在网上,很多对中国现代诗歌(包括朦胧诗歌)起源和继承的评论是似是而非 的。这可能是由于一些国内不懂外文的评论家的错误导向所致,也有可能是由于 自己就没有理解好中国的现代诗歌,而混枭了自己的观点,也误人子弟。中国的 现代诗歌,究其源泉是由于五四时期由胡适等人发起的白话文运动,白话诗也就 应运产生。一个很有意思的现象是,很多著名的作家严肃的学者并没有留下多少 白话诗歌,只有一些类似嘻皮士的文人们,象刘半农,徐志摩等等,为了和女人 的打情骂俏而留下过一首半首。
中国早期的现代诗歌应该是继承于欧洲而不是美洲。这得益于一些留学欧洲 学人的推荐和传播。象卞之琳,徐志摩,李金发等等,所写的诗歌继承了欧洲维 多利亚式的风格,并没有多少的创新,节奏的和谐和词澡的华丽是其主要的特点, 但并没有什么心灵的震动,是沃斯瓦斯和波尔莱特在中国的翻版,甚至从中可以 看到雪莱和拜伦的影子。从中很少看到美洲惠特曼的影子,大概惠诗歌中的自然 和平民的形象和这些留学欧洲的没落贵族的口吻不太合适所致。很多人把这几个 人归结为现代朦胧诗歌的起源。其实是不当的。这时候的诗歌还只能是现代诗歌 而不是朦胧诗歌,当然,相对于旧体诗歌意象和词汇的运用已经有了朦胧的感觉。
中国诗歌在七十年代末八十年代初期,有一个特别辉煌的复兴时期。一批经 过,上过山下过乡的知识青年们用在煤油灯下的知识积累,带着对生活的感 性体验,在马可雅夫斯基和莱蒙托夫的指引下开始中国诗歌的新一轮。这期 间杰出的诗人有北岛,舒婷等。在八十年代的中末期,中国诗坛终于迎来了大爆
炸的时期。在理论领袖谢冕的指引下,一批批锐意的具有现代意识的中国诗人们 以严辰主编的诗歌报为阵地,纷纷打出旗号,成立山头,一时间中国的诗歌流派 竟然有几十家之多。所写的诗歌讦曲骜牙,常人难以读懂。这就是后来广被非议 的现代朦胧诗。
为什么称为现代朦胧诗?这是为了区别于以唐朝李商隐为代表的古体朦胧诗 歌。中国的现代朦胧诗直接继承于艾略特,Pound等人的诗风,摈弃了近代诗歌徐 志摩等人所提倡的维多利亚的模式。(EzraPound是和T.S.Eliot同一时代的诗人。
他有一首特别著名的诗【在一个地铁站口】,短短两句,却成为美国60年代诗歌 的启动之作)。对艾略特,国内的文学史书鲜有介绍,他们多数倾向于介绍19 世纪末和20世纪初的文学大家和诗人。记得有一本人民文学出版社出版的【外国 诗】,好象是收录了艾略特的【荒原】,没有什么介绍,似乎国内对他的地位不 是特别的推崇。因此,不揣简陋,在此将T.S.Eliout介绍一番,并将其长诗“ The Waste Land\" 翻译一部份。
(二)T.S.Eliot简介
在诗歌和文学评论上,作为一个诗人,Thomas Stearns Eliot占据着独一无 二的地位。他不仅仅是靠写作来表现自己的情感,对定义所谓的现代派的风格和 趣味也有着莫大的帮助。他们摈弃了叙述性的方式及贵族式的维多里压风格,代 之于精确聚焦而又让人惊奇的意象来表达,那种圆滑的充满诱惑而又有讽刺韵味 的语言对美国现代诗歌有着巨大的影响。当然这种影响不是直接正式的而是从思 想和哲学的高度来影响的。他的作品中弥漫着一种寻求人生意义的味道;这种对
意义的寻求使得他在1922年创作了形容现代文化为一种荒原的著名作品:“The Waste Land.\"在此诗中,他把各种意象进行了对比排列:过去的高贵和现代的腐 烂,远期和近期的文明,并用圣经的,神话的以及佛教的幻象去呼唤一个复杂焦 灼而又脆弱的现代灵魂。作为一战后表现文化危机的里程碑式的作品,Eliot在这 首诗歌中采用的对精神的内视及在形式上的创新成为符号主义诗人们 (是视觉艺 术家和手工艺艺术家合而为一的人)的传统特征。
英国和美国都声称艾略特是他们国家文化的一部份。1888年 9月26日他生于 St.Louis的一个书香世家,在Harvard University接受了他的本科和研究生教育 ,并于1915年移民英国,1927年获得公民身份。在哈佛大学期间,他受反浪漫主 义的人类学家,哲学家和美学家的影响较大,并撰写了博士论文去研究F.H. Bradley的”表象和现实“。1908年后,他接触了法国的符号主义艺术,对其采用 的幻象,潜意识及似是而非的语言倍加推崇,并把他们实践于自己的诗歌作品中 。搬到英国后,他继续他的诗人生涯,并开始写评论,散文,和戏剧,同时还再 作编辑。1948年他获得了Nobel Prize.
【荒原】是艾略特最著名的一首长诗。他是把他献给Erza Pound的,因为他 帮他修改了手稿。在诗歌中,他用典的范围极广,从Shakespear,到但丁,波特 莱尔,瓦格纳等。还引用了佛经,民歌以及许多人类学家的作品。在【荒原】中 ,他描写了处于精神和文化危机中的现代社会以及从现代社会中寻求到的支离破 碎的经验和相对稳定的文化遗产的的冲突。从这方面说,【荒原】是一部寻求精 神上的家园的诗歌,并使得艾略特斐声中外。
说到【荒原】,就不能不说说其技术上的创新。断句的技巧让人感叹,并故 意地运用了一些承转起合的段落和语言以期读者自己想象从而把这些话所隐含的 意思构成一个整体的图画。在诗歌中,他摈弃了直来直去的写法,采用了突然的 断句并在此加入一些完全迥异的场景的介绍或者解释,可能是优美的描写突然转 到一种酒吧式的交谈,可能是从爱丽莎白的古典突然转到当代的场景,也有可能 是从正式的书面语言转到了口语。这些帮助他表现了诗歌所要表现的文化的不完 整性,使得他可以探讨符号主义或者幻象所承载的意义上的重担--吸引注意力到 其本身,并昭示现代艺术家的自我表现和自我意识。
(三)【荒原】(TheWasteLand)译文
【荒原】共有五节,分别是:
I. The Burial of The Dead II. A Game of Chess III. The Fire Sermon IV. Death by Water V. What the Thunder Said NAM
sibyllam quidem Cuimis egō ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla pendere,et cum illi pueri dicerent:
∑ιβνλλατιθελειζ; repondebat illa: áπóθαν
εινθελ ω.\"
(“是的,我自己亲眼看见古米的西比尔吊在一个笼子里。孩子们在
问她:西比尔,你要什么的时候,她回答说,我要死。”) For Ezra Pound il miglior fabbro. (献给埃兹拉?庞德
最卓越的匠人)
艾略特《荒原 The Waste Land.》(原文及译本)
作者: T.S. Eliot (1888–1965). The Waste Land. 1922.
The Waste Land
I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
APRIL is the cruellest month, breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain. Winter kept us warm, covering 5
Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers. Summer surprised us, coming over the Starnbergersee
With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade,
And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten, 10
And drank coffee, and talked for
an hour.
Bin gar keine Russin, stamm' aus Litauen, echt deutsch. And when we were children, staying at the archduke's,
My cousin's, he took me out on a sled,
And I was frightened. He said, Marie, 15
Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.
In the mountains, there you feel free.
I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter.
What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow
Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man, 20
You cannot say, or guess, for you know only
A heap of broken images, where the sun beats,
And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water. Only
There is shadow under this red rock, 25
(Come in under the shadow of this red rock),
And I will show you something different from either
Your shadow at morning striding behind you
Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you;
I will show you fear in a handful of dust. 30
Frisch weht der Wind Der Heimat zu. Mein Irisch Kind, Wo weilest du?
•
'You gave me hyacinths first a year ago; 35
'They called me the hyacinth girl.'
—Yet when we came back, late, from the Hyacinth garden, Your arms full, and your hair wet, I could not
Speak, and my eyes failed, I was neither
Living nor dead, and I knew nothing, 40
Looking into the heart of light, the silence.
Od' und leer das Meer.
Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante,
Had a bad cold, nevertheless Is known to be the wisest woman in Europe, 45
With a wicked pack of cards. Here, said she,
Is your card, the drowned Phoenician Sailor,
(Those are pearls that were his eyes. Look!)
Here is Belladonna, the Lady of the Rocks,
The lady of situations. 50 Here is the man with three staves, and here the Wheel, And here is the one-eyed merchant, and this card,
Which is blank, is something he carries on his back,
Which I am forbidden to see. I do not find
The Hanged Man. Fear death by water. 55
I see crowds of people, walking round in a ring.
Thank you. If you see dear Mrs. Equitone,
Tell her I bring the horoscope myself:
One must be so careful these days.
Unreal City, 60
Under the brown fog of a winter dawn,
A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many,
I had not thought death had undone so many.
Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled,
And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. 65
Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,
To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours
With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.
There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying 'Stetson! 'You who were with me in the ships at Mylae! 70
'That corpse you planted last year in your garden,
'Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year?
'Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed?
'Oh keep the Dog far hence, that's friend to men,
'Or with his nails he'll dig it up again! 75
'You! hypocrite lecteur!—mon semblable,—mon frère!'
II. A GAME OF CHESS
THE Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne,
Glowed on the marble, where the glass
Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines
From which a golden Cupidon peeped out 80
(Another hid his eyes behind his wing)
Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra
Reflecting light upon the table as
The glitter of her jewels rose to meet it,
From satin cases poured in rich profusion; 85
In vials of ivory and coloured glass
Unstoppered, lurked her strange synthetic perfumes,
Unguent, powdered, or liquid—troubled, confused
And drowned the sense in odours; stirred by the air
That freshened from the window, these ascended 90
In fattening the prolonged candle-flames,
Flung their smoke into the laquearia,
Stirring the pattern on the coffered ceiling.
Huge sea-wood fed with copper Burned green and orange, framed by the coloured stone, 95 In which sad light a carvèd dolphin swam.
Above the antique mantel was displayed
As though a window gave upon the sylvan scene
The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king
So rudely forced; yet there the n
ightingale 100
Filled all the desert with inviolable voice
And still she cried, and still the world pursues, 'Jug Jug' to dirty ears. And other withered stumps of time
Were told upon the walls; staring forms 105
Leaned out, leaning, hushing the room enclosed.
Footsteps shuffled on the stair. Under the firelight, under the brush, her hair
Spread out in fiery points Glowed into words, then would be savagely still. 110
'My nerves are bad to-night. Yes, bad. Stay with me.
'Speak to me. Why do you never speak? Speak.
'What are you thinking of? What thinking? What?
'I never know what you are thinking. Think.'
I think we are in rats' alley 115 Where the dead men lost their bones.
'What is that noise?' The wind under the door. 'What is that noise now? What is the wind doing?'
Nothing again nothing. 120 'Do
'You know nothing? Do you see nothing? Do you remember 'Nothing?' I remember
Those are pearls that were his eyes. 125
'Are you alive, or not? Is there nothing in your head?' But
O O O O that Shakespeherian Rag—
It's so elegant So intelligent 130
'What shall I do now? What shall I do?'
'I shall rush out as I am, and walk the street
'With my hair down, so. What shall we do to-morrow? 'What shall we ever do?' The hot water at ten. 135 And if it rains, a closed car at four.
And we shall play a game of chess,
Pressing lidless eyes and waiting for a knock upon the door.
When Lil's husband got demobbed, I said—
I didn't mince my words, I said to her myself, 140
HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME Now Albert's coming back, make yourself a bit smart.
He'll want to know what you done with that money he gave you
To get yourself some teeth. He did, I was there.
You have them all out, Lil, and get a nice set, 145
He said, I swear, I can't bear to look at you.
And no more can't I, I said, and think of poor Albert,
He's been in the army four years, he wants a good time, And if you don't give it him, there's others will, I said.
Oh is there, she said. Something o' that, I said. 150
Then I'll know who to thank, she said, and give me a straight look.
HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME If you don't like it you can get on with it, I said.
Others can pick and choose if you can't.
But if Albert makes off, it won't be for lack of telling. 155 You ought to be ashamed, I said, to look so antique. (And her only thirty-one.) I can't help it, she said, pulling a long face,
It's them pills I took, to bring it off, she said.
(She's had five already, and nearly died of young George.) 160 The chemist said it would be alright, but I've never been the same.
You are a proper fool, I said. Well, if Albert won't leave you alone, there it is, I said, What you get married for if you don't want children?
HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME 165
Well, that Sunday Albert was home, they had a hot gammon, And they asked me in to dinner, to get the beauty of it hot— HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME Goonight Bill. Goonight Lou. Goonight May. Goonight. 170 Ta ta. Goonight. Goonight. Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night.
III. THE FIRE SERMON
THE river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leaf
Clutch and sink into the wet bank. The wind
Crosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed. 175 Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song.
The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers,
Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends
Or other testimony of summer nights. The nymphs are departed. And their friends, the loitering heirs of city directors; 180 Departed, have left no addresses.
By the waters of Leman I sat down and wept...
Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song,
Sweet Thames, run softly, for I speak not loud or long.
But at my back in a cold blast I hear 185
The rattle of the bones, and chuckle spread from ear to ear.
A rat crept softly through the vegetation
Dragging its slimy belly on the bank
While I was fishing in the dull canal
On a winter evening round behind the gashouse 190
Musing upon the king my brother's wreck
And on the king my father's death before him.
White bodies naked on the low damp ground
And bones cast in a little low dry garret,
Rattled by the rat's foot only, year to year. 195
But at my back from time to time I hear
The sound of horns and motors, which shall bring
Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring.
O the moon shone bright on Mrs. Porter
And on her daughter 200 They wash their feet in soda water
Et, O ces voix d'enfants, chantant dans la coupole!
Twit twit twit
Jug jug jug jug jug jug So rudely forc'd. 205 Tereu
Unreal City
Under the brown fog of a winter noon
Mr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant
Unshaven, with a pocket full of currants 210
C.i.f. London: documents at sight,
Asked me in demotic French To luncheon at the Cannon Street Hotel
Followed by a weekend at the Metropole.
At the violet hour, when the eyes and back 215
Turn upward from the desk, when the human engine waits
Like a taxi throbbing waiting, I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives,
Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can see
At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives 220
Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea,
The typist home at teatime, clears her breakfast, lights
Her stove, and lays out food in tins.
Out of the window perilously spread
Her drying combinations touched by the sun's last rays, 225 On the divan are piled (at night her bed)
Stockings, slippers, camisoles, and stays.
I Tiresias, old man with wrinkled dugs
Perceived the scene, and foretold the rest—
I too awaited the expected guest. 230
He, the young man carbuncular, arrives,
A small house agent's clerk, with one bold stare,
One of the low on whom assurance sits
As a silk hat on a Bradford millionaire.
The time is now propitious, as he guesses, 235
The meal is ended, she is bored and tired,
Endeavours to engage her in caresses
Which still are unreproved, if undesired.
Flushed and decided, he assaults
at once;
Exploring hands encounter no defence; 240
His vanity requires no response, And makes a welcome of indifference.
(And I Tiresias have foresuffered all
Enacted on this same divan or bed;
I who have sat by Thebes below the wall 245
And walked among the lowest of the dead.)
Bestows on final patronising kiss,
And gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit...
She turns and looks a moment in the glass,
Hardly aware of her departed lover; 250
Her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass:
'Well now that's done: and I'm glad it's over.'
When lovely woman stoops to folly and
Paces about her room again, alone,
She smoothes her hair with automatic hand, 255
And puts a record on the gramophone.
'This music crept by me upon the waters'
And along the Strand, up Queen Victoria Street.
O City city, I can sometimes hear
Beside a public bar in Lower Thames Street, 260
The pleasant whining of a mandoline
And a clatter and a chatter from within
Where fishmen lounge at noon: where the walls Of Magnus Martyr hold Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold. 265
The river sweats Oil and tar The barges drift With the turning tide Red sails 270 Wide
To leeward, swing on the heavy spar.
The barges wash Drifting logs
Down Greenwich reach 275 Past the Isle of Dogs. Weialala leia Wallala leialala
Elizabeth and Leicester Beating oars 280 The stern was formed A gilded shell Red and gold The brisk swell
Rippled both shores 285 Southwest wind Carried down stream The peal of bells White towers Weialala leia 290 Wallala leialala
'Trams and dusty trees. Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew
Undid me. By Richmond I raised my knees
Supine on the floor of a narrow canoe.' 295
'My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart
Under my feet. After the event He wept. He promised \"a new start\".
I made no comment. What should I resent?'
'On Margate Sands. 300 I can connect Nothing with nothing.
The broken fingernails of dirty hands.
My people humble people who expect Nothing.' 305 la la
To Carthage then I came
Burning burning burning burning
O Lord Thou pluckest me out O Lord Thou pluckest 310
burning
IV. DEATH BY WATER
PHLEBAS the Phoenician, a fortnight dead,
Forgot the cry of gulls, and the deep seas swell
And the profit and loss. A current under sea 315 Picked his bones in whispers. As he rose and fell
He passed the stages of his age and youth
Entering the whirlpool. Gentile or Jew
O you who turn the wheel and l
ook to windward, 320
Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.
V. WHAT THE THUNDER SAID
AFTER the torchlight red on sweaty faces
After the frosty silence in the gardens
After the agony in stony places The shouting and the crying 325
Prison and place and reverberation
Of thunder of spring over distant mountains
He who was living is now dead We who were living are now dying
With a little patience 330
Here is no water but only rock Rock and no water and the sandy road
The road winding above among the mountains
Which are mountains of rock without water
If there were water we should stop and drink 335
Amongst the rock one cannot stop or think
Sweat is dry and feet are in the sand
If there were only water amongst the rock
Dead mountain mouth of carious teeth that cannot spit Here one can neither stand nor lie nor sit 340
There is not even silence in the
mountains
But dry sterile thunder without rain
There is not even solitude in the mountains
But red sullen faces sneer and snarl
From doors of mudcracked houses
If there were water 345 And no rock If there were rock And also water And water A spring 350
A pool among the rock If there were the sound of water only
Not the cicada And dry grass singing
But sound of water over a rock 355
Where the hermit-thrush sings in the pine trees
Drip drop drip drop drop drop drop
But there is no water
Who is the third who walks always beside you?
When I count, there are only you and I together 360
But when I look ahead up the white road
There is always another one walking beside you
Gliding wrapt in a brown mantle, hooded
I do not know whether a man or a woman
—But who is that on the other side of you? 365
What is that sound high in the
air
Murmur of maternal lamentation
Who are those hooded hordes swarming
Over endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth
Ringed by the flat horizon only 370
What is the city over the mountains
Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air Falling towers
Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London 375 Unreal
A woman drew her long black hair out tight
And fiddled whisper music on those strings
And bats with baby faces in the violet light
Whistled, and beat their wings 380
And crawled head downward down a blackened wall
And upside down in air were towers
Tolling reminiscent bells, that kept the hours
And voices singing out of empty cisterns and exhausted wells.
In this decayed hole among the mountains 385
In the faint moonlight, the grass is singing
Over the tumbled graves, about the chapel
There is the empty chapel, only the wind's home.
It has no windows, and the door
swings,
Dry bones can harm no one. 390
Only a cock stood on the rooftree
Co co rico co co rico
In a flash of lightning. Then a damp gust Bringing rain
Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves 395
Waited for rain, while the black clouds
Gathered far distant, over Himavant.
The jungle crouched, humped in silence.
Then spoke the thunder D A 400
Datta: what have we given? My friend, blood shaking my heart
The awful daring of a moment's surrender
Which an age of prudence can never retract
By this, and this only, we have existed 405
Which is not to be found in our obituaries
Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider
Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor
In our empty rooms D A 410
Dayadhvam: I have heard the key
Turn in the door once and turn once only
We think of the key, each in his prison
Thinking of the key, each confir
ms a prison
Only at nightfall, aetherial rumours 415
Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus D A
Damyata: The boat responded Gaily, to the hand expert with sail and oar
The sea was calm, your heart would have responded 420 Gaily, when invited, beating obedient
To controlling hands
I sat upon the shore
Fishing, with the arid plain behind me
Shall I at least set my lands in order? 425
London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down
Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affina
Quando fiam ceu chelidon—O swallow swallow
Le Prince d'Aquitaine à la tour abolie
These fragments I have shored against my ruins 430
Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo's mad againe.
Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.
Shantih shantih shantih
-------------------------
NOTES
Not only the title, but the plan and a good deal of the incidental
symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston's
book on the Grail legend: From Ritual to Romance (Macmillan). Indeed, so deeply am I indebted, Miss Weston's book will elucidate
the difficulties of the poem much better than my notes can do; and I
recommend it (apart from the great interest of the book itself) to
any who think such elucidation of the poem worth the trouble. To
another work of anthropology I am indebted in general, one which has
influenced our generation profoundly; I mean The Golden Bough; I
have used especially the two volumes Adonis, Attis, Osiris. Anyone
who is acquainted with these works will immediately recognize in the
poem certain references to vegetation ceremonies.
I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD
Line 20 Cf. Ezekiel 2:7.
23. Cf. Ecclesiastes 12:5.
31. V. Tristan und Isolde, i, verses 5–8.
42. Id. iii, verse 24.
46. I am not familiar with the exact constitution of the Tarot pack
of cards, from which I have obviously departed to suit my own convenience. The Hanged Man, a member of the traditional pack, fits
my purpose in two ways: because he is associated in my mind with the
Hanged God of Frazer, and because I associate him with the hooded
figure in the passage of the disciples to Emmaus in Part V. The Phoenician Sailor and the Merchant appear later; also the 'crowds of
people', and Death by Water is executed in Part IV. The Man with
Three Staves (an authentic member of the Tarot pack) I associate,
quite arbitrarily, with the Fisher King himself.
60. Cf. Baudelaire:
Fourmillante cité, cité pleine de rêves,
Où le spectre en plein jour raccroche le passant.
63. Cf. Inferno, iii. 55–7: si lunga tratta
di gente, ch'io non avrei mai creduto
che morte tanta n'avesse disfatta.
. Cf. Inferno, iv. 25–27: Quivi, secondo che per ascoltare,
non avea pianto, ma' che di sospiri,
che l'aura eterna facevan tremare.
68. A phenomenon which I have often noticed.
74. Cf. the Dirge in Webster's White Devil.
76. V. Baudelaire, Preface to Fleurs du Mal.
II. A GAME OF CHESS
77. Cf. Antony and Cleopatra, II. ii. 190.
92. Laquearia. V. Aeneid, I. 726:
dependent lychni laquearibus aureis incensi, et noctem flammis funalia vincunt.
98. Sylvan scene. V. Milton, Paradise Lost, iv. 140.
99. V. Ovid, Metamorphoses, vi, Philomela.
100. Cf. Part III, l. 204.
115. Cf. Part III, l. 195.
118. Cf. Webster: 'Is the wind in that door still?'
126. Cf. Part I, l. 37, 48.
138. Cf. the game of chess in Middleton's Women beware Women.
III. THE FIRE SERMON
176. V. Spenser, Prothalamion.
192. Cf. The Tempest, I. ii.
196. Cf. Marvell, To His Coy Mistress.
197. Cf. Day, Parliament of Bees:
When of the sudden, listening, you shall hear,
A noise of horns and hunting, which shall bring
Actaeon to Diana in the spring, Where all shall see her naked skin...
199. I do not know the origin of the ballad from which these lines
are taken: it was reported to me from Sydney, Australia.
202. V. Verlaine, Parsifal.
210. The currants were quoted at a price 'carriage and insurance
free to London'; and the Bill of Lading, etc., were to be handed to
the buyer upon payment of the sight draft.
218. Tiresias, although a mere spectator and not indeed
a 'character', is yet the most important personage in the poem, uniting all the rest. Just as the one-eyed merchant, seller of currants, melts into the Phoenician Sailor, and the latter is not
wholly distinct from Ferdinand Prince of Naples, so all the women
are one woman, and the two sexes meet in Tiresias. What Tiresias
sees, in fact, is the substance of the poem. The whole passage from
Ovid is of great anthropological interest:
...Cum Iunone iocos et 'maior vestra profecto est
Quam, quae contingit maribus', dixisse, 'voluptas.'
Illa negat; placuit quae sit sententia docti
Quaerere Tiresiae: venus huic erat utraque nota.
Nam duo magnorum viridi coeuntia silva
Corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu
Deque viro factus, mirabile, femina septem
Egerat autumnos; octavo rursus eosdem
Vidit et 'est vestrae si tanta potentia plagae',
Dixit 'ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet,
Nunc quoque vos feriam!' percussis anguibus isdem
Forma prior rediit genetivaque venit imago.
Arbiter hic igitur sumptus de lite iocosa
Dicta Iovis firmat; gravius Saturnia iusto
Nec pro materia fertur doluisse suique
Iudicis aeterna damnavit lumina nocte,
At pater omnipotens (neque enim licet inrita cuiquam
Facta dei fecisse deo) pro lumine adempto
Scire futura dedit poenamque levavit honore.
221. This may not appear as exact as Sappho's lines, but I had in
mind the 'longshore' or 'dory' fisherman, who returns at nightfall.
253. V. Goldsmith, the song in The Vicar of Wakefield.
257. V. The Tempest, as above.
2. The interior of St. Magnus Martyr is to my mind one of the
finest among Wren's interiors. See The Proposed Demolition of Nineteen City Churches (P. S. King & Son, Ltd.).
266. The Song of the (three) Thames-daughters begins here. From line
292 to 306 inclusive they speak in turn. V. Götterdammerung, III.
i: The Rhine-daughters.
279. V. Froude, Elizabeth, vol. I, ch. iv, letter of De Quadra to Philip of Spain:
In the afternoon we were in a barge, watching the games on the
river. (The queen) was alone with Lord Robert and myself on the
poop, when they began to talk nonsense, and went so far that Lord
Robert at last said, as I was on the spot there was no reason why
they should not be married if the queen pleased.
293. Cf. Purgatorio, V. 133: 'Ricorditi di me, che son la Pia; Siena mi fe', disfecemi Maremma.'
307. V. St. Augustine's Confessions: 'to Carthage then I came, where
a cauldron of unholy loves sang all about mine ears'.
308. The complete text of the Buddha's Fire Sermon (which corresponds in importance to the Sermon on the Mount) from which
these words are taken, will be found translated in the late Henry
Clarke Warren's Buddhism in Tr
anslation (Harvard Oriental Series).
Mr. Warren was one of the great pioneers of Buddhist studies in the Occident.
309. From St. Augustine's Confessions again. The collocation of these two representatives of eastern and western asceticism, as the
culmination of this part of the poem, is not an accident.
V. WHAT THE THUNDER SAID
In the first part of Part V three themes are employed: the journey
to Emmaus, the approach to the Chapel Perilous (see Miss Weston's
book), and the present decay of eastern Europe.
357. This is Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii, the hermit-thrush which I
have heard in Quebec County. Chapman says (Handbook of Birds in
Eastern North America) 'it is most at home in secluded woodland and
thickety retreats.... Its notes are
not remarkable for variety or volume, but in purity and sweetness of tone and exquisite modulation
they are unequalled.' Its 'water-dripping song' is justly celebrated.
360. The following lines were stimulated by the account of one of
the Antarctic expeditions (I forget which, but I think one of Shackleton's): it was related that the party of explorers, at the extremity of their strength, had the constant delusion that there was one more member than could actually be counted.
367–77. Cf. Hermann Hesse, Blick ins Chaos:
Schon ist halb Europa, schon ist zumindest der halbe Osten Europas
auf dem Wege zum Chaos, fährt betrunken im heiligen Wahn am Abgrund
entlang und singt dazu, singt betrunken und hymnisch wie Dmitri
Karamasoff sang. Ueber diese Lieder lacht der Bürger beleidigt, der
Heilige und Seher hört sie mit Tränen.
401. 'Datta, dayadhvam, damyata'
(Give, sympathize, control). The
fable of the meaning of the Thunder is found in the Brihadaranyaka--
Upanishad, 5, 1. A translation is found in Deussen's Sechzig Upanishads des Veda, p. 4.
407. Cf. Webster, The White Devil, V, vi: ...they'll remarry
Ere the worm pierce your winding-sheet, ere the spider Make a thin curtain for your epitaphs.
411. Cf. Inferno, xxxiii. 46: ed io sentii chiavar l'uscio di sotto
all'orribile torre.
Also F. H. Bradley, Appearance and Reality, p. 346:
My external sensations are no less private to myself than are my
thoughts or my feelings. In either case my experience falls within
my own circle, a circle closed on the outside; and, with all its elements alike, every sphere is opaque to the others which surround
it.... In brief, regarded as an existence which appears in a soul, the whole world for each is peculiar and private to that soul.
424. V. Weston, From Ritual to Romance; chapter on the Fisher King.
427. V. Purgatorio, xxvi. 148. 'Ara vos prec per aquella valor 'que vos guida al som de l'escalina,
'sovegna vos a temps de ma dolor.'
Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affina.
428. V. Pervigilium Veneris. Cf. Philomela in Parts II and III.
429. V. Gerard de Nerval, Sonnet El Desdichado.
431. V. Kyd's Spanish Tragedy.
433. Shantih. Repeated as here, a formal ending to an
Upanishad. 'The Peace which passeth understanding' is a feeble translation of the conduct of this word.
三个译本(查良铮、汤永宽、赵萝蕤)之查良铮译《荒原》,并向查老致敬!
荒原
“因为我在古米亲眼看见西比尔吊在笼子里。孩子们问她:你要什么,西比尔?
她回答道:我要死。”
献给艾兹拉·庞德 更卓越的巧匠
一、死者的葬礼
四月最残忍,从死了的 土地滋生丁香,混杂着 回忆和欲望,让春雨 挑动着呆钝的根。 冬天保我们温暖,把大地 埋在忘怀的雪里,使干了的 球茎得一点点生命。 夏天来得意外,随着一阵骤雨 到了斯坦伯吉西;我们躲在廊下, 等太阳出来,便到郝夫加登 去喝咖啡,又闲谈了一点钟。 我不是人,原籍立陶宛,是纯德国种。
我们小时侯,在大公家做客, 那是我表兄,他带我出去滑雪撬, 我害怕死了。他说,玛丽,玛丽, 抓紧了呵。于是我们冲下去。 在山中,你会感到舒畅。 我大半夜看书,冬天去到南方。
这是什么根在抓着,是什么树杈 从这片乱石里长出来?人子呵, 你说不出,也猜不着,因为你只知道
一堆破碎的形象,受着太阳拍击, 而枯树没有阴凉,蟋蟀不使人轻松,
干石头发不出流水的声音。只有 一片阴影在这红色的岩石下, (来吧,请走进这红岩石下的阴影)
我要指给你一件事,它不同于
你早晨的影子,跟在你后面走 也不象你黄昏的影子,起来迎你, 我要指给你恐惧是在一撮尘土里。 风儿吹得清爽, 吹向我的家乡, 我的爱尔兰孩子, 如今你在何方?
“一年前你初次给了我风信子, 他们都叫我风信子女郎。” ——可是当我们从风信子花园走回,天晚了,
你的两臂抱满,你的头发是湿的, 我说不出话来,两眼看不见,我 不生也不死,什么也不知道, 看进光的中心,那一片沉寂。 荒凉而空虚是那大海。
索索斯垂丝夫人,著名的相命家, 患了重感冒,但仍然是 欧洲公认的最有智慧的女人, 她有一副鬼精灵的纸牌。这里,她说,
你的牌,淹死的腓尼基水手, (那些明珠曾经是他的眼睛。看!)
这是美女贝拉磨娜,岩石的女人, 有多种遭遇的女人。
这是有三根杖的人,这是轮盘, 这是独眼商人,还有这张牌 是空白的,他拿来背在背上, 不许我看见。我找不到。 那绞死的人。小心死在水里。 我看见成群的人,在一个圈里转。 谢谢你。如果你看见伊奎通太太, 就说我亲自把星象图带过去: 这年头人得万事小心呵。
不真实的城,
在冬天早晨棕黄色的雾下, 一群人流过伦敦桥,呵,这么多 我没有想到死亡毁灭了这么多。 叹息,隔一会短短地嘘出来, 每个人的目光都盯着自己的脚。 流上小山,流下威廉王大街,
直到圣玛丽·乌尔诺教堂,在那里 大钟正沉沉桥着九点的最后一响。 那儿我遇到一个熟人,喊住他道: “史太森!你记得我们在麦来船上! 去年你种在你的花园里的尸首, 它发芽了吗?今年能开花吗? 还是突然霜冻搅乱了它的花床? 哦,千万把狗撵开,那是人类之友,
不然他会用爪子又把它掘出来! 你呀,伪善的读者——我的同类,我的兄弟!”
二、 一局棋戏
她所坐的椅子,在大理石上 象王座闪闪发光;有一面镜子, 镜台镂刻着结葡萄的藤蔓, 金黄的小爱神偷偷向外窥探, (还有一个把眼睛藏在翅膀下) 把七枝蜡的烛台的火焰 加倍反射到桌上;她的珠宝 从缎套倾泻出的灿烂光泽, 正好升起来和那反光相汇合。 在开盖的象牙瓶和五彩玻璃瓶里 暗藏着她那怪异的合成香料, 有油膏、敷粉或汁液——以违乱神智,
并把感官淹没在奇香中;不过 受到窗外的新鲜空气的搅动, 它们上升而把瘦长的烛火加宽, 又把烛烟投到雕漆的梁间, 使屋顶镶板的图案模糊了。 巨大的木器镶满了黄铜 闪着青绿和橘黄,有彩石围着, 在幽光里游着一只浮雕的海豚。 好象推窗看到的田园景色, 在古老的壁炉架上展示出 菲罗美的变形,是被昏王的粗暴 逼成的呵;可是那儿有夜莺的 神圣不可侵犯的歌声充满了荒漠, 她还在啼叫,世界如今还在追逐,
“唧格,唧格”叫给脏耳朵听。 还有时光的其它残骸断梗 在墙上留着;凝视的人像倾着身, 倾着身,使关闭的屋子默默无声。 脚步在楼梯上慢慢移动着。 在火光下,刷子下,她的头发 播散出斑斑的火星
闪亮为语言,以后又猛地沉寂。
“我今晚情绪不好。呵,很坏。陪着我。
跟我说话吧。怎么不说呢?说呵。 你在想什么?什么呀? 我从不知你想着什么。想。”
我想我们是在耗子洞里, 死人在这里丢了骨头。
“那是什么声音?” 是门洞下的风。 “那又是什么声音?风在干什么?” 虚空,还是虚空。 “你
什么也不知道?什么也没看见?什么
也不记得?”
我记得
那些明珠曾经是他的眼睛。 “你是活是死?你的头脑里什么也没有?”
可是
呵呵呵呵那莎士比希亚小调—— 这么文雅 这么聪明
“如今我做什么好?我做什么好?” “我要这样冲出去,在大街上走, 披着头发,就这样。我们明天干什么?
我们究竟干什么?” 十点钟要热水。 若是下雨,四点钟要带篷的车。 我们将下一盘棋,
揉了难合的眼,等着叩门的一声。
丽尔的男人退伍的时候,我说—— 我可是直截了当,我自己对她说的,
快走吧,到时候了
艾伯特要回来了,你得打扮一下。 他要问你他留下的那笔镶牙的钱 是怎么用的。他给时,我也在场。 把牙都拔掉吧,丽尔,换一副好的。
他说,看你那样子真叫人受不了。 连我也受不了,我说,你替艾伯特想想,
他当兵四年啦,他得找点乐趣, 如果你不给他,还有别人呢,我说。
呵,是吗,她说。差不多吧,我说。
那我知道该谢谁啦,她说,直看着我。
快走吧,到时候了
你不爱这种事也得顺着点,我说。 要是你不能,别人会来接你哩。 等艾伯特跑了,可别怪我没说到。 你也不害臊,我说,弄得这么老相。
(论年纪她才三十一岁)。 没有法子,她说,愁眉苦脸的, 是那药丸子打胎打的,她说。 (她已生了五个,小乔治几乎送了她的命。)
医生说就会好的,可是我大不如从前了。
你真是傻瓜,我说。
要是艾伯特不肯罢休,那怎么办,我说。
你不想生孩子又何必结婚? 快走吧,到时候了
对,那礼拜天艾伯特在家,做了熏火腿,
他们请我吃饭,要我乘热吃那鲜味——
快走吧,到时候了
快走吧,到时候了
晚安,比尔。晚安,娄。晚安,梅。晚安。
再见。晚安。晚安。
晚安,夫人们,晚安,亲爱的,晚安,晚安。
三、火的说教
河边缺少了似帐篷的遮盖,树叶最后的手指
没抓住什么而飘落到潮湿的岸上。风
掠过棕黄的大地,无声的。仙女都走了。
温柔的泰晤士,轻轻地流,等我唱完我的歌。
河上不再漂着空瓶子,裹夹肉面包的纸,
绸手绢,硬纸盒子,吸剩的香烟头,
或夏夜的其它见证。仙女都走了。 还有她们的朋友,公司大亨的公子哥们,
走了,也没有留下地址。 在莱芒湖边我坐下来哭泣…… 温柔的泰晤士,轻轻地流,等我唱完我的歌。
温柔的泰晤士,轻轻地流吧,我不会大声,也说不多。
可是在我背后的冷风中,我听见 白骨在碰撞,得意的笑声从耳边传到耳边。
一只老鼠悄悄爬过了草丛 把它湿粘的肚子拖过河岸,
而我坐在冬日黄昏的煤气厂后, 对着污滞的河水垂钓, 沉思着我的王兄在海上的遭难。 和在他以前我的父王的死亡。 在低湿的地上裸露着白尸体,
白骨抛弃在干燥低矮的小阁楼上, 被耗子的脚拨来拨去的,年复一年。
然而在我的背后我不时地听见 汽车和喇叭的声音,是它带来了 斯温尼在春天会见鲍特太太。 呵,月光在鲍特太太身上照耀 也在她女儿身上照耀 她们在苏打水里洗脚
哦,听童男女们的歌声,在教堂的圆顶下!
嘁喳嘁喳
唧格、唧格、唧格, 逼得这么粗暴。 特鲁
不真实的城
在冬日正午的棕黄色雾下 尤金尼迪先生,斯莫纳的商人 没有刮脸,口袋里塞着葡萄干 托运伦敦免费,见款即交的提单, 他讲着俗劣的法语邀请我 到加农街饭店去吃午餐 然后在大都会去度周末。
在紫色黄昏到来时,当眼睛和脊背 从写字台抬直起来,当人的机体 象出租汽车在悸动地等待, 我,提瑞西士,悸动在雌雄两种生命之间,
一个有着干瘪的女性乳房的老头, 尽管是瞎的,在这紫色的黄昏时刻 (它引动乡思,把水手从海上带回家)
却看见打字员下班回到家,洗了 早点的用具,生上炉火,摆出罐头食物。
窗外不牢靠地挂着
她晾干的内衣,染着夕阳的残辉, 沙发上(那是她夜间的床)摊着 长袜子,拖鞋,小背心,紧身胸衣。
我,有褶皱乳房的老人提瑞西士,
知道这一幕,并且预见了其余的—— 我也在等待那盼望的客人。 他来了,那满脸酒刺的年青人, 小代理店的办事员,一种大胆的眼神,
自得的神气罩着这种下层人, 好象丝绒帽戴在勃莱弗暴发户的头上。
来的正是时机,他猜对了, 晚饭吃过,她厌腻而懒散, 他试着动手动脚上去温存, 虽然没受欢迎,也没有被责备。 兴奋而坚定,他立刻进攻, 探索的手没有遇到抗拒, 他的虚荣心也不需要反应, 冷漠对他就等于是欢迎。 (我,提瑞西士,早已忍受过了 在这沙发式床上演出的一切; 我在底比斯城墙下坐过的, 又曾在卑贱的死人群里走过。) 最后给了她恩赐的一吻, 摸索着走出去,楼梯上也没个灯亮……
她回头对镜照了一下,全没想到还有那个离去的情人; 心里模糊地闪过一个念头: “那桩事总算完了;我很高兴。” 当美人儿做了失足的蠢事 而又在屋中来回踱着,孤独地, 她机械地用手理了理头发, 并拿一张唱片放上留声机。
“这音乐在水上从我的身边流过,” 流过河滨大街,直上维多利亚街。 哦,金融城,有时我能听见 在下泰晤士街的酒吧间旁, 一只四弦琴的悦耳的怨诉, 而酒吧间内渔贩子们正在歇午, 发出嘈杂的喧声,还有殉道堂: 在它那壁上是说不尽的 爱奥尼亚的皎洁与金色的辉煌。
油和沥青
洋溢在河上 随着浪起 游艇漂去 红帆 撑得宽宽的
顺风而下,在桅上摇摆。 游艇擦过 漂浮的大木 流过格林威治 流过大岛
喂呵啦啦 咧呀 哇啦啦 咧呀啦啦
伊丽莎白和莱斯特 划着浆 船尾好似 一只镀金的贝壳 红的和金黄的 活泼的水浪 泛到两岸 西南风 把钟声的清响 朝下流吹送 白的楼塔
喂呵啦啦 咧呀 哇啦啦 咧呀啦啦
“电车和覆满尘土的树, 海倍里给我生命。瑞曲蒙和克尤把我毁掉。在瑞曲蒙我翘起腿 仰卧在小独木舟的船底。” “我的脚在摩尔门,我的心 在我脚下。在那件事后 他哭了,发誓‘重新做人’。 我无话可说。这该怨什么?
“在马尔门的沙滩上。 我能联结起 虚空和虚空。
呵,脏手上的破碎指甲。 我们这些卑贱的人 无所期望。” 啦啦
于是我来到迦太基
烧呵烧呵烧呵烧呵 主呵,救我出来 主呵,救我 烧呵
四、水里的死亡
扶里巴斯,那腓尼基人,死了两星期,
他忘了海鸥的啼唤,深渊里的巨浪,
利润和损失。
海底的一股洋流 低语着啄他的骨头。就在一起一落时光
他经历了苍老和青春的阶段 而进入旋涡。
犹太或非犹太人呵, 你们转动轮盘和观望风向的, 想想他,也曾象你们一样漂亮而高大。
荒 原 (5)
五、雷的说话
在汗湿的面孔被火把照亮后 在花园经过寒霜的死寂后 在岩石间的受难后 还有呐喊和哭号 监狱、宫殿和春雷 在远山的回音振荡以后 那一度活着的如今死了 我们曾活过而今却垂死 多少带一点耐心
这里没有水只有岩石
有石而无水,只有砂石路 砂石路迂回在山岭中 山岭是石头的全没有水 要是有水我们会停下来啜饮 在岩石间怎能停下和思想 汗是干的,脚埋在沙子里 要是岩石间有水多么好 死山的嘴长着蛀牙,吐不出水来 人在这里不能站,不能躺,不能坐 这山间甚至没有安静 只有干打的雷而没有雨 这山间甚至没有闲适 只有怒得发紫的脸嘲笑和詈骂 从干裂的泥土房子的门口 如果有水
而没有岩石 如果有岩石 也有水 那水是 一条泉 山石间的清潭 要是只有水的声音 不是知了 和枯草的歌唱 而是水流石上的清响 还有画眉鸟隐在松林里作歌 淅沥淅沥沥沥沥 可是没有水
那总是在你身边走的第三者是谁? 我算数时,只有你我两个人 可是我沿着白色的路朝前看 总看见有另一个人在你的身旁 裹着棕色的斗篷蒙着头巾走着 我不知道那是男人还是女人 ——但在你身旁走的人是谁?
那高空中响着什么声音 好似慈母悲伤的低诉 那一群蒙面人是谁
涌过莽莽的平原,跌进干裂的土地 四周只是平坦的地平线 那山中是什么城
破裂,修好,又在紫红的空中崩毁 倒下的楼阁呵
耶路撒冷、雅典、亚历山大、 维也纳、伦敦 呵,不真实的
一个女人拉直她的黑长的头发 就在那丝弦上弹出低诉的乐音 蝙蝠带着婴儿脸在紫光里 呼啸着,拍着翅膀 头朝下,爬一面烟熏的墙 钟楼倒挂在半空中 敲着回忆的钟,报告时刻 还有歌声发自空水槽和枯井。
在山上这个倾坍的洞里 在淡淡的月光下,在教堂附近的 起伏的墓上,草在歌唱 那是空的教堂,只是风的家。 它没有窗户,门在摇晃, 干骨头伤害不了任何人。 只有一只公鸡站在屋脊上 咯咯叽咯,咯咯叽咯 在电闪中叫。随着一阵湿风 带来了雨。
恒河干涸,疲萎的叶子 等待下雨,乌黑的云 在远方集结,在喜马万山上。 林莽蜷伏着,沉默地蜷伏着。 于是雷说话了 哒
哒塔:我们给予了什么? 我的朋友,血激荡着我的心 一刹那果决献身的勇气 是一辈子的谨慎都赎不回的 我们靠这,仅仅靠这而活着 可是我们的讣告从不提它 它也不在善意的蜘蛛覆盖的记忆里 或在尖下巴律师打开的密封下 在我们的空室中 哒
哒亚德万:我听见钥匙 在门上转动一下,只转动了一下
我们想着钥匙,每人在囚室里, 想着钥匙,每人认定一间牢房 只在黄昏时,灵界的谣传 使失意的考瑞雷纳斯有一刻复苏 哒
哒密阿塔:小船欢欣地响应 那熟于使帆和摇桨的手 海是平静的,你的心灵受到邀请 会欢快地响应,听命于 那节制的手
我坐在岸上 垂钓,背后是一片枯乾的荒野, 是否我至少把我的园地整理好? 伦敦桥崩塌了崩塌了崩塌了 于是他把自己隐入炼狱的火中 何时我能象燕子——呵燕子,燕子 阿基坦王子在塌毁的楼阁中 为了支撑我的荒墟,我捡起这些碎片
当然我要供给你。海若尼莫又疯了。
哒嗒。哒亚德万。哒密呵塔。 善蒂,善蒂,善蒂。
(1922)
三个译本(查良铮、汤永宽、赵萝蕤)之汤永宽译《荒原》!
汤永宽译《荒原》
一、死者的葬礼
四月是最残忍的月份,从死去的土地
里
培育出丁香,把回忆和欲望 混合在一起,用春雨 搅动迟钝的根蒂。
冬天总使我们感到温暖,把大地 覆盖在健忘的雪里,用干燥的块茎 喂养一个短暂的生命。 夏天卷带着一场阵雨
掠过斯塔恩贝格湖,突然向我们袭来;
我们滞留在拱廊下,接着我们在太阳下继续前行,
走进霍夫加登,喝咖啡闲聊了一个钟头。
Bin gar Keine Russin, stamm'aus Litauen, echt deutsch. 那时我们还是孩子,待在大公的府邸,
我表哥的家里,他带我出去滑雪橇,
我吓坏啦。他说,玛丽,
玛丽,用劲抓住。于是我们就往下滑去。
在山里,在那儿你感到自由自在。 夜晚我多半是看书,到冬天我就上南方去。
这些盘曲虬结的是什么根,从这堆坚硬如石的垃圾里
长出的是什么枝条?人之子, 你说不出,也猜不透,因为只知道 一堆破烂的形像,这里烈日曝晒, 死去的树不能给你庇护,蟋蟀不能使你宽慰,
而干燥的石头也不能给你一滴水的声音。只有 这块红岩下的阴影,
(走进红岩下的阴影下面来吧,) 我就会给你展示一样东西既不同于 早晨在你背后大步流星的影子 也不同于黄昏时分升起迎接你的影子;
我会给你展示一把尘土中的恐惧。 Frisch Weht der Wind
Der Heimat Zu Mein Irisch Kind, Wo weilest de? “一年前你最先给我风信子; 他们叫我风信子姑娘。”
——可是等咱们从风信子花园回家,时间已晚,
你双臂满抱,你的头发都湿了,我一句话
都说不出来,眼睛也看不清了,我既不是
活的也不是死的,我什么都不知道,
茫然谛视那光芒的心,一片寂静。 Oed' und leer das Meer.
索梭斯特里斯太太,著名的千里眼,
患了重感冒,可她仍然是 人所熟知的欧洲最聪明的女人, 她有一副的纸牌。你瞧,她说,
这张是你的牌,淹死的腓尼基水手,
(那两颗珍珠就是他的眼睛。你瞧!)
这是Belladonna,岩石圣母, 善于应变的夫人。
这张是拥有三根权杖的男人,这是轮子,
而这是独眼商人,这张牌 尽管是空白的,是他背上扛着的东西,
却不准我看那到底是什么。。我没有去找
那个被吊死的人,害怕被水淹死。 我看见簇拥的人群围成一个圆圈走。
谢谢你。假若你见到亲爱的埃奎尔太太,
请告诉她我要亲自把占星图给她送去:
现如今你得非常小心。
虚幻的城市,
在冬天早晨的棕色浓雾下, 人群流过伦敦桥,那么多人, 我没想到死神竟报销了那么多人。 偶尔发出短促的叹息,
每个人的眼睛都盯着自己的脚尖。 他们涌上山冈,冲下威廉王大街, 那儿圣玛丽·沃尔诺斯教堂的大钟 沉重的钟声正敲着九点的最后一响。
我看见一个熟人,我叫住他:“斯特森!
你不就是在梅利和我一起在舰队里的吗!
去年你栽在你花园里的那具尸体, 开始发芽了没有?今年会开花吗? 要不就是突然来临的霜冻惊扰了它的苗床?
啊,要让狗离那儿远远的,狗爱跟人亲近,
不然它会用爪子把尸体又刨出来! 你!伪善的读者!——我的同类——我的兄弟!”
二、弈棋
她坐的椅子,像金碧辉煌的宝座, 映照在大理石上熠熠生光,高擎明镜的
灯台石柱雕刻着果实累累的葡萄藤蔓
一个金色的丘比特从藤蔓中偷偷望外张望
(另一个却把眼睛藏在他的翅膀后面)
明镜把七枝灯座吊灯的烛光反照得加倍明亮,
当她的珠宝从锦匣中射出 炫目的闪光与灯光相遇 桌面上便反射出一片霞光; 象牙的、彩色玻璃的小瓶
打开了瓶塞,里面藏着她那些调制的奇异香水,
粉末的,或液体的软膏——扰乱了,
淹没了
在芳香氲氤中的感官;袅袅上升的香气
被窗外新鲜空气拂动, 把烛光的延长的火焰扇的更旺, 烟雾窜进细工雕刻的凹形镶板, 拂动着方格天花板上的图案。 巨大的铜制的海洋树林
煅烧成翠绿和桔红色,镶嵌着的彩色宝石,
一个镂制的海豚在林间阴翳的光线下翻腾嬉水。
在那古老的壁炉上方, 仿佛是一扇眺望林木葱郁的窗子 挂着菲洛梅尔变形的图画,她被野蛮的国王
那么粗暴地强行非礼;但夜莺曾在那儿
用她那不可亵渎的歌声充塞了整个荒漠
而她仍在啼叫,今天这世界仍继续在啼叫,
向猥亵的耳朵叫着“佳佳”。 还有往昔的轶事旧闻
展示在四周墙上;惹人注目的形体 身子或向前倾,或倚斜着,叫这四壁围住的房间禁声。 楼梯上步履蹀躞。
火光下,发刷下,她的长发 散成点点火星
化为语言,接着又将是一片死寂。
“今晚我心情很乱,是的,很乱。陪着我。
跟我说话。为什么你总不说话。说呀。
你在想什么?想什么?是什么呀? 我从来不知道你在想什么。想想看。”
我想咱们是住在耗子的洞穴里, 死人连自己的尸骨都丢失了。
“那是什么声音?”
是门下面的风。 “这会儿又是什么声音?风在干什么?”
没有什么,是没有什么。 “难道 你什么都不知道?什么都没看见?什么都 不记得吗?”
我记得
那些珍珠原是他的眼睛。 “你是活的还是死的?你脑子里难道什么都没有?”
可是
哦哦哦哦这种莎士比亚式的“拉格”—— 多么文雅 多么聪明
“现在我该干些什么事?我该干什么呢?
“我就这样冲出去,走在大街上 “披头散发的,就这样。我们明天又干些什么呢? “我们到底要干什么?”
热水十点钟供应。
如果下雨,四点钟来一辆轿式马车。
然后我们就下一盘棋,
一面挣大着永远醒着的眼睛等待那一下敲门声。
丽尔的丈夫从复员的时候,我说——
我可不喜欢吞吞吐吐,我亲口对她这么说,
请快点儿,时间到啦
如今阿尔伯特要回来啦,你把自己打扮得漂亮点儿。
他准想知道你把他给你镶牙齿的钱 到底干了什么。他给了钱,当时我在场。
你把它们全拔了,丽尔,装一副漂亮
的,
他说,我发誓,我连瞧你一眼都受不了。
我也不能再忍受下去了,我说,想想可怜的阿尔伯特,
他在里待了四年,他想快快活活过日子,
要是你不让他快活,自有别人愿意呢,我说。
喔,有吗,她说。差不离儿。我说。
那我倒想知道该向谁表示感谢了,她说,瞪了我一眼。 请快点儿,时间到啦
要是你不喜欢那样,你不妨将就着那么干嘛,我说。
别人可是能挑三拣四的,要是你做不到的话。
可要是阿尔伯特跑掉了,那可不是因为没人警告过你。
你应该感到害臊,我说,你看上去多像个老古董。
(可她还只是三十一。) 我没法子,她说,拉长了脸, 这都怪我吃的那些药片,不想再有孩子啦,她说。
(她已经有了五个。生小乔治几乎要了她的命。)
药店老板说没事儿,可我再也不似往常了。
你真是个十足的大傻瓜,我说。 呃,要是阿尔伯特不让你安生,还会有孩子,我说,
不想有孩子,那你结婚为什么来着?
请快点儿,时间到啦
嗯,那个星期天阿尔伯特回了家,他们有只新鲜熏腿,
他们邀我去吃饭,趁新鲜品尝一下薰腿的美味—— 请快点儿,时间到啦 请快点儿,时间到啦
晚安,比尔。晚安,露。晚安,梅。晚安。
谢谢。谢谢。再见。再见。 再见,太太们,再见,好太太们,再见,再见。
三、火诫
河上的帐蓬破了:最后残留的枝叶犹恋恋不去
终于落进潮湿的河堤。风吹过褐色的大地,
没有被人听见。河上的娇娃美女已经离去。
亲爱的泰晤士河,你轻柔地流,直到我唱完我的歌。
河上没有空酒瓶,没有三明治的废纸片,
也没有丝手绢,硬纸盒,香烟头 或者其他表明夏天夜晚的证据。娇娃美女都已离去。
她们的朋友,城里头儿脑儿的逍遥的公子们,
也已离去,没有留下地址。 在莱蒙湖畔我坐下来低泣…… 亲爱的泰晤士河,你轻柔地流,直到我唱完我的歌。
亲爱的泰晤士河,你轻柔地流,因为我说得不响也不长。
但是在我身后,在一阵冷风中我听见
尸骨的格格声和吃吃的笑声传向四方。
一只耗子轻轻爬过草丛 拖着黏滑的肚子在河堤上行走 而我在一个冬天的薄暮,离煤气厂后面不远
在那条滞缓的运河上钓鱼 沉思我的兄王在海上的遇难 和在他之前我的父王的驾崩。 白色的尸体赤裸在低洼潮湿的地上,
尸骨却被扔在一座低矮而干燥的小阁楼里,
年复一年只是给耗子踩得格格作响。
但是在我背后我不时听见 汽笛和马达的声音,到春天它 就要把斯维尼带给波特太太。 啊 明月光皎皎 把波特太太和她女儿照 她俩在苏打水里洗双脚
Et O ces voix d'enfants, chantant dans la coupole!
唧 唧 唧 佳 佳 佳 佳 佳 那么粗暴地强行非礼 特鲁
虚幻的城市
在一个冬天中午的褐色雾霭下 尤吉尼德斯先生,从斯密尔纳来的商人
胡髭拉碴,带着一满袋无核葡萄干 到伦敦运费和保险金免收:凭提单付货,
他操一口通俗的法语邀请我 上炮台街旅馆去共进午餐 随后去梅特罗波尔消磨周末。
在暮霭渐浓的时刻,这时眼睛和背脊
从办公桌上抬起,这时人类的发动机
像突突地震动着等待开动的出租车那样等待着,
我,泰瑞西士,虽然双目失明,跳动在两个性别之间,
长着皱巴巴女性乳房的老头儿,却能看见
在这暮霭渐浓的时刻,蹒跚归去的黄昏
正把海员从海上带回家去, 打字员到喝茶时刻回了家,收拾早餐的杯碟,
点起炉子,摆出罐头食品。 她那险凛凛伸出窗外晒晾的连裤内衣
正领受着夕阳最后余辉的爱抚,
长沙发上(夜里便是她的卧床) 堆着她的袜子、拖鞋、背心和紧身胸内衣。
我,泰瑞西士,长着皱巴巴乳房的老头
看到这番景象,就能预知其余—— 我也在等候那位我盼着他来的客人。
他,满脸粉刺的年轻人来了, 小房地产经纪人的办事员,一副大胆盯视的目光,
那份自信搁在一个地位低微的人身上
活像一个布雷德福的百万富翁戴了顶大礼帽。
现在时机对他有利,正如他所猜测的那样,
晚饭已经吃过,她感到又厌烦又疲乏,
鼓起勇气上去跟她温存一番 也许还不致受到嗔怪,即使她并不希望这样。
涨红了脸,下定决心他立即发动袭击;
探索的双手没有遇到防卫; 他的虚荣原不要求对方回答 却招来一种满不在乎的欢迎。 (我,泰瑞西士早先已经经受过 在这同一张长沙发或床上演出的一切;
我,曾在底比斯城下倚墙而坐 也曾在最卑微的死者中间踽踽独行。)
他屈尊俯就亲了最后一吻, 发现楼梯上没有灯光,便暗中摸索着走了……
她调转身子往镜子里端详了一会, 没有理会她那已经离去的情人; 她脑子里只闪过一个没有完全形成的念头:
“唔,现在完事了:谢天谢地,这事儿总算已经过去。”
当淑女降尊屈从干了蠢事以后
重又在房间里来回踱步,孤零零的,
她无意识地用手抚平头发, 接着在唱机上放上一张唱片。
“这阵音乐从水面飘到我身边” 经过斯特兰德飘到维多利亚女王街。
哦 城市 城市,我有时能听见 在下泰晤士街一家酒吧附近 一只曼陀林动人的哀鸣声 还有笑闹声和喋喋不休的谈话声 从渔夫们中午休憩的地方传来,那儿
殉道者马格纳斯教堂的院墙一如既往
闪耀着爱奥尼亚的纯白和金色的神秘光芒。
泰晤士河泛起 油污和沥青
河上画舫随着潮流变换 而各自飘动 风吹涨了片片红帆 向着下风
在沉重的桅樯上摇动。 画舫激起波澜 冲击漂流的圆木 漂过多格斯半岛 直泻格林威治河湾。 Weialala leia Wallala leialala
伊丽莎白和莱斯特 划着船桨 船尾形状 收藏到:Del.icio.us
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- huatuo9.cn 版权所有 赣ICP备2023008801号-1
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 18 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务