英美文化课后答案5 Lecture 5 Education
Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1-10: FFTFF/FTFTT 11-20: TFFFF/FFTFF 20-26: FTFFF/T
Fill in the blanks with the correct information.
1. an infant section; a junior section 2. the state schools; independent schools 3. Grammar
schools 4. public schools 5. General National Vocational Qualifications 6. Oxford University; Cambridge University 7. Oxford 8. 1836 9. Open University 10. Bachelor’s degree; Master’s degree; Doctor’s degree. 11. elementary 12. kindergarten 13. elementary education; secondary education 14. home schooling 15. critical-thinking 16. Harvard University 17. Harvard University 18. Yale University 19. Princeton University 20. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Choose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text. 1-10: BBCBB/BCABD 11-20: BABBC/DBABA 21-25: CCDDA
Sentence Completion
1. Oxford, Cambridge 2. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester 3. 5, 16 4. independent 5. academic, practical
Explain the following terms. 1. Comprehensive school
Comprehensive schools were established before 1960, when pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability. Such schools provide general education. The pupils study a wide variety of subjects at first and after two or three years they may give up some of them and only study the subject they like.
2. Grammar school
Grammar schools are the oldest schools in the U.K. Grammar schools select children; the children who get high marks in the “Eleven Plus” examination can attend them. The students who show academic potential can attend grammar schools in which the emphasis is advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of comprehensive schools.
3. Independent school
Independent schools are also confusingly called public schools. Independent schools are funded through the private sector, tuition fees and minimal government assistance. Independent schools generally recruit the best teachers and provide advanced facilities. As a result, graduates of independent schools are more likely than those of state schools to be accepted by famous universities.
4. Oxbridge
The term Oxbridge is used to refer both Oxford University and Cambridge University as a
single entity.
5. Open University
The Open University （OU） is the U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It is open to everybody and doesn’t require the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are taught through TV, radio, videos and a network of study centers.
6. credit
Credit is used to measure an undergraduate in academic progress. A credit equals to one hour of classroom lecture, or two or three hours of experiments per week in a semester.
7. higher education
Higher education in the United Stated began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. When the students have finished high school (twelfth grade), they may go on to a college or a university. College or university study is known as “higher education”.
8. Harvard University
Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher education in the United States, was established in l636, and named for its first benefactor，John Harvard. Harvard University is known around the world for its outstanding academic achievements. It has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates.
Short Answer Questions
1. The traditional “three R’s” are: reading, writing and arithmetics.
2. After the Second World War a new educational system emphasizing equality was constructed with the assistance of church and trade unions. The Education Act in 1944 made entry to secondary schools and universities meritocratic. In other words, more children had access to a good education not because of their social class or their parents’ possession, but for the abilities they display. All children were given the right to a free secondary education.
3. British high education is world renowned for two reasons: history and research output.
4. Most universities in the United Kingdom can be classified into six main categories: 1) Ancient universities – universities founded before the 19th century.
2) London universities – universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
3) Red Brick universities – universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “redbrick” is not used much today, but it is a useful way of describing this group of universities, many of which were built in the favorable building material of the time – red brick.
4) Plate Glass Universities – founded in the 1960s which were known as “New Universities” when first created, but which are now more commonly considered a sub-section of the “Old Universities” which existed prior to the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 which allowed Polytechnics to become Universities.
5) The Open University – founded in 1968, Britain’s sole mainly distance-learning University. 6) New Universities – created in or after 1992 often called post-1992 universities, from polytechnics and colleges of Higher Education.
5. The Open University is a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programs.
6 .No Child Left Behind Act was passed to mandate Adequate Yearly Progress, which helped, to some extent, set some national learning standards.
7. Because the individual state has the law-endowed rights to make its own educational decisions.
8. American universities select their students up to their GPA and SAT mainly, at the same time, they may also take into consideration some subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and possibly an interview.
9. GPA stands for Grade Point Average; SAT stands for School Aptitude Test.
10. Charter schools receive public money but have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth in each school’s charter.
School vouchers, or education vouchers are a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, rather tahtn the public school to which they are assigned.
