机房如何接地线

机房如何接地线

2008-12-08 13:31

计算机房如何接地线

在我们安装计算机机房及大型设备时，要求必须有单独的地线。如果地线做的不好很可能出现一些莫名其妙的故障，严重时可能损坏设备。什么是地线,如何安装地线,机房内部接地的要求是什么,下面就以上三方面谈一谈。

什么是地线,在设计计算机机房时要求有三条地线:防雷地线、保护地线、直流逻辑地线。

防雷地线一般使用建筑物的防雷地线。在高落雷区要构筑单独的避雷铁塔。 保护地线一般指零线:我国现在电力系统一般采用三相四线制供电，也就是进户线有三根火线(相线)一根零线。零线在变压器中性点接地。机房内配电箱外壳以及空调、新风机外壳和零线相接作为保护地线。计算机外壳不要和零线相接。

机房和大型设备安装时一般要求的地线指得是直流逻辑地线。

如何安装地线,地线安装时要求接地面积不能小于1M2。接地点距离建筑物大于1M。根据地质情况决定接地体所使用的物质。使用面积为1M2厚度为3mm以上的铜板最好，如为减少造价或找不到铜板，可以使用直径1.5英寸、长2.5M的镀锌铁管代

替。埋在距地面60cm以下。引出线使用不小于10mm2的铜线。作好引出线与接地体焊接处的防腐。在每个接地体处放一些木炭和工业盐。用摇表测量接地电阻小于4欧姆，掩埋好就可以了。如果接地电阻达不到要求可以使用2个、3个、4个接地体。每两个接地体距离为3M。3个接地体应接成三角形，4个接地体接成双三角形。

机房内部接地的要求是什么,机房内部设备要求并联接地。如果设备较少，就采用星形接地:每一个设备的地线单独与地线的引入端接在一起。如果设备较多可以做一个矩阵和地线引入端连接。设备接到矩阵的每一点都可以。测量零地电压达到要求就可以了。需要注意的是:零线绝对不能和地线接到一起～机房地线引入线和地线引出线间一定要有连接点，要求每年都要检查接地电阻

远离雷击如何建设网络机房接地系统

2010-03-22 11:15

目前，随着计算机和网络通信技术的高速发展，计算机网络系统对雷击的防护要求越来越高。由于对雷击的防护措施不力或存在认识上的偏差，往往起不到应有的防护效果，机房遭受到雷击频繁发生。特别是在雷雨季节，计算机网络系统的一些电子电气设备受到雷击的侵害，有些遭雷击而烧毁，造成巨大经济损失。计算机网络系统的防雷防护要引起足够重视，做到有备无患，对防雷设施进行整改，做好整体防护措施，才能更好地维护机房的安全运行。

关于接地的规范

国家标准《电子计算机机房设计规范》第四节有如下规定:

电子计算机机房接地装置的设置应满足人身的安全及电子计算机正常运行和系统设备的安全要求。电子计算机机房应采用下列四种接地方式:

escape from debt of the bank records of actual control of enterprise and its associated spouse obtained credit support strict precautions against serious adverse credit history of borrower (guarantor) and their spouses get the Bank crediting support. Implementation of the guarantee the guarantee personal credit business, investigators should verify a guarantor willing, guarantees or credits (MS) charge status, value and evaluation of liquidity. Arrival (mass) bet property value assessments to assessment company approved by the Bank to assess reported or recognized the value of the Bank confirmation shall prevail; investigators through market price than the reciprocal verification of charge values, prevention assessed value is too high, and so on. Mortgage, status check and to verify ownership, leasing and is imposed by the existence of a relocation, and other special situations. Customer access to Customer Manager product documentation standards set by States should be in accordance with the Bank select borrowers, guarantors and bet. Section II review review-approval staff should perform their duties strictly in accordance with authorized, prohibited Super license. Approval shall, in accordance with authorized, independent approval according to their own knowledge and experience. Review

交流工作接地

安全工作接地

直流工作接地

防雷接地

交流工作接地、安全保护接地、直流工作接地、防防雷接地等四种接地宜共用一组接地装置，其接地电阻按其中最小值确定;若防雷接地单独设置接地装置时，其余三种接地宜共用一组接地装置，其接地电阻不应大于其中最小值，并应按现行国标准《建筑防雷设计规范》要求采取防止反击措施。

对直流工作接地有特殊要求需单独设置接地装置的电子计算机系统，其接地电阻值及与其它接地装置的接地体之间的距离，应按计算机系统及有关规定的要求确定。电子计算机系统的接地应采取单点接地并宜采取等电位措施。

直流接地

直流工作接地是计算机系统中数字逻辑电路的公共参考零电位,即逻辑地。逻辑电路一般工作电平低,信号幅度小,容易受到地电位差和外界磁场的干扰,因此需要一个良好的直流工作接地,以消除地电位差和磁场的影响。机房直流工作接地线的接法通常有三种:串联法、汇集法、网格法。

串联法

在地板下敷设一条截面积为(0. 4,1. 5mm) ×(5,10mm) 的青铜(或紫铜) 带。各设备把各自的直流地就近接在地板下的这条铜皮带上。这种接法的优点是简单易行,缺点是铜带上的电流流向单一,阻抗不小,致使铜带上各点电位有些差异。这种接法一般用于较小的系统中。

汇集法

在地板下设置一块5,20mm厚、500 ×500mm 大小的铜板,各设备用多股屏蔽软线把各自的直流地都接在这块铜板上。这种接法也叫并联法,其优点是各设备的直流地无电位差,缺点是布线混乱。

网格法

用截面积为(2. 5mm ×50mm)左右的铜带,整个机房敷设网格地线(等电位接地母排),网格网眼尺寸与防静电地板尺寸一致,交叉点焊接在一起。各设备把自己的直流地就近连接在网格地线上。

这种方法的优点在于既有汇集法的逻辑电位参考点一致的优点,又有串联法连接简单的优点,而且还大大降低了计算机系统的内部噪声和外部干扰; 缺点是造价昂贵,施工复杂。

al according to their own knowledge and experience. Reviewly in accordance with authorized, prohibited Super license. Approval shall, in accordance with

authorized, independent approvapproval staff should perform their duties strict-ance with the Bank select borrowers, guarantors and bet. Section II review reviewher special situations. Customer access to Customer Manager product documentation standards set by States should be in accordand otoo high, and so on. Mortgage, status check and to verify ownership, leasing and is imposed by the existence of a relocation, prevail; investigators through market price than the reciprocal verification of charge values, prevention assessed value is tshall e assessments to assessment company approved by the Bank to assess reported or recognized the value of the Bank confirmation rantor willing, guarantees or credits (MS) charge status, value and evaluation of liquidity. Arrival (mass) bet property valua gua e Bank crediting support. Implementation of the guarantee the guarantee personal credit business, investigators should verifyned credit support strict precautions against serious adverse credit history of borrower (guarantor) and their spouses get thescape from debt of the bank records of actual control of enterprise and its associated spouse obtai2

这种方法适用于计算机系统较大、网络设备较多的大、中型计算机房。

交流工作地

计算机、网络设备是使用交流电的电气设备，这些设备按规定在工作时要进行工作接地,即交流电三相四线制中的中性线直接接入大地,这就是交流工作接地。中性点接地后,当交流电某一相线碰地时,由于此时中性点接地电阻只有几个欧姆,故接地电流就成为数值很

大的单相短路电流。

此时相应的保护设备能迅速地切断电源,从而保护人身和设备的安全。计算机系统交流工作地的实施,可按计算机系统和机房配套设施两种情况来考虑。如打印机、扫描仪、磁带机等，其中性点用绝缘导线串联起来，接到配电柜的中线上,然后通过接地母线将其接地;机房配套设施如空调中的压缩机、新风机组、稳压器、UPS 等设备的中性点应各自按电气规范的规定接地。

安全保护接地

安全保护接地就是将电气设备的金属外壳或机架通过接地装置与大地直接连接起来,其目的是防止因绝缘损坏或其他原因使设备金属外壳带电而造成触电的危险。

安装好安全保护接地后,由于安全保护接地线电阻远远小于人体电阻,设备金属外壳或机架的漏电被直接引入大地，人体接触带电金属外壳后不会有触电的危险。机房安全保护接地的接法是将机房内所有计算机系统设备的金属机壳用数根绝缘导线就近接入系统的安全保护接地线上。

机房内其它配套辅助设施,如空调中的压缩机、新风机组、稳压器、UPS 等设备的安全保护地应分别按有关的电气规范要求接地。现在许多计算机设备的电源线采用单相三线电缆,其中一条为火线(右),一条为中线(左),一条为地线(上)。这条地线在设备中联在金属外壳上。与设备相连的电源插座应采用三孔插座,统一连接安全保护地的接点。

防雷接地

雷电对设备的破坏主要有两类。第一类是直击雷的破坏,即雷电直击在建筑物或设备上,使其发热燃烧和机械劈裂破坏;第二类是感应雷的破坏，即雷电的第二次作用。强大的雷电磁场产生的电磁效应和静电效应使金属构件和电气线路产生高至数十万伏的感应电压，危机建筑物、设备甚至人身安全。

防雷接地在雷击的情况下，会有很大的电流通过流入大地,雷电流的幅值一般在数kA 至数百kA ，接地极及其附近的大地电位将产生瞬时高电位。如果在防雷接地极较近处有其它接地系统的接地极(接入端),就会产生干扰。所以,防雷接地与其它接地应严格分开,并保持一定的的距离，一般需大于20m。在雷电频繁区域,应装设浪涌电压吸收装置。

计算机房如果设在有防雷设施的建筑中,可不再考虑防雷接地。但如果在这种已有防雷装置的建筑物上再架设计算机网络通信接入设备,如卫星接收天线、微波接收天线或红外接收天线等设备，则必须另外敷设通信设备防雷接地。

nce with authorized, independent approval according to their own knowledge and experience. Reviewtaff should perform their duties strictly in accordance with authorized, prohibited Super license. Approval shall, in accordaapproval s-dards set by States should be in accordance with the Bank select borrowers, guarantors and bet. Section II review reviewy the existence of a relocation, and other special situations. Customer access to Customer Manager product documentation stansed bvalues, prevention assessed value is too high, and so on. Mortgage, status check and to verify ownership, leasing and is impo e value of the Bank confirmation shall prevail; investigators through market price

than the reciprocal verification of chargezed thidity. Arrival (mass) bet property value assessments to assessment company approved by the Bank to assess reported or recogniness, investigators should verify a guarantor willing, guarantees or credits (MS) charge status, value and evaluation of liqut busier (guarantor) and their spouses get the Bank crediting support. Implementation of the guarantee the guarantee personal credierprise and its associated spouse obtained credit support strict precautions against serious adverse credit history of borrowescape from debt of the bank records of actual control of ent3

接地系统的设计

机房接地系统其实不能单独自成一个的系统，必须要与建筑物的防雷与接地系统形成一个整体。所以我们有必要了解一些建筑物的接地系统原理，那就是等电位连接与共用接地系统。

共用接地系统是由接地装置(基础地或环形接地体)和等电位连接网络组成。采用共用接地系统的目的是达到均压、等电位以减小各种接地设备之间、不同系统之间的电位差。其接地电阻因采取了等电位连接，所以要按所有接入设备中要求接地电阻的最小值的那个决定。没有必要规定共用接地系统的接地电阻要小于1Ω。

建筑物内应设总等电位接地端子板(在最底楼层)，每层竖井内的接地干线上设置楼层等电位接地端子板，设备机房设置局部等电位接地端子板。图1所示是建筑物防雷区等电位连接及共用接地系统示意图。

al according to their own knowledge and experience. Reviewly in accordance with authorized, prohibited Super license. Approval shall, in accordance with authorized, independent approvapproval staff should perform their duties strict-ance with the Bank select borrowers, guarantors and bet. Section II review reviewher special situations. Customer access to Customer Manager product documentation standards set by States should be in accordand otoo high, and so on. Mortgage, status check and to verify ownership, leasing and is imposed by the existence of a relocation, prevail; investigators through market price than the reciprocal verification of charge values, prevention assessed value is tshall e assessments to assessment company approved by the Bank to assess reported or recognized the value of the Bank confirmation rantor willing, guarantees or credits (MS) charge status, value and evaluation of liquidity. Arrival (mass) bet property valua gua e Bank crediting support. Implementation of the guarantee the guarantee personal credit business, investigators should verifyned credit support strict precautions against serious adverse credit history of borrower (guarantor) and their spouses get thescape from debt of the bank records of actual control of enterprise and its associated spouse obtai4

nce with authorized, independent approval according to their own knowledge and experience. Reviewtaff should perform their duties strictly in accordance with authorized, prohibited Super license. Approval shall, in accordaapproval s-dards set by States should be in accordance with the Bank

select borrowers, guarantors and bet. Section II review reviewy the existence of a relocation, and other special situations. Customer access to Customer Manager product documentation stansed bvalues, prevention assessed value is too high, and so on. Mortgage, status check and to verify ownership, leasing and is impo e value of the Bank confirmation shall prevail; investigators through market price than the reciprocal verification of chargezed thidity. Arrival (mass) bet property value assessments to assessment company approved by the Bank to assess reported or recogniness, investigators should verify a guarantor willing, guarantees or credits (MS) charge status, value and evaluation of liqut busier (guarantor) and their spouses get the Bank crediting support. Implementation of the guarantee the guarantee personal credierprise and its associated spouse obtained credit support strict precautions against serious adverse credit history of borrowescape from debt of the bank records of actual control of ent5

三、机房接地方案

接地系统是机房环境的重要组成部分，它不仅直接影响机房通信设备的通信质量和机房电源系统的正常运行，还起到保护人身安全和设备安全的作用。 接地系统是由接地体、接地引入线、地线盘或接地汇接排和接地配线组成。接地系统的电阻主要由接地体附近的土壤电阻所决定。如果土壤电阻率较高，无法达到接地电阻小于 4 欧姆的要求，就必须采用人工降低接地电阻的方法。

1 、机房接地系统设计目标

在采用分散接地方式时，接地电阻要求如下:

( 1 )工作接地电阻 ?4Ω

( 2 )保护接地电阻 ?4Ω

( 3 )防雷接地电阻 ?10Ω

2 、综合接地系统要求:

1 )、计算机系统直流直接接地电阻小于 4 欧姆

2 )、计算机系统直流联合接地电阻小于 1 欧姆

3 )、交流工作接地系统接地电阻小于 4 欧姆

4 )、计算机系统安全保护接地电阻和静电接地小于 2 欧姆

5 )、防雷保护接地系统接地电阻小于 2 欧姆

3 、接地的种类

工作接地:利用大地作为工作回路的一条导线

保护接地:利用大地建立统一的参考电位或起屏蔽作用，以使电路工作稳定、质量良好，特别是保证设备和工作人员的安全。

重复接地:将零线上的多点与大地多次作金属性连接。

静电接地:设备移动或物体在管道中移动，因摩擦产生静电，它聚集在管到、容器和贮藏或加工设备上，形成很高电位，对人身安全及对设备和建筑物都有危险。作了静电接地，静电一旦产生，就导入地中，以消除其聚集的可能。 直流工作接地(也称逻辑接地、信号接地):计算机以及一切微电了设备，大部分采用 CMOS 集成电路，工作于较低的直流电压下，为使同一系统的电脑、微电子设备的工作电路具有同一 \" 电位 \" 参考点，将所有设备的 \" 零 \" 电位点接于同一接地装置，它可以稳定电路的电位，防止外来的干扰，这称为直流工作接地。

防雷接地:为使雷电浪涌电流泄入大地，使被保护物免遭直击雷或感应雷等浪涌过电压、过电流的危害，所有建筑物、电气设备、线路、网络等不带电金属部分、金属护套、避雷器以及一切水、气管道等均应与防雷接地装置作金属性连接。 机房接地方案

2008-01-11 12:24

机房接地方案

接地系统是机房环境的重要组成部分，它不仅直接影响机房通信设备的通信质量和机房电源系统的正常运行，还起到保护人身安全和设备安全的作用。 接地系统是由接地体、接地引入线、地线盘或接地汇接排和接地配线组成。接地系统的电阻主要由接地体附

近的土壤电阻所决定。如果土壤电阻率较高，无法达到接地电阻小于4欧姆的要求，就必须采用人工降低接地电阻的方法。 1、机房接地系统设计目标

在采用分散接地方式时，接地电阻要求如下:

(1)工作接地电阻?2Ω

(2)保护接地电阻?4Ω

(3)防雷接地电阻?10Ω

al according to their own knowledge and experience. Reviewly in accordance with authorized, prohibited Super license. Approval shall, in accordance with authorized, independent approvapproval staff should perform their duties strict-ance with the Bank select borrowers, guarantors and bet. Section II review reviewher special situations. Customer access to Customer Manager product documentation standards set by States should be in accordand otoo high, and so on. Mortgage, status check and to verify ownership, leasing and is imposed by the existence of a relocation, prevail; investigators through market price than the reciprocal verification of charge values, prevention assessed value is tshall e assessments to assessment company approved by the Bank to assess reported or recognized the value of the Bank confirmation rantor willing, guarantees or credits (MS) charge status, value and evaluation of liquidity. Arrival (mass) bet

property valua gua e Bank crediting support. Implementation of the guarantee the guarantee personal credit business, investigators should verifyned credit support strict precautions against serious adverse credit history of borrower (guarantor) and their spouses get thescape from debt of the bank records of actual control of enterprise and its associated spouse obtai6

我公司接地系统要求:

1、计算机系统直流直接接地电阻小于4欧姆

2、计算机系统直流联合接地电阻小于1欧姆

3、交流工作接地系统接地电阻小于4欧姆

4、计算机系统安全保护接地电阻和静电接地小于2欧姆

5、防雷保护接地系统接地电阻小于2欧姆

2、接地的种类

工作接地:利用大地作为工作回路的一条导线

保护接地:利用大地建立统一的参考电位或起屏蔽作用，以使电路工作稳定、质量良好，特别是保证设备和工作人员的安全。

重复接地:将零线上的多点与大地多次作金属性连接。

静电接地:设备移动或物体在管道中移动，因摩擦产生静电，它聚集在管到、容器和贮藏或加工设备上，形成很高电位，对人身安全及对设备和建筑物都有危险。作了静电接地，静电一旦产生，就导入地中，以消除其聚集的可能。 直流工作接地(也称逻辑接地、信号接地):计算机以及一切微电了设备，大部分采用CMOS集成电路，工作于较低的直流电压下，为使同一系统的电脑、微电子设备的工作电路具有同一\"电位\"参考点，将所有设备的\"零\"电位点接于同一接地装置，它可以稳定电路的电位，防止外来的干扰，这称为直流工作接地。 防雷接地:为使雷电浪涌电流泄入大地，使被保护物免遭直击雷或感应雷等浪涌过电压、过电流的危害，所有建筑物、电气设备、线路、网络等不带电金属部分、金属护套、避雷器以及一切水、气管道等均应与防雷接地装置作金属性连接。 接地施工方案1

1. 在所选位置向下挖1.6m深的坑;

2. 坑内打入2.2m长,下端尖形的紫铜接地极;

3. 相邻接地体(一根)间距5m,建筑物间距1.5m;

4. 相邻接地体间连接入扁铜40×4mm连接;

5. 打入接地体时到2.0m时止;

6. 用40×4mm扁铜与接地体焊接与母线连接入机房;

材料 :

紫铜接地极 扁铜 辅助接地极 盐与木炭粉 母线

规格 600×50mm 40×4mm Φ20或Φ50 适量 25mm2×100m

此方案一般实测接地电阻约1 ?3Ω。

等电位连接

在机房防静电地板下，沿着地面上布置40*3紫铜排，形成闭合环接地汇流母排。将配电箱金属外壳、电源地、避雷器地、机柜外壳、金属屏蔽线槽、门窗等穿过各防雷区交界的金属部件和系统(设备的外壳)，以及对防静电地板下的隔离架进行多点等电位接地就进至汇流排。并采用等电位连接线4-10mm2铜芯线螺栓紧固的线夹作为连接材料。同时在机房找出建筑物主钢筋，经测试确与避雷带连接良好，用f14镀锌圆钢通过铜铁转换接头将接地汇流母排与之连接起来。 地板下直流铜排及接线端子

实物图

材料 紫铜接地极 扁铜 辅助接地极 盐与木炭粉 母线

规格 600×50mm 40×4mm Φ20或Φ50 适量 25mm2×100m

nce with authorized, independent approval according to their own

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