专升本英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷32含答案和解析

专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷32 阅读理解

The world is undergoing a great transition marked by uncertainty and complexity which we do not yet understand.

This poses(提出)a challenge to young people all over the world, for in about 15 years' time youth will play a fundamental role as never before in the history of the world. Young people will make up over half the population in developing countries—the so-called countries of the South. In the North they will have the heavy responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority. It is probably not by chance that young people in different parts of the world today represent a movement of challenge and pressure which is shaking government and attempting to impose new values in a universe which they perceive as inhospitable(冷淡的)or even hostile.

We have come a long way from the early 20th century concept of perpetual 3% annual growth, which fitted so well with the Newtonian vision of the world—a vision resting on the idea of a perfect giant clockwork mechanism. The dramatic nature of today' s crisis is based on our difficulty in understanding—on a lack of intelligibility(可理解性). For in evolution' s constant march towards complexity we have just crossed a threshold(门槛). Beyond this threshold, everything is different;

everything invites us to look anew(重新). But we are prisoners of images which still inhabit our minds because they brought us so much intellectual comfort in understanding our world as it used to be. Prigonine takes us over the threshold and forces us to enter into the new dialogue which is necessary. It is useful to try to transfer this new vision into the spheres of management, business, national sovereignty(主权), and international organization. In this way we may perhaps make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable .

1.The characteristic of the present age of the world is______.(D) A. transition B. challenge C. uncertainty

D. uncertainty and complexity

解析：根据文章第一段“The world isundergoing a great transition marked by uncertaintyand complexity which we do not yet understand，”可知D为正确答案。

2.Which of the following are not the facts that pose a challenge to young people?(B)

A. Youth will play a fundamental role as never before in the history of the world in about 15 years’ time.

B. The world is considered as inhospitable or even hostile.

C. In the North, youth will have the responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority. D. Young people will make up over half of the population in developing countries.

解析：A、C、D项在第二段前三句话中都能找到对应的句子，只有B不符合文意，故选B。

3.The young people who represent a movement of challenge and pressure may have an influence on______.(A)

A. governments’ decisions and ideas or concept about the world B. population growth C. people of all the ages D. international organizations

解析：根据文章第二段中“It is probably not bychance that young people in different parts of theworld today represent a movement of challenge andpressure which is shaking government and attemptingto impose new values in a universe，”选项A与其符合。

4.Sometimes we feel difficult to deal with today’ s crisis because ______.(A)

A. we are accustomed to dealing with the new things with the ways we used to

B. we are intelligible C. we are prisoners of images

D. we have just crossed a threshold

解析：根据文章最后一段中“But we areprisoners of images which still inhabit our mindsbecause they brought us so much intellectualcomfort in understanding our world as it used tobe”，可知选项A正确。 5.It is______that we may make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable.(B) A. over the threshold and entering the new \\

B. by transferring this new vision into the spheres of management, business etc.

C. by making a challenge to the world D. undergoing a great transition

解析：根据文章最后一句话“In this way wemay perhaps make progress in governing thatwhich，on first analysis we may judge to beungovernable”，其中“In this way”是指其前面那句话，故可知B为正确答案。

Crime in the cities has had more publicity than crime in the suburbs, but in recent years many of the suburbs have found their crime rates increasing faster than those of the cities.

One crime prevention aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago and is sponsored by the National Sheriffs'(司法长官) Association. The aim is to get people to watch out for their neighbors. They are asked to be alert for any unusual activity, such as strangers who

may be bringing things out of a house to an unfamiliar waiting vehicle. Vandalism(破坏行为) is also a target of the program. Children are much less likely to run around with spray(喷水) cans if they know that neighbors are alert and that they will probably be caught.

The program should fit the specific neighborhood and be done with the knowledge and cooperation of the sheriff's office and the police department. So far, 2,300 programs have been set up with at least one in every state in the Union. In some cases, neighborhood block clubs have been established to give instructions. A National Neighborhood Watch Program has been set up, including one and one half to seven million citizens at a federal government cost of 5 cents to 22 cents per person. The national office supplies sheriffs and local office departments with program materials, crime prevention literature, and ideas on making homes more secure. Statistics show that this system works and is working better all the time.

6.Which of the following is true according to the passage?(C) A. There has been as much crime in the cities as in the suburbs. B. Crime increases at the same rate in both the cities and the suburbs. C. Crime rates increase slower in the cities than in the suburbs. D. There has been more crime in the cities than in the suburbs.

解析：根据文章第一段中…many of the suburbs have found their crime rates increasing faster than those of the cities．可知C为正确答案。注

意C项只是换了一种说法而已，与第一段所述同义。

7.Which of the following activities is not affected by the Neighborhood Watch Program?(A)

A. Neighbors quarrel with each other. B. Strangers take things out of a house. C. Children run everywhere with spray cans. D. Vandals walk around the neighborhood.

解析：根据文章第二段中“They are asked to be alert for any unusual activity，such as strangers who may be bringing things out of a house to an unfamiliar waiting vehicle．Vandalism(破坏行为)is also a target of the program．Children are much less likely to run around with spray(喷水)cans if they know that neighbors are alert and that they will probably be caught”都可找到B、C、D所述内容，故只有A未提及，所以选A。 8.What is the purpose of the Neighborhood Watch Program?(D) A. To replace the sheriff’s and policeman’s duties.

B. To get the people united together so they can become better friends. C. To make people less suspicious of their neighbors. D. To decrease the neighborhood crime rate.

解析：根据文章第二段第一句话One crime prevention aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago很明显可得出答案选D。

9.How far has the program gone?(A)

A. The federal government assists in financing a national Neighborhood Watch Program.

B. Many thousands of neighborhoods have organized them. C. It cost the government between 22 and 25 cents per person. D. Some states have not become involved yet.

解析：根据文章第二段中One crime prevention aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago and is sponsored by the National Sheriffs’(司法长官)Association，故选A。

10.The national office contributes a lot to Neighborhood Watch Program, including all the following actions except________.(D) A. providing program materials to local office departments B. supplying crime prevention literature

C. spreading preventive ideas in order to make neighborhood more secure

D. setting up clubs to give instructions

解析：根据文章倒数第二句话The national office supplies sheriffs and local office departments with program materials，crime prevention literature，and ideas on making homes more secure，故选D。 The world is undergoing a great transition marked by uncertainty and complexity which we do not yet understand.

This poses (提出) a challenge to young people all over the world, for in about 15 years' time youth will play a fundamental role as never

before in the history of the world. Young people will make up over half the population in developing countries—the so-called countries of the South. In the North they will have the heavy responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority. It is probably not by chance that young people in different parts of the world today represent a movement of challenge and pressure which is shaking government and attempting to impose new values in a universe which they perceive as inhospitable (冷淡的) or even hostile.

We have come a long way from the early 20th century concept of perpetual 3% annual growth, which fitted so well with the Newtonian vision of the world—a vision resting on the idea of a perfect giant clockwork mechanism. The dramatic nature of today' s crisis is based on our difficulty in understanding—on a lack of intelligibility (可理解性). For in evolution's constant march towards complexity we have just crossed a threshold. Beyond this threshold, everything is different; everything invites us to look anew (重新). But we are prisoners of images which still inhabit our minds because they brought us so much intellectual comfort in understanding our world as it used to be. Prigonine takes us over the threshold and forces us to enter into the new dialogue which is necessary. It is useful to try to transfer this new vision into the spheres of management, business, national sovereignty, and international organization. In this way we may perhaps make progress in governing

that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable. 11.The characteristic of the present age of the world is______.(D) A. transition B. challenge C. uncertainty

D. uncertainty and complexity

解析：根据文章第一段“The world is undergoing a great transition marked by uncertainty and complexity which we do not yet understand，”可知D为正确答案。

12.Which of the following are not the facts that pose a challenge to young people?(B)

A. Youth will play a fundamental role as never before in the history of the world in about 15 years’ time.

B. The world is considered as inhospitable or even hostile.

C. In the North, youth will have the responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority. D. Young people will make up over half of the population in developing countries.

解析：A、C、D项在第二段前三句话中都能找到对应的句子，只有B不符合文意，故选B。

13.The young people who represent a movement of challenge and pressure may have an influence on______.(A)

A. governments’ decisions and ideas or concept about the world B. population growth C. people of all the ages D. international organizations

解析：根据文章第二段中“It is probably not by chance that young people in different parts of the world today represent a movement of challenge and pressure which is shaking government and attempting to impose new values in a universe，”选项A与其符合。

14.Sometimes we feel difficult to deal with today’s crisis because______.(A)

A. we are accustomed to dealing with the new things with the ways we used to

B. we are intelligible C. we are prisoners of images D. we have just crossed a threshold

解析：根据文章最后一段中“But we are prisoners of images which still inhabit our minds because they brought us so much intellectual comfort in understanding our world as it used to be”，可知选项A正确。 15.It is ______that we may make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable.(B) A. over the threshold and entering the new \\

B. by transferring this new vision into the spheres of management,

business etc.

C. by making a challenge to the world D. undergoing a great transition

解析：根据文章最后一句话“In this way we may perhaps make progress in governing that which，on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable”，其中“In this way”是指其前面那句话，故可知B为正确答案。

Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit(学分)which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester(学期). A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.

For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of

work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.

16.Normally a student would at least attend______ classes each week.(B) A. 36 B. 12 C. 20 D. 15

解析：根据文章第一段中A typical courseconsists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks；while attending a university a student will probablyattend four or five courses during each semester，可知4×3=12，是其一周需上的最少的课数，故选B。

17.According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed______.(D)

A. to live in a different university

B. to take a particular course in a different university C. to live at home and drive to classes

D. to get two degrees from two different universities

解析：根据文章第一段中“It is also possiblefor a student to move between one university andanother during his degree course，though this is notin fact done as a regular practice”，可知D为正确答案。 18.American university students are usually under pressure of work because______.(A)

A. their academic performance will affect their future careers B. they are heavily involved in student affairs C. they have to observe university discipline D. they want to run for positions of authority

解析：根据文章第二段第一句话“For everycourse that he follows a student is given a grade，which is recorded，and the record is available forthe student to show to prospective employers”，可知A为正确答案。 19.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because______.(C)

A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university C. such positions help them get better jobs D. such positions are usually well paid

解析：根据文章最后一句话“A student whohas held one of these

positions of authority is muchrespected and it will be of benefit to him later in hiscareer”，可知c为正确答案。

20.The student organizations seem to be effective in______.(B) A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations C. evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court D. keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities

解析：文章最后一段中“The effective work ofmaintaining discipline is usually performed bystudents who advise the academic authorities”，可知B为正确答案。

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so

varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.

It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West. 21.What would be an appropriate title for this selection?(D) A. The Difficulties of Learning English. B. Internal Communications. C. The Standard Varieties of English. D. English as a World Language.

解析：全文都在讲英语作为世界语言及其原因，以及讲英语的人口数

量的不断增加等，都表明了D为正确选项。 22.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?(A)

A. Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.

B. There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world. C. It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English. D. People learn English for a variety of reasons.

解析：根据第一段中“some 260 million people speak it as a native language”可知B正确，根据第二段中It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages，可知C正确，对比A、D，发现A显然错误，故选A。 23.According to this article, what is one main reason for the widespread use of English?(D)

A. It was popular during Shakespeare’s time. B. It is used in former British Colonies. C. It serves the needs of its native speakers.

D. It is a world language that is used for international communication. 解析：根据第三段第一句话“The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present day importance as a world language”，故选D。

24.What constitutes an adequate working knowledge of English?(B) A. The ability to read a newspaper.

B. It is difficult to assess because it differs for each situation. C. Being multi-lingual. D. Being a native speaker.

解析：根据第二段最后一句话“it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation”，故选B。

25.What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?(D)

A. Those geographically close to the United States. B. Those interested in the culture of the United States. C. Countries where international conferences are held. D. Former colonies of Great Britain.

解析：根据最后一段中倒数第二句…especially former British colonies…，可知D为正确答案。