forces. Neither side wants its codes broken by the other. ［11］ One very important code was never broken. It was used during World War Ⅱ by the Americans. It was a spoken code never written down. And it was developed and used by Navajo Indians. They were called “the Navajo code talkers”. The Navajos created the code in their own language. Navajo is hard to learn, and only a few people know it. So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used code words. They called a submarine an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand a potato. If they wanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of the Alphabet. For instance, the letter A was ant or apple or ax. The code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would be assigned to a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group. And he would relay the information to his commander. ［10］ The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped troops coordinate their

movements and attacks. After the war, the U.S. government honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartime code ever used.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.What does the speaker say many people enjoy doing?10.What do we learn about the Navajo code talkers?11.What is the speaker mainly talking about?

10．

A．Learning others’ secrets. B．Searching for information. C．Decoding secret messages. D．Spreading sensational news.

正确答案：C

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的learning，searching，decoding，spreading等词可以推测，该题可能涉及要做的事情等内容。题干问的是据讲话者所说，很多人喜欢做什么。短文开头提到，很多人都喜欢密码，密码越难，就有越多的人想要破解它。故答案为C(破解秘密信息)。A项(了解别人的秘密)、B项(搜寻信息)和D项(传播耸人听闻的新闻)原文均未提及，故排除。

11．

A．They helped the U. S. army in World War Two. B．They could write down spoken codes promptly. C．They were assigned to decode enemy messages. D．They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的helped，write，decode，breaking等词可以推测，该题可能涉及对某些人的评价或者描述。题干问的是关于纳瓦霍族密码员，我们可以了解到什么。短文最后提到，纳瓦霍族密码员在几次战役中都发挥了巨大的作用。他们帮助协调他们的行动和袭击。第二次世界大战结束之后，美国对他们取得的成就进行了表彰。故答案为A(他们在第二次世界大战中帮助了美国)。B项(他们能够立刻写下口语密码)、C项(它们被指派破解敌人的密码)和D项(他们擅长破解敌人的密码)原文均未提及，故排除。

12．

A．Important battles fought in the Pacific War. B．Decoding of secret messages in war times. C．A military code that was never broken.

D．Navajo Indians’ contribution to code breaking.

正确答案：C

解析：浏览四个选项，四个选项都是名词短语且表述的是四个不同的方面，由此可以推测，该题可能涉及文章的主旨大意。题干问的是讲话者主要讲的是什么。短文中提到，有一种很重要的密码从来没被破解，它被美国人用于第二次世界大战中。紧接着就详细描述了这种密码，故答案为C(一种从未被破解的军事

密码)。A项(太平洋战争中的重要战役)、B项(战争时期秘密信息的破解)和D项(纳瓦霍印第安人对破解密码的贡献)均不是文章的主要内容，故排除。

听力原文： If you are young and thinking about your career, you want to know where you can make a living. Well, ［12］ there’s going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge-intensive jobs in the next twenty years. Particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills. One is teaching, and the other, healthcare. You have so many applications and software and platforms that are going to come in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of healthcare and education sectors would be radically changed and a lot of jobs will be lost. Now, where will the new jobs be found? ［13］ Well, the one sector of the economy that can’t be easily duplicated by even smart technologies is the caring sector, the personal care sector. That is, you can’t really get a robot to do a great massage or physically therapy. Or you can’t get the kind of personal attention you need with regard to therapy or any other personal service. They could be very high and personal services. ［14］ Therapists do charge a lot of money. I think there’s no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care people would like if they could afford it. But the real question in the future is how can people afford these things if they don’t have money because they can’t get a job that pays enough. ［15］ That’s why I wrote this book which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes to what we used to consider high income work.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What does the speaker say will happen in the next twenty years?13. Where will young people have more chances to find jobs?14. What does the speaker say about therapists?15. What is the speaker’s book about?

13．

A．All services will be personalized.

B．A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced. C．Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry. D．More information will be available.

正确答案：B

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的services，will，personalized，jobs，replaced，revolutionize，information等词可以推测，该题可能涉及未来的职业变化。题干问的是根据讲话者所说，接下来的20年会发生什么。短文中提到，在接下来的20年，科技会替代大多数知识密集型工作。故答案为B(很多知识密集型工作会被替代)。A项(所有的服务都会个性化)、C项(科技会使各行各业发生变革)和D项(人们可以获得更多的信息)均与原文不符，故排除。

14．

A．In the robotics industry. B．In the information service. C．In the personal care sector. D．In high-end manufacturing.

正确答案：C 解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的robotics，information service，personal care sector，manufacturing等词可以推测，该题可能涉及行业领域。题干问的是年轻人在哪个行业更有可能找到工作。短文中提到，即使是智能科技也不能轻易替代的经济领域是护理行业，尤其是个人护理行业。故答案为C(在个人护理行业)。A项(在自动化行业)、B项(在信息服务行业)和D项(在高端制造业)原文均未提及，故排除。

15．

A．They charge high prices. B．They need lots of training.

C．They cater to the needs of young people. D．They focus on customers’ specific needs.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的charge，need，cater to，focus on等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某个行业的具体特点。题干问的是关于理疗师，讲话者说了什么。短文中提到，理疗师确实要价很高。故答案为A(他们要价很高)。B项(他们需要很多培训)、C项(他们迎合年轻人的需要)和D项(他们关注顾客的特定需求)原文均未提及，故排除。

16．

A．The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years. B．The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs. C．The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people’ s lives. D．The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.

正确答案：B

解析：浏览四个选项，四个选项都是名词短语且表述的是四个不同的方面，由此可以推测，该题可能涉及文章主旨大意。题干问的是讲话者的书主要是讲什么的。短文最后提到，当科技为我们过去认为高薪的工作带来毁灭性的变化时，我们未来该如何重组经济，这就是说话者的书所讲的内容。故答案为B(科技对传统高薪职业的破坏)。A项(在接下来20年，教育和医疗保健行业需求的增加)、C项(新科技会为人们生活带来的巨大变化)和D项(人们希望拥有大量的个人保养服务)均不是书里的主要内容，故排除。

Section C

听力原文： American researchers have discovered the world’s oldest paved road, a 4,600-year-old highway. ［16］ It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to waterways that carried blocks to monument sites along the Nile. The eight-mile road is at least 500 years older than any previously discovered road. It is the only paved road discovered in ancient Egypt, said geologist Thomas Bown of the U.S.

Geological Survey. He reported the discovery on Friday. “The road probably doesn’t rank with the pyramids as a construction feat, but it is a major engineering achievement,” said his colleague, geologist James Harrell of the University of Toledo. “Not only is the road earlier than we thought possible, we didn’t even think they built roads.” ［17］ The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of the road: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. “This is the oldest example of saws being used for cutting stone,” said Bown’s colleague James Hoffmeier of Wheaton College in Illinois. “That’s two technologies we didn’t know they had,” Harrell said. “And we don’t know why they were both abandoned.” The road was discovered in the Faiyum Depression, about 45 miles southwest of Cairo. Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize its significance or follow up on their observations. Bown and his colleagues stumbled across it while they were doing geological mapping in the region. ［18］ The road was clearly built to provide services for the newly discovered stone pit. Bown and Harrell have found the camp that housed workers at the stone pit. The road appears today to go nowhere, ending in the middle of the desert. When it was built, its terminal was a dock on the shore of Lake Moeris, which had an elevation of about 66 feet above sea level, the same as the dock. Lake Moeris received its water from the annual floods of the Nile. At the time of the floods, the river and lake were at the same level and connected through a gap in the hills near the modern villages of el-Lahun and Hawara. Harrell and Bown believe that blocks were loaded onto barges during the dry season, then floated over to the Nile during the floods to be shipped off to the monument sites at Giza and Saqqara.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What do we learn from the lecture about the world’s oldest paved road in Egypt?17. What did the researchers discover in the stone pit?18. For what purpose was the paved road built?

17．

A．It was the longest road in ancient Egypt. B．It was constructed some 500 years ago. C．It lay 8 miles from the monument sites. D．It linked a stone pit to some waterways.

正确答案：D 解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的the longest road，constructed，miles，linked等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某条道路的具体信息。题干问的是关于在埃及的世界第一条铺面道路，我们可以从演讲者那里了解到什么。讲座中提到，它把埃及沙漠地区的采石场和水路连接到一起。故答案为D(它连接采石场和水路)。A项(它是古埃及最长的道路)原文未提及，故排除。B项(它大约建于500年之前)与原文不符，原文说的是它比之前发现的任何道路都要早至少500年，故排除。C项(它距离古迹遗址8英里)与原文不符，原文说的是这条路长8英里，而不是它距离古迹遗址8英里，故排除。

18．

A．Saws used for cutting stone. B．Traces left by early explorers. C．An ancient geographical map. D．Some stone tool segments.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的saws，traces，map，tool等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某件物品。题干问的是研究员在采石场发现了什么。讲座中提到，研究员在路的北边尽头的采石场上发现了埃及人使用石锯的证据，这是锯被用于切割石头的最古老的例子。故答案为A(用于切割石头的锯)。B项(早期探险者留下的足迹)、C项(古老的地图)和D项(一些石具碎片)原文均未提及，故排除。

19．

A．To transport stones to block floods. B．To provide services for the stone pit. C．To link the various monument sites. D．To connect the villages along the Nile.

正确答案：B

解析：浏览四个选项，均为动词不定式结构，再根据选项中的transport，provide，link，connect等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某种东西或工具的用途。题干问的是建造铺面道路的目的是什么。讲座中提到，道路很显然是为了向新发现的采石场提供服务而建造的。故答案为B(为采石场提供服务)。A项(为了运输石头以阻挡洪水)、C项(为了连接不同的古迹遗址)和D项(为了连接尼罗河边的村庄)原文均未提及，故排除。

听力原文： ［19-1］ The thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr.Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. ［19-2］ Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely, into my right arm, and then into both my closed eyelids. There wasn’t any discomfort, just a mild warming sensation. However, I did begin to wonder what had driven me here, to the office of Dr.James Gong, in New York’s Chinatown. Then I remembered—the torturing pain in that left elbow. ［20-1］ Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis. “Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,” the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor. ［20-2］ During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and try acupuncture. A Chinese-American friend recommended Dr.Gong. I took the subway to Gong’s second-floor office, marked with a hand-painted sign. Dr.Gong speaks English, but not often. Most of my questions to him were greeted with a friendly laugh, but I managed to let him know where my arm hurt. He asked me to go into a room, had me lie down on a bed, and went to work. In the next room, I learned, a woman dancer was also getting a treatment. As I lay there a while, I drifted into a dream-like state and fantasized about

what she looks like. Acupuncturists today are as likely to be found on Park Avenue as on Mott Street. In all, there are an estimated 10,000 acupuncturists in the country. Nowadays, a lot of M.D.s have learned acupuncture techniques, so have a number of dentists. ［21］ Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately explain how acupuncture works. Acupuncturists may say that the body has more than 800 acupuncture points. A life force called Qi circulates through the body. Points on the skin are energetically connected to specific organs, body structures and systems. Acupuncture points are stimulated to balance the circulation of Qi. The truth is, though acupuncture is at least 2,200 years old, “nobody really knows what’s happening,” says Paul Zmiewski, a Ph.D. in Chinese studies who practices acupuncture in Philadelphia. After five treatments, there has been dramatic improvement in my arm, and the pain is a fraction of what it was. The mainly silent Dr.Gong finally even offered a diagnosis for what troubled me. “Pinched nerve,” he said.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What does the speaker find especially strange?20. Why did the speaker go see Dr.Gong?21. What accounts for the growing popularity of acupuncture in the U.S., according to the speaker?

20．

A．Dr. Gong didn’ t give him any conventional tests. B．Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign. C．Dr. Gong didn’ t ask him any questions about his pain. D．Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.

正确答案：D

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的give，marked，ask，slipped in等词可以推测，该题可能涉及治疗时的具体做法。题干问的是演讲者发现了什么特别奇怪的现象。讲座开头提到，细细的、尖尖的针扎进左胳膊的时候一点也不疼，奇怪的是，其他的针扎到了演讲者的左手腕、右胳膊上，然后是紧闭的眼皮上。故答案为D(龚医生在他不疼的地方行针)。A项(龚医生没有对他进行任何常规检查)、B项(龚医生的办公室用的手工制作的门牌)和C项(龚医生没有询问任何关于他的病痛的问题)均不是演讲者觉得奇怪的地方，故排除。

21．

A．He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work. B．Dr. Gong was very famous in New York’ s Chinatown. C．Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain. D．He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.

正确答案：C 解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的wonders，famous，failed，unaffordable等词可以推测，该题可能涉及做某事的原因。题干问的是为什么演讲者去找龚医生看病。讲座中提到演讲者去了医院好几次，并做了两次昂贵而又不舒服的检查，但是都没有什么用；在为了看骨科医生白白等了几个小时之后，他决定试试针灸。故答案为C(之前的治疗没有减轻他的疼痛)。A项(他听说了针灸的神奇作用)、B

项(龚医生在纽约的唐人街十分出名)和D项(他负担不起昂贵的医疗检查费用)原文均未提及，故排除。

22．

A．More and more patients ask for the treatment. B．Acupuncture techniques have been perfected. C．It doesn’ t need the conventional medical tests. D．It does not have any negative side effects.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的patients，perfected，need，negative side effects等词可以推测，该题可能涉及对某项治疗的具体描述。题干问的是在演讲者看来，是什么导致针灸在美国越来越受欢迎。讲座中提到，针灸越来越流行的原因是病人有需求。故答案为A(越来越多的病人要求这项治疗)。B项(针灸技术已经十分完善)、C项(它不需要常规的医疗检查)和D项(它没有任何副作用)原文均未提及，故排除。

听力原文： Ronald and Louis married for two decades consider themselves a happy couple. ［22］ But in the early years of their marriage both were disturbed by persistent arguments that seem to fade away without ever being truly resolved. They uncovered clues towards what was going wrong by researching a fascinating subject: How birth order affects not only your personality but also how compatible you are with your mate. ［23］ Ronald and Louis are only children, and “onlies” grow up accustomed to be the apple of parents’ eyes. Match two “onlies”, and you have partners who subconsciously expect each other to continue fulfilling this expectation, while neither has much experience in the giving end. Here is a list of common birth order characteristics, and some thoughts on the best and worst marriage or matches for each. ［24］ The oldest tends to be self-assured, responsible, a high-achiever and relatively serious and reserved. He may be slow to make friends, perhaps content with only one companion. The best matches are with a youngest, an only or a mate raised in a large family. The worst match is with another oldest, since the two will be too sovereign to share a household comfortably. The youngest child of the family thrives on attention, and tends to be out-going, adventurous, optimistic, creative and less ambitious than others in the family. He may lack self-discipline, and have difficulty making decisions on his own. A youngest brother of brothers, often unpredictable and romantic, will match best with an oldest sister of brothers. The youngest sister of brothers is best matched with an oldest brother of sisters who will happily indulge these traits. The middle child is influenced by many variables. However, “middles” are less likely to take initiative, and more anxious and self-critical than others. “Middles” often successfully marry other “middles”, since both are strong on tact, not so strong on aggressiveness, and tend to crave affection. ［25］ The only child is often most comfortable when alone. But since an only tends to be a well-adjusted individual, she’ll eventually learn to relate to any chosen spouse. The male only child expects his wife to make life easier without getting much in

return. He is sometimes best matched with a younger sister of brothers. The female only child who tends to be slightly more flexible is well matched with an older man who will indulge her tendency to test his love. Her worst match? Another only. Of course.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. What does the speaker say about Ronald and Louis’s early years of married life?23. What do we learn about Ronald and Louis?24. What does the speaker say about the oldest child in a family?25. What does the speaker say about the only children?

23．

A．They were on the verge of breaking up. B．They were compatible despite differences.

C．They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments. D．They argued persistently about whether to have children.

正确答案：C

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的breaking up，quarreled，argued等词可以推测，该题可能涉及两个人的关系如何。题干问的是关于罗纳德和路易斯的早期婚姻生活，演讲者说了什么。讲座中提到，在他们的早期婚姻生活中，两个人都为无休止的争吵感到苦恼，这些争论似乎在没有得到真正解决的情况下消失了。故答案为C(他们经常争吵并且从来没有解决过问题)。A项(他们在分手的边缘)、B项(他们摒弃差异，互相包容)和D项(他们为是否要孩子不停争吵)原文均未提及，故排除。

24．

A．Neither of them has any brothers or sisters. B．Neither of them won their parents’ favor. C．They weren’t spoiled in their childhood.

D．They didn’ t like to be the apple of their parents’ eyes.

正确答案：A

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的。neither of them，they，spoiled等词可以推测，该题可能涉及对两个人的具体描述。题干问的是关于罗纳德和路易斯，我们可以了解到什么。讲座中提到，他们两个都是独生子女，而独生子女习惯了做父母的掌上明珠。故答案为A(他们两个都没有兄弟或者姐妹)。B项(他们两个都不被父母喜爱)、C项(他们两个在童年时期都没有被溺爱)和D项(他们不喜欢做父母的掌上明珠)原文均未提及，故排除。

25．

A．They are usually good at making friends. B．They tend to be adventurous and creative. C．They are often content with what they have. D．They tend to be self-assured and responsible.

正确答案：D

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的good at，adventurous，creative，

content with，self-assured，responsible等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某人的性格特点。题干问的是关于家中最大的孩子，演讲者说了什么。讲座中提到，最大的孩子常常很自信、有责任心，能取得较高的成就，而又相对严肃和克制。故答案为D(他们常常很自信和有责任心)。A项(他们通常善于交朋友)与原文内容不符，原文中说的是他们交朋友很慢，可能只有一个伙伴，故排除。B项(他们喜欢冒险并且具有创造力)是最小孩子的特点，故排除。C项(他们对自己拥有的东西很满足)原文未提及，故排除。

26．

A．They enjoy making friends. B．They tend to be well adjusted.

C．They are least likely to take initiative. D．They usually have successful marriages.

正确答案：B

解析：浏览四个选项，根据选项中出现的they，well adjusted，take initiative，successful marriages等词可以推测，该题可能涉及某个群体的特征。题干问的是关于独生子女，演讲者说了什么。讲座中提到，独生子女在自己独处的时候最舒服，但由于独生子女是适应能力很强的个体，她最终会学会和她选择的任何一个伴侣建立关系。故答案为B(他们适应能力很强)。A项(他们喜欢交朋友)、C项(他们最没有可能采取主动)和D项(他们通常拥有成功的婚姻)原文均未提及，故排除。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration. Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and【C1】______humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has【C2】______comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones. A lot of clever people are【C3】______about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so【C4】______that they’ 11 murder all of us. These fears are mostly【C5】______: as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care. And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could,【C6】______, be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required【C7】______intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’ s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the【C8】______user to save money and time, freeing up【C9】______space in our busy lives to read a good book. That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’ s latest【C10】______, and wish him

well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since

journalism is one job robots will never do.A) amassed I) misleadingB) casual J) preciousC) emotional K) rewardD) enabling L) smartE) eventually M) sphereF) exaggerated N) terrifiedG) extravagant O) venture H) generously

27． 【C1】

正确答案：D

解析：空格前为并列连词and，空格后为名词humans，分析句子结构可知，空格与前面的bringing并列，故本空需要填入一个动词的现在分词。结合句意可知，他正在将电动汽车推向大众市场，使人类能够在其他行星上生活。备选项中只有enabling(使能够)符合句意，故答案为D。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：A

解析：分析句子结构可知，句子主干为the…fortune…comes from…，this entrepreneur has…为定语从句，修饰先行词fortune。空格前为助动词has，故本空需要填入一个动词的过去分词。结合句意可知，这听起来像是在夸夸其谈，但这位企业家所积累的近130亿美元的财富都来自实际成就，而非凭空想象出来的成就。备选项中只有amassed(积聚，积累)符合句意，故答案为A。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：N

解析：空格前为be动词are，空格后为介词about，故本空需要填入一个形容词。结合句意可知，许多聪明人士都对人工智能感到恐惧，担心机器人有一天会变得太智能，以至于将人类终结。备选项中只有terrified(感到恐惧的)符合句意，且与后面的fearing形成照应关系，故答案为N。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：L

解析：空格前为系动词become和副词so，空格后为连词that，故本空需要填入一个形容词。结合句意可知，许多聪明人士担心机器人有一天会变得太智能，以至于将人类终结。备选项中只有smart(聪明的，智能的)符合句意，故答案为L。

31． 【C5】

正确答案：F

解析：空格前为be动词ale和副词mostly，故本空需要填入一个形容词。结

合句意可知，这些担忧大多是夸大其词的：就像对基因改造的恐惧一样，但通常我们人类的聪明才智足以快速而谨慎地处理这些问题。备选项中只有exaggerated(夸张的，夸大的)符合句意，故答案为F。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：E

解析：分析句子结构可知，空格所在句子不缺少成分，故本空只能填入一个副词。结合句意可知，最终，家用机器人可能把保姆和护士的角色集于一身。备选项中只有eventually(最后，终于)符合句意，故答案为E。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：C

解析：空格前为动词required，空格后为名词intelligence，故本空需要填入一个形容词。结合句意可知，或者，即使所需的情感智力超出了马斯克所设想的机器人的能力范围，但至少会有人帮你切胡萝卜、洗车和修剪草坪。备选项中只有emotional(情感的，情绪的)符合句意，故答案为C。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：B

解析：空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词user，故本空需要填入一个形容词。结合句意可知，一经购买和培训，这将为临时用户节省金钱和时问。备选项中只有casual(随便的，临时的)符合句意，故答案为B。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：J 解析：空格前为介词up，空格后为名词space，故本空需要填入一个形容词。结合句意可知，一经购买和培训，这将为临时用户节省金钱和时间，在我们繁忙的生活中腾出宝贵的空闲时光去阅读一本好书。备选项中只有precious(宝贵的，珍稀的)符合句意，故答案为J。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：O

解析：空格前为名词所有格Mr．Musk’s和形容词latest，故本空需要填入一个名词。结合句意可知，这就是我们为什么期待马斯克先生的最新尝试，并希望他一切顺利的原因。备选项中只有venture(风险，尝试)符合句意，故答案为O。

Section B

In the Real World, Nobody Cares that You Went to an Ivy League

School [A] As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled (尽力应付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church’ s youth group and drama team. I didn’ t drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn’ t have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a “ top school”. [B] Looking back now, nine years later, I can’ t remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe. “I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition,” notes Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. “ I don’ t necessarily think that’ s a reason to go to one. “ [C] In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bit snobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculums to be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University’ s (NYU) campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed. (NYU is consistently ranked one of the country’ s most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $,000 a year.) Up until then, I hadn’ t truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn’ t even afford the ones where I’ d been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY) , Rutgers University, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating my college search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my times weren’ t quite fast enough to secure a scholarship. [D] And so, at 11pm on the night of Georgia State University’ s (GSU) midnight deadline, I applied online. Rated No. 466 overall on Forbes’ Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in the South, I can’t say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City. [E] While it may have been practical, it wasn’t prestigious. But here’s the thing: I loved my “lower-tier” (低层次的) university. (I use the term “low-tier” cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt? [F] My school didn’t come pre-packaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championing for us to succeed in. What I’ m saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it. [G] I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally).

When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born. [H] So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors have more glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU, Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I’ ve ever had was due to a connection—one that I’ ve gained through pure determination, not a school brand. [I] According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor’ s in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that’ s the thing universities don’ t want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that’ s your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you. [J] Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and a resum6 boost. But you needn’ t attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE’ s first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn’ t necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance. [K] The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school. [L] Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you’ d expect. Big name schools are not necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU. [M] It’ s possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational resume, but it’ s no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars. [N] Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I’ d still make the same choice. Today I’ m debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can’t predict what you’ 11 find on the inside.

37． Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.

正确答案：J

解析：该段第三句作者列举了三位成功校友。第四句提到，成功人士无论在哪里上学，都会取得成功，而低层次学校也可以拥有与名校一样强大的校友网络。题干中的modest institutions对应于原文中的lower-tier schools，strong alumni networks与原文一致，故答案为J。

38． The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.

正确答案：G

解析：该段末句提到，作者用高中时赚到的钱支付生活费用和书费。题干中的living expenses and books对应于原文中的living costs and books，故答案为G。

39． The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.

正确答案：C 解析：该段前四句描述了作者选择大学的过程，接着第五句提到，直到那时，作者才真正意识到教育的成本有多昂贵。题干中的how costly college education could be是对原文中how expensive an education can be的同义转述，故答案为C。

40． A recent study found that a graduate’ s salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.

正确答案：K

解析：该段末句提到，研究人员发现，无论就读于哪所学校，潜力更大的学生在成年后赚的钱更多，反之亦然。可见，题干是对该句话的同义转述，故答案为K。

41． The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.

正确答案：B

解析：该段首句提到，九年后的现在回想起来，作者已记不清这些大学究竟为什么看起来要比其他学校好得多。题干中的cannot recall for sure对应于原文中的can’t remember exactly，appear a lot better对应于原文中的seem so much better，故答案为B。

42． None of the author’ s job interviewers cared which college she went to.

正确答案：H

解析：该段第四句提到，作者在参加面试时，没有一位面试官问过她的教育背景。题干中的cared which college she went to是对原文中asked me about my educational background的同义转述，故答案为H。

43． The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.

正确答案：N

解析：该段第三句提到，无论如何，如果再给作者一次机会，她仍然会做出同样的选择。题干是对原文这句话的同义转述，故答案为N。

44． In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.

正确答案：A

解析：该段前三句提到，高三时候，作者的一切生活都以考入一所合适的大学为中心。她刻苦努力，参加了SAT、ACT考试和预科考试准备课程。她还同时参加了越野比赛和田径赛跑，还要当报纸工作人员，还是教会青年组合和戏剧团队的成员。可见题干是对这三句话的总结概括，故答案为A。

45． The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.

正确答案：E

解析：该段前两句提到，虽然佐治亚州立大学可能比较实用，但并不是很有声望。但问题是：作者喜欢她的“低层次”大学。最后一句提到，毕竟，还有什么其他学校，能让你在毕业时拿到像样的学位，又不至于一辈子债务缠身呢?可见作者所在的大学费用较低，不会产生巨额债务。题干中的not prestigious与原文一致，less expensive对应于原文中的without a lifetime of debt，故答案为E。

46． Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.

正确答案：I

解析：该段前两句提到，据《波士顿环球报》报道，2012年获得学士学位的学生平均每月要支付312美元的贷款，比2004年的毕业生多出三分之一。总归，大学不想承认这一点。题干中的reluctant to admit对应于原文中的don’t want to admit，故答案为I。

Section C

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized

on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’ s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U. S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U. S. , making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U. S. Because of these differences, comparing France’ s consumption with the U. S. ‘ s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U. S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U. S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’ s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U. S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U. S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multidimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.

47． What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? A．It is based on questionable statistics. B．It reflects the economic changes. C．It evidences the improved welfare. D．It provides much food for thought.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。原文第二段第二句话指出，2015年美国人口普查局的报告得出的结果过于偏重一份统计数据，尽管该数据很有用，但是它是有缺陷的、不完整的。由此可知，作者认为这个普查报告的数据是有问题的，故答案为A。B、D两项原文均未提及，故排除。C项与原文不符，原文提及该报告显示，2015年家庭平均收入增长了5．2％，但这并不能证实经济福利提高了，故排除。

48． What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?

A．It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries. B．It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’ s livelihood. C．It focuses on people’ s consumption rather than their average income. D．It is a more comprehensive measure of people’ s economic well-being.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。原文第三段第二句话指出，查尔斯·琼斯和彼得·克莱诺最近发表的一篇文章中提出了一项衡量经济福利的新指标，虽然这个指标并不完美，但它比平均收人指标更全面，不仅考虑到人均消费的增长，还考虑了工作时间的变化、平均寿命和收人差距。由此可知，作者认为用琼斯一克莱诺法来衡量人们的经济福利会更全面一些，故答案为D。A项与原文不符，文中并没有提到该方法被广泛运用，故排除。B项原文未提及，故排除。C项与原文不符，琼斯一克莱诺法不仅仅关注人们的消费，平均收入、工作时间等因素也被考虑在内了，故排除。

49． What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?

A．It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B．It neglected many important indicators of people’ s welfare. C．It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D．It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。原文第五段第二句话指出，然而，这个对比忽略了其他一些相关的因素：业余时间、平均寿命和差距。业余时间、平均寿命和差距，这些都属于民生指标。由此可知，法国和美国人均实际消费的比较忽略了很多的指标，故答案为B。A项与原文不符，原文第五段指的是两国人均消费方面的差距，并不是说两国经济之间有很大的差距，属于无中生有，故排除。C、D两项原文均未提及，故排除。

50． What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?

A．It can accurately pinpoint a country’ s current economic problems. B．It can help to raise people’ s awareness of their economic well-being.

C．It can diagnose the causes of a country’ s slowing pace of economic improvement.

D．It can compare a country’ s economic conditions between different periods of time.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。原文倒数第二段第一句话指出，琼斯．克莱诺测量方法也可以评估不同时期的经济效益，由此可知，他们的测量方法还可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况，故答案为D。A、B两项原文未提及，故排除。C项与原文不符，它可以反映出一个国家经济增长放缓的现象，但原文中并没有提及可以诊断一个国家经济增长放缓的原因，故排除。

51． What can we infer from the passage about American people’ s economic well-being?

A．It is much better than that of their European counterparts. B．It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century. C．It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau. D．It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。原文第二段指出，美国人口普查局报告中的美国家庭平均收入增长的统计数据是有缺陷的、不完整的，人口普查的衡量标准没有包含税收等指标，其收入数据也不包括经济福利的重要决定因素，所以可以推断，美国人口经济福利增长幅度没有人口普查局报告的那么多，故答案为C。A项与原文不符，根据文章第五段的内容，我们可以得知，尽管调查数据显示法国的人均实际消费只有美国的60％，但作者认为该比较夸大了两国经济福利的差距，言外之意即法国与美国的经济差距并没有数据显示的那么大；第六段提到，根据琼斯．克莱诺衡量方法，英国的经济福利是美国经济福利的97％，由此可知英国的人民经济福利与美国相差无几，所以A项是错误的，故排除。B项与原文不符，美国的经济状况一直在提升，并不是在走下坡路，故排除。D项原文未提及，故排除。

If you’ ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were you...” or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’ s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’ s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’ t suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is “decision fatigue” , a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist. Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’ s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’ s because it’ s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says. But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. “ By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It’ s as if there’ s something fun and liberating about making someone else’ s choice.

“ Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. “ When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状) ,” he says. “But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome. “ In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered. “ Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’ t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.

52． What does the author say about people making decisions?

A．They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves. B．They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves. C．They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them. D．They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。原文第一段第二句话指出，我们的决策能力可能会在一天中逐渐耗尽，从而导致优柔寡断或决策欠佳。由此可知，我们可能会因为为自己做太多的决定而筋疲力尽，故答案为A。B项与原文不符，原文第一段指出，人们在为别人做决定时是愉快的，故排除。C、D两项原文未提及，故排除。

53． What does the example about the physicians illustrate? A．Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day. B．Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’ health. C．Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions. D．Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。原文第三段第一句话指出，那些已经工作了好几个小时的医生更有可能给病人开抗生素，即使这样做是不明智的，并且在第二段最后一句提到决策疲劳可能会对决策质量产生负面的影响。由此可知，医生在决策疲劳时开出抗生素的做法是不明智的，换句话说，决策疲劳会阻止人们做出明智的决定，故答案为C。A项原文未提及，故排除。B项与原文不符，原文只提到这样处理简单易行，并未提到抗生素可能对病人有害，故排除。D项推理过度，医生的例子并不是为了说明医生更容易受到决策疲劳的影响，而是决策疲劳会影响人们做出明智的决定，故排除。

54． When do people feel less decision fatigue? A．When they take decision shortcuts.

B．When they help others to make decisions. C．When they have major decisions to make. D．When they have advisers to turn to.

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。原文第四段第一句话指出，但是当你为别人做决定时，决策疲劳就消失了。由此可知，人们在为他人做决定时，很少出现决策疲劳，故答案为B。A项答非所问，采取决策捷径并不能减少人们决策疲劳的出现，故排除。C、D两项原文未提及，故排除。

55． What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A．They turn to physicians for advice. B．They tend to make risky decisions. C．They adopt a totally new perspective. D．They refrain from trying anything new.

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。原文第五段的倒数第二句话指出，当人们经历决策疲劳时——他们厌倦了做出选择_他们倾向于选择保持现状。由此可知，当人们面临决策疲劳时，他们会选择保持现状，也就是不尝试新的东西，故答案为D。A、C两项原文均未提及，故排除。B项与原文所述相反，原文提到人们感到决策疲劳时，可能会选择什么都不做，而不是做出冒险的决策，故排除。

56． What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A．It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. B．It is likely to entail serious consequences. C．It will enable people to be more creative. D．It will more often than not end in regret.

正确答案：A 解析：推理题。原文倒数第二段第一句话指出，为了获得成功的结果或奖励，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。由此可知，为了达到成功，做决定时所承担的风险是必要的，故答案为A。B、C、D三项原文均未提及，故排除。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在

一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。

正确答案： At present, China boasts the most extensive and fastest high-speed rail network in the world. The speed of the highspeed railway train will continue to rise and high-speed rail stations will be built in more cities. The high-speed railway train has significantly reduced the Chinese people’ s travel time. Compared with airplane, the remarkable merit of the high-speed railway train lies in its punctuality, for the reason that it basically stays immune to bad weather or traffic control. The highspeed railway train has greatly changed the way people live. Nowadays, it has emerged as the top transportation choice for business travelers. An increasing number of people also travel by the high-speed railway train during holidays. A large number of young people choose to work in a city while they live in a neighbouring one, because they can go to and from work by high-speed railway train every day.

解析： 本文共有八句话，可以分为四个部分。第一句话介绍了中国高速铁路网的地位。第二句话介绍了中国高铁未来的发展情况。第三句话和第四句话介绍了高铁的优势。第五句话到第八句话介绍了高铁如何改变了中国人的生活方式。1．第一句，本句介绍了中国高速铁路网的现状，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。但需要注意积累“高速铁路网”的译法，即“high-speed rail network”，写作时也可能会用到。2．第二句，本句介绍了高铁未来的发展态势，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。但需要注意该句介绍的是未来的发展情况，因此要用将来时。此外，还要注意积累“高铁列车”和“高铁站”的译法，即“high-speed railway train”和“high-speed rail stations”。3．第三句，本句介绍了高铁缩短了人们出行的时间，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。4．第四句，本句介绍了高铁较之飞机的优势，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。但需要注意积累“交通管制”的译法，即“traffic control”。此外，本句中的“不受……的影响”既可译为“be not influenced／affected by sth．”，又可译为“be free from sth．”或“be／stay／remain immune to sth．”。5．第五句，本句介绍了高铁对人们生活方式的影响，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。此外，本句中的“生活方式”既可以简单地译为“lifestyle”，又可译为“way of life”或“the way people live”。6．第六句，本句介绍了高铁在商务旅行者中很受欢迎，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。“很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具”即“很多商务旅行者的首选交通工具”。其中，“商务旅行者”可译为“business travelers”。7．第七句，本句介绍了高铁受假日出行者的欢迎，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。此句中“假日出行的人”既可译为“people travel during holidays”，又可译为“holidaymakers”。8．第八句，本句介绍了高铁对年轻人生活方式的影响，是一个简单句，翻译时直译即可。但需要注意的是句子中含有一个因果关系，即“年轻人之所以选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住是因为他们可以乘坐高铁上下班”，所以一定要添加一个表示因果关系的连词。