2019英语同步人教必修一刷题首选卷(基础练+能力练)2.2.1 Word版含答案

Section ⅡThe Language Points of Reading

课时作业(一)

对应学生用书P15

Ⅰ完形填空

Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. __1__， we do know a lot about __2__， the languages of today and also the languages of __3__ times. There __4__ probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language __5__ the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by many millions of people. __6__， some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.

There are several important __7__ of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of __8__ are in one large family __9__ the Indo-European language family. The original (最初的) language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years __10__. Many of the present languages of Europe and India are modern __11__ of the language of 4,500 years ago.

Languages are __12__ changing. The English of today is very different __13__ the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even __14__ completely. About 1,000 years ago __15__ was a little-known relative of German __16__ on one of the borders (边界) of Europe.

If a language has __17__ speakers or if it is very old, there may be __18__ in the way it is spoken in different areas. __19__， the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of

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years by many millions of speakers. The differences among the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China __20__ understand speakers from other parts.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了语言的起源及变化。 1．A.But B．So C．However D．Besides

答案：C 上文在说虽然人们对语言的起源感兴趣，但是没人确切地知道究竟是怎样的。下文笔锋一转提出我们还是对语言有许多了解。A、C两项均表转折，由于空格后为逗号，故选C。

2．A.English B．history C．Chinese D．languages

答案：D 由上下文可知，本文是在讲对语言的认识，而不单纯是对汉语或英语的认识。

3．A.earlier B．later C．modern D．hard

答案：A 由上下文可知，此处与today对应，指较早时期的语言。 4．A.is B．are C．was D．were

答案：B 由下文中的“about three thousand languages in the world today”可知，此处应用be动词的一般现在时的复数形式。

5．A.for B．with

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C．in D．of

答案：B 此处表示“具有”的含义，由with引导的介词短语作定语，修饰language，表示“汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言”。

6．A.In a word B．On the one hand C．What's more D．On the other hand

答案：D 上文指出汉语是使用者最多的一种语言，接着又说英语、俄语和西班牙语也有数百万人使用，后文讲到还有不到一百人使用的语言，所以此处用“on the other hand”引出不同的、对立的一种情况。

7．A.forms B．systems C．families D．changes

答案：C 由下文内容可知，语言有几大语系，用families表示。下文的“one large family”也是提示。

8．A.Europe B．Asia C．Africa D．America

答案：A 由下文中的“Indo-European language family”可知，欧洲的大多数语言都属于一个大的语系——印欧语系。

9．A.called B．spoken C．calling D．speaking

答案：A 过去分词called作后置定语，表示“被称做”。 10．A.before B．ago C．later D．old

答案：B 由上文中的“was spoken”可知，此处应该用与一般过去时连用的ago。before一般与过去完成时连用。

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11．A.times B．families C．forms D．members

答案：C 现在印度与欧洲的一些语言实际上就是4500年以前的语言的现代形式(forms)。

12．A.always B．seldom C．often D．sometimes

答案：A 由下文可知，语言一直都在发展变化。always与现在进行时连用，表示“总是”。

13．A.about B．with C．between D．from

答案：Dbe different from“与……不同”，为固定短语。 14．A.die out B．die away C．die down D．die off

答案：A 经过一段时间有些语言完全消失了。die out “灭绝；消失”，符合语境。die away “逐渐模糊；逐渐减弱”；die down “逐渐变弱；暗淡”；die off “相继死去”。

15．A.Spanish B．English C．Chinese D．Russian

答案：B 一千年前，英语只是与德语有亲缘关系的鲜为人知的一种语言。 16．A.called B．told C．spoken D．named

答案：C 表示“讲(某种语言)”用speak，此处用过去分词作定语，表示被动。

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17．A.a great deal of B．a few C．a little D．a lot of

答案：D 如果讲某种语言的人多或某种语言很古老，那么不同地区人们说话的方式就有差别。A、C项只修饰不可数名词；a few表示“几个”，意义不符。

18．A.speakers B．differences C．difference D．changes

答案：B 由上文可知，此处指人们说话方式的不同之处，用复数形式。下文出现的differences也是提示。

19．A.That is B．Therefore C．In fact D．However

答案：A 此处是对上文的说明：也就是说(that is)，一种语言可能有几种方言。 20．A.mustn't B．may not C．won't D．can't

答案：D 方言的差别如此之大，以至于来自不同地区的人都无法相互沟通。此处表示“不会，不能”，故用can't。

Ⅱ阅读理解

A

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There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting.

When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”， I didn't know what it meant. Realizing I didn't follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word cameupP1 when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted_down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engagedW1.

Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wonderedW2 what had made the lady angry. It turnsoutP2 that pissed means drunk.

Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was fillingoutP3 a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn't follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber.

In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过生活中的一些例子说明了英式英语和美式英语在使用上的一些差异。

1．When Lily used the word “larder”， she was probably looking for a ________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker

答案：C 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“I finally knew she wanted to find

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something to keep some food.”可知，莉莉在寻找一个“橱柜”。故选C。

2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down.

答案：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in her diary”以及“while I marked my calendar”可知，莉莉把日期和时间记在了日记本上。write down “记下，写下”。故选A。

3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because ________.

A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn't dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys got lost

答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的“an early morning tennis game”和第三句“I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those.”可推断，莉莉后悔一大早送她的孩子们去看网球比赛，主要是因为她没给孩子们穿厚一点的衣服。故选C。

4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words.

B．Some new words the writer's British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can't follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English.

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答案：D 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了英式英语和美式英语中一些词在使用上的差异。故选D。

W重点单词

1．engaged adj. 电话占线的；已订婚的 2．wonder v. 感到疑惑；想要知道 P重点短语

1．come up 走近；被提及；发生 2．turn out 原来是；证明是；结果是 3．fill out 填写(正式文件、表格等) B

One of the speaking rules you need to know might sound strange to most ESL (English as a second language) students, but it is one of the most important rules. If you want to pass examinations, then study grammar. However, if you want to become fluent in English, then you should try to learn English without studying the grammar.

Studying grammar will only slow you downP1 and confuseW1 you. You will thinkaboutP2 the rules when creating sentences insteadofP3naturallyW2 saying a sentence like a native. Remember that only a small part of English speakers know more than 20% of all the grammar rules. Many ESL students know more grammar than native speakers. I can confidently say this with experience. I am a native English speaker, majored in English Literature, and have been teaching English for more than 10 years. However, many of my students know more details about English grammar than I do. When they sometimes ask me about grammar, I can easily look up the definition (定义) and apply it,

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but I can't tell them the answer off_the_top_of_my_head.

I often ask my native English friends some grammar questions, and only a few of them know the correct answer. However, they are fluent in English and can read, speak, listen, and communicate effectively.

Do you want to be able to recite the definition of a causative verb, or do you want to be able to speak English fluently?

错误!

5．According to the author, what opinion do most ESL students hold? A．Grammar matters a lot only in speaking. B．Grammar doesn't matter much in speaking. C．Grammar is very important in English learning. D．Grammar is not important in English learning.

答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，不学语法才可以流利说英语这一点对ESL学生来说听上去很奇怪，因此可推断，大多数ESL学生认为语法在语言学习中很重要，故C为正确选项。

6．As for studying grammar, which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many ESL students know little grammar.

B．Most English speakers know more than 20% of all the grammar rules. C．Studying grammar will not make fluency in English. D．You will say a sentence naturally when thinking about rules.

答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Studying grammar will only slow you down and confuse you.”可知学习语法只能使你放慢速度并使你困惑，故C正确。

7．The underlined part “off the top of my head” means “________”．

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A．on purpose B．without consideration C．after thinking D．with difficulty

答案：B 词义猜测题。前一个分句意为：……我可以很容易地查找语法的定义并应用它，由此猜测后一个分句的意思“但是我不能不假思索地告诉他们答案”。

8．Which of the following titles best suits the text? A．Fluency or Grammar? B．Grammar Counts! C．Exams or No Exams? D．No More Grammar!

答案：A 标题判断题。通读全文并根据文章第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了流利地说英语与语法之间的关系。故选A。

W重点单词

1．confuse v. 使困惑 2．naturally adv. 自然地 P重点短语

1．slow down 使……慢下来，减速 2．think about 考虑 3．instead of 代替，而不是……

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