大学英语四读写教程课后答案

II

1.He defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person makes

or has made to human civilization.

2.The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and

dedication in achieving greatness.

3.Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of

crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.

4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a

social person.

5.Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the

ability to communicate effectively.

6.The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.

7.They simply don’t devote the amount of time required.

8.The study showed that enjoying one ’ s work is the best form of

motivation.

2

IV

1.chat 2.acknowledge 3.motivated 4.charcteristic

5.despite 6.influential 7.cited 8.obstacle

9.intrinsic 10.criteria 11.obsession 12.innate

13.contribution(s) 14.contemporary 15.submitted 16.morale

V

1.left behind 2.rise 3.made history 4.were endowed

with

5.put up with 6.going nowhere 7.ifocuses on 8.be built on

9.put in 10.come up with 11.take charge 12.set...apart

VI

efficiency emergency fluency frequency

proficiency tendency urgency sufficiency

1.fluency 2.proficiency 3.emergency 4.Efficiency

5.tendency 6.frequency

3

VII

1.For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time — it's

that they don't have good study habits.

2.Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different

IQs — it's that they are brought up in different environments.

3.The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't

talented — it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.

4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you

— it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.

5.You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad — it's

probably that you have too much stress from your work.

VIII

1.President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and

political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation

through an association of nations. 2.Computers don't teach students in

groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their

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different needs.

3.We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve

the problem of the greatest urgency at present.

4.He dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to

everything himself.

5.Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students

receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students

have internalized the ability and desire to learn.

IX

BCBAD DCABA DABCA

X

西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断

地追求成功的动力。“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释

道。“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而

已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。”他举出二战时

期的英国首相温斯顿?丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。丘吉尔在全国

上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940 年盟军

敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、

失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。”

5

XI

1.Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such

characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are

considered less important.

2.His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put

up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.

3.If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time

and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other

subjects.

4.Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his

short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting

that set him apart.

5.After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking

differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and

passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to

raise our morale.

6.Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and

opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting

contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting

efforts.

6

7.Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking

person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides

one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.

8.This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she

can really teach them something. It's not that she is talented, it's that

she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class.

第二单元

TEXT A

II

1.He got no thanks for returning a wallet, though he deserved to.

2.He wants to show how much people need gratitude to keep up a

spirit of kindness and cooperation.

3.She saved up for two years, went to Normandy in person, and gave

her son's gold wristwatch to the woman.

4.He send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the author's

thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.

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5.A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came back

again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more patients

could be saved.

6.He does it by citing W.H. Hudson's gratitude for his wife's day-to-day

heroism.

7.Those people who do little things for us all year round.

8.It can make people take infinite pains with their work.

9.Gratitude is needed all the time and none of us can give too much of

it.

III

1.intention 2.sincere 3.glaring 4.sore

5.trace 6.render 4.denial 5.proof

9.tribute 7.conventional 11.generous 12.gratitude

13.slammed 14.agreeable

IV

1.caught/took my fancy 2.a mistake on John's part

3.take for granted 4.think twice

8

5.saved up 6.referred to

7.boast about 8.took pains with

9.refrain from 10.something of

11.in one way or another 12.fed up

V

1.altitude 2.aptitude 3.attitude 4.longitude

5.fortitude 6.mulitiude 7.latitude 8.solitude

VI

1.coordination 2.coexist 3.co-workers 4.co-owners

5.co-authored 6.Cooperation 7.Coeducation 8.copilot

VII

1.no sacrifice for the education of the young was too great

2.No price is too high to pay in order to save their lives

3.cannot be too careful in performing an experiment

9

4.They cannot praise him too much

5.can not be overemphasized

6.cannot be overestimated

VIII

BACDD BABCD BADCA

IX

一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院几

个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我

猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“ 正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴

你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了

多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们

的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种

小小的示意动作。

X

1.He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.

10

2.John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered

him generous help when he was in difficulty.

3.He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up

for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.

4.The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught

all the visitors fancy in one way or another.

5.At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in

this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him

to think twice before he made the final decision.

6.Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend

Bill never fails to acknowledge it.

7.The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the

old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at

improving their living conditions.

8.Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door

and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from

slamming the door in their face.

第三单元

TEXT A

II

1.He changed his perspective and observed people who did not have

smallpox.

2.He wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.

3.He compares the human brain to a computer and the change of one's

point of view to the reprogramming of the computer.

4.It is to fight it.

5.He calls it vertical thinking.

6.He used the technique of lateral thinking.

7.The key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the problem

head-on.

8.They should change their point of view and regard themselves as their

body's keeper.

9.Very often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical

thinking.

10.It is approaching the target from a sideways point of view instead of

12

approaching it directly.

III

1.tactic 2.utmost 3.structure 4.slack 5.significance

6.head-on 7.dead end 8.erased 9.framework

10.vertical;vertical

11.ceased 12.flaw 13.implies 14.affirmed

IV

1.wound up being 3.take in 5.take over

2.pulling on 4.in effect 6.ended up teaching

V

1.approach 2.fought 3.cure 4.pressured

5.focus 6.approach 7.program 8.experienced

9.switch 10.escape 11.fail 12.escaped

13

VI

assistant accountant servant dependant attendant

contestant defendant consultant inhabitant occupant

1.attendant 2.servant 3.consultans 4.contestant 5.accountant

6.occupants 7.assistant 8.inhabitants 9.dependants 10.defendant

VII

1.of use

2.of great importance

3.of great/critical/extreme significance

4.of little value

5.of marked benefit

6.of invaluable help

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VIII

1. should have told me at once2.

2.should have told me beforehand3.

3.should have left the company long ago

4. never should have happened

5. should have left thirty minutes ago

6. should have phoned

IX

CDBDA BBDBB CABDC

X

一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话

便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决

问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德·博诺医

生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定

地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，

如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会

15

坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，

德·博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，

用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。

XI

1.Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until

he learnt to solve it with different tactics.

2.Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had

seemed to reach a dead end.

3.The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by

the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the

utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.

4.While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an

impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and

solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.

5.Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from

the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end

up learning everything in the computer lab.

6.Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he does not

stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency

16

room of a hospital.

7.There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why don't you

erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?

8.John should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all, health

is of the utmost importance to everybody.

第四单元

TEXT A

II

1.The IQs among the students were within the normal range.

17

2.The study showed that a teacher's positive view and high expectations

of students convinces them that they are gifted and enables them to do

better than average work.

3.She did not see this as evidence that the student was not bright or

capable, but rather viewed it as one day 抯poor performance, an

exception to a normally good pattern of work.

4.It is hard to describe exactly, but her tone was assured and she did not

express any negative qualities such as irony, putdowns and/or irritation.

5.This shows that positive expectation can be effective even on mice,

who do not, of course, understand human language.

6.Labeling means thinking of people in terms of the general prejudices

which we have about their nationality, their race, or their gender, rather

than thinking of them as individuals.

7.Labels define a broad, heterogenerous group too specifically. They are

usually prejudicial, non-inclusive, and often racist or sexist.

8.This example shows how labeling can create a sense of guilt in a

person who does not do what is expected, even when he follows his

talents and is quite successful.

IV

18

1.breed 2.accordingly 3.racial 4.homogeneous

5.inclusive 6.welfare 7.deceiving 8.irritation

9.variables 10.uncover 11.irony 12.verbal

13.readily 14.indifference 15.certainty;certainty 16.superior

V

1.in terms of 2.due to 3.measures/lives up to 4.as often

as not

5.consisted of 6.go through with 7.in reality 8.in part

VI

1.unfolded 2.unpacked 3.undo 4.unbend

5.unfastende 6.unload 7.undressing 8.unlocked

VII

19

1.transmit 2.transforming;transferring 3.transcribed

4.transplanting 5.transfer 6.transparent

VIII

1.AS the example in the text makes clear

2.As i mentioned earlier / As(was) mentioned earlier

3.As is known all

4.as (is) agreed on in the contract

5.as had been originally planned

IX

1.They would rather overwork themselves to make life better for our

sake than spend their hard-earned money on themselves

2.would rather read a best-seller than chat with others

3.would rather confine yourself in the library than go out to meet and

talk with local people

4.would rather give up my short-term interest than let it slip away

5.would rather not tell our parents what 抯in our minds than sit down

20

and communicate with them like friends

X

BDADB ACADA BBACB

XI

某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。当这种情况发生时，那个学生面

对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒。相反，老师认为这是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，

倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误——而学生相信了她，并消除了疑虑。下一次，

他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。很难精确地确定老师传达的信

息：“我期待着最好的成绩，”中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子。它的一部分包括显

示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬低和恼怒等消极因素。期待

着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得到的答案将是正确的，而孩

子也感受到了那种信心。

XII

1.Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of

21

students' exam results and treating them accordingly. Instead, a good

educational system should enable every student to measure up to good

standards as well-rounded people.

2.As often as not, when college students have questions after class,

their teachers are not readily available except during office hours. This is

due to teachers' busy academic research, rather than their indifference

to the students.

3.This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled

average in terms of English level. But as this teacher has never shown

any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his

teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.

4.Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States,

due in part to the diversity of students' racial background and the

complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.

5.The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative. Obviously this

label is prejudiced. In reality, Britain is not very different from other

European countries in terms of national characteristics. The British are

polite, neat, orderly and confident.

6.Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence.

They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than turn to

their parents for help with a sense of guilt.

7.Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly

22

and mustn 抰deceive him or talk about his setbacks with

irony(ironically).

8.The neighbors' irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made.

However, because of reassurances that they would stop working at

night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.

UNIT5

1.As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and

changed forever the course of my life.

2.He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since

childhood. So fascinated with books was he that he never let a day pass

without doing some reading.

3.Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with him a

book that he wants to read. That is the way he has read nearly a

hundred books in the past three years.

4.When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night

in his own room. Each time he heard the approaching footsteps of his

mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep. But as soon as his

mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.

5.There is hardly anything about China he's not curious about. And to

satisfy his curiosity he has decided to go there in person to see as much

as he can.

6.I don't know/ I have little/no idea what made your son envy that pop

singer and try to emulate him in everything. You might as well ask him

in person.

7.As soon as he checked out the book from the library, he thumbed

through its pages by the corridor light.

8.I don't think anybody ever learned more in the countryside than I did.

28

In fact, those three years in the countryside enabled me to study far

intensively than I would have if I had attended some college.

UNIT6

1.He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he

give in to any difficulty.

2.Tom had been holding out for a promotion. When the opportunity

showed up, he grabbed it at once.

3.He distrusts all standardized tests and believes that there should be

something better to substitute for them.

4.My thesis is that we should carry out a survey of these controversial

issues one by one right now.

5.Betty is diligent and dependable. She never shies away from any

difficulties. In short, she is the kind of student that we are all proud of.

6.It is ill-advised to keep the gas tank in your house for it ignites easily

and may burn up all your hard-earned wealth in just a few minutes.

7.Doctor Smith's lecture amounts to saying that a child who displays

high EQ early on in life will succeed eventually in the face of all kinds of

difficulties.

8.Since many marriages end in divorce in the United States,

psychologists have suggested that couples in all families communicate

with each other more often and solve their problems before it becomes

29

too late.

UNIT7

1.As I grew up, I made my peace with the fact that I would never fulfil

my dream of becoming a writer.

2.Michael had got stuck trying to figure out the word essential to the

word puzzle for two days before he threw up his hands in frustration.

3.The singer was taken aback by the pirated editions of his songs on the

market, and he vowed not to let the thiefs off.

4.Thank you for purchasing our furnace. In return we will get rid of your

old one for free. 5.Susan and I filled each other in on what had

happened after we parted, from which I learned that she had had

several children's books in print.

6.Her bookstore having been frozen out by a giant chain, the middleaged

Lillian was at a loss as to what else she could do.

7.You need somebody to urge you constantly to see the task through to

completion.

8.For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the

community, many residents opposed the construction plan.

UNIT8

1.It is really pointless to sit through a tedious lecture if you do not take

30

any interest in it.

2.The students at our university all hold him in high esteem because of

his eminence in the field of ecology.

3.Though he claims that his new novel has nothing to do with his own

life, it has caught the fancy of many young readers, who believe that

this novel has given them a glimpse of the author's childhood.

4.Since computer technology ushered in what is known as the

Information Age, some writers have done away with their pens, for they

can now write everything with their computers.

5.We have to admit, as much in sorrow as in shame, that there are some

people among us who do think of themselves as the center of the

universe and care very little about public affairs.

6.First and foremost, we should get the precise data on the population

of the city. If retired people outnumber the teenagers, we should adjust

our development plan to the needs of this large group of people.

7.Nothing pleases Nancy more than to see the rapid progress made by

her seven-year-old son, whose playing would put many a professional

pianist to shame.

8.The point I want to make is that as modern university students, we

must hold knowledge in high esteem, especially its quest, and place

great value on tradition, social restraint and continuity.