国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷131(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷131 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文：W: I enjoy going through second-hand bookstores, don’t you? It’s interesting to see what people used to enjoy reading. Did you see this old book of children’s stories?M: Some of these books are not so old, see? This mystery was published only six years ago. It costs 75 cents. You can’t beat that.W: Here, look at this.M: What? Are you getting interested in the 19th century poetry all of a sudden?W: Everything on that shelf is worth 50 cents. But if this is the signature of someone who was well-known, it might bring a lot more. I hear William Shakespeare’s signature is worth about a million dollars.M: Oh, I can hardly read what that one says. Who wrote it?W: The name looks like Harold Dodgson, maybe. Wasn’t he a politician or something? I am going to buy this book and see if I can find a name like that in the library.M: Good luck. Your poetry may make you rich, but I’ll bet my 75-cent mystery is a better buy.

1．

正确答案：6

2．

正确答案：75

3．

正确答案：19th

4．

正确答案：50

5．

正确答案：valuable

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文：W: When a couple runs into marriage problems, where should they turn?M: The primary source of help should be the couple themselves. The last book I wrote, Four Weekends to an Ideal Marriage, describes how people can strengthen communication by setting aside a special time or place to meet and discuss their relationship. If they cannot communicate verbally, they might at least write down a list of things that they feel have gone wrong in the marriage. The idea is to discuss these matters constructively, not to be vicious in the criticism. Some church groups have been very successful with marriage encounter weekends that help couples with this process.W: What if a couple can’t work things out for themselves?M: If people feel so hitter that they cannot even talk with each other, they should consider very seriously a qualified psychologist. And I stress qualified, because there are a lot of unqualified out there who can make things worse. The best approach I believe is to ask your family physician. If you are having some family problems or marriage problems, who would you seek out? In the main, priests, despite good intentions, are not successful in counseling troubled couples, except for those who had special training in the behavioral sciences. If these two approaches do not work, then maybe the only solution is divorce. This is particularly true if one of the parties simply refuses to work toward repairing the marriage, or, having gone through counseling, does not want to implement ideas suggested.W: How useful are the trial separations?M: There is value only if during the course of the separation the parties are actively doing something to come close together and to find solutions to their problems. Merely relying on the old notion that absence will make the heart grow fonder not works.

6． What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple?

正确答案：themselves

解析： 本题考查细节理解。在做这道试题的时候，一定要注意试题里面的关键词汇the primary source of help，当原文中出现这个关键词的时候，一定要集中精力听这句话，如果错过了正确答案，那也一定要固定出答案在文章中的位置。在听第二遍原文的时候不至于忙中出错。

7． Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them ______.

正确答案：constructively

解析： 本题考查细节理解。在做这一道试题的时候，需要听那些和试题最相近的部分或者听题中的主要词汇，只要抓住这些主要词汇，就可以知道这道题在文中的位置。这句话在原文中分两句话表述(1)If they cannot communicate verbally，they might at least write down a list of things that they feel have gone wrong in the marriage，(2)The idea is to discuss these matters constructively…。当我们听到前一句话中有题干中的write down a list of things这些东西的时候，我们就需要注意了，但真正的答案在第二句话中。

8． Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other?

正确答案：a qualified psychologist

解析： 本题考查细节理解。这道题的难点在于拼写要正确，特别是文中的单词psychologist，这是一个音形不一致的词汇，在拼写中很容易犯错误。在以后的练习中，要特别注意这类词汇。

9． Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their ______.

正确答案：good intentions

解析： 本题考查细节理解。要注意听里面的关键词in counseling troubled couples，当听到这个词组的时候，就要特别的注意听这句话了。

10． According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder?

正确答案：absence

解析： 本题考查细节理解。对于这个问题，如果对题干的内容没有理解，那也没关系，主要做的是熟读这句话，读出这句话的发音，抓住这句话中的关键词汇old notion和grow fonder，就等待原句的出现，答案为absence。

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文：M: Holly, is it possible to borrow your notes? I’ll return them tomorrow.W: Sorry, but I usually go to the cafeteria and review them. Say, how about copying them over in the library?M: OK. I think I’ve got enough coins for the machines.W: No problem. But I don’t understand why you need my notes, Carter; you haven’t missed any classes.M: Weekday mornings, I’m a cashier at a coffer shop downtown. After work, I come directly to school!W: Wow, you’re probably exhausted!M: That’s exactly why I want to borrow your notes. I’ve been nodding off

during class, so my notes aren’t very good.W: Well, here’s Professor Labelle. How are you feeling?M: I’m usually awake at the beginning. But after thirty minutes into class, I’m having trouble keeping my eyes open.W: Listen, I need someone to study with, and you need someone to keep you awake; want to be study partners?M: Yeah, I’d sure appreciate it.W: OK, let’s start today at the library. We’re going there anyway, and I don’t have to go to the cafeteria.M: Sounds good. Oh, no, it looks like he’s brought along some more of his slides; elbow me if I start drifting off.W: I’m afraid I won’t be very helpful. His slides make me sleepy too!

11． Why does the man ask the woman for her notes? A．His notes are poor.

B．His vision is getting worse.

C．He has missed a couple of classes.

D．He doesn’t have any money to buy notes.

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查事实细节。女士不明白男士为什么要向自己借笔记，男士说自己总是打完工后直接去上课，所以上课时总打瞌睡，笔记也记得不好。因此选A 。

12． Where does the man work? A．At a library. B．At a copy shop. C．At a laboratory. D．At a coffee shop.

正确答案：D 解析：本题考查事实细节。男土明确说明了工作日上午自己在一家咖啡店里当收银员。

13． What does the woman propose to the man? A．They skip class. B．They get some rest. C．They study together. D．They go to the cafeteria.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查事实细节。女士说自己希望找个人一起学习，而男士需要找个人让他学习时保持清醒，所以建议和男士成为学习上的同伴，共同学习。所以选项C 为正确答案。

听力原文： There have been many great inventions, things that change the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today—the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the

wheel. Then in the early 1800s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life better. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These have all become a big part of our life today. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man, but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.

14． When did people stop exploring a lot? A．In the second half of the 19th century. B．In the 1960s.

C．In the first half of the 20th century. D．In the early 1800s.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查事实细节。文中第二段指出：“…in the early 1800s… people did not have to explore much any more”。

15． Which was an important invention in the 19th century? A．Movies with sound. B．Nylon. C．The radio. D．The computer.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查事实细节。文中第三段指出，相机、电灯和无线电是19世纪的伟大发明。

16． What made people healthier and let them five longer lives in the middle part of the 20th century?

A．Improved living conditions

B．New ways to help people get over diseases. C．Many inventions in industry.

D．Industrialization in developing countries.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查事实细节。文中第四段指出，“…The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help get over diseases…they made people healthier and let them live longer lives”。

听力原文：M: Andrew Jackson, who was President of the United States from 1829 to 1837, was one of the most colorful political figures in American history. He first won national attention during the War of 1812 when, as the commander of about 5.000 backwoods farmers and soldiers, he completely defeated a well-trained British army of 10,000 men at the famous Baffle of New Orleans. There are many anecdotes about Jackson. Among them there is a humorous one: After his wife died, Jackson lived alone and felt very lonely. He also began to worry greatly about his health. Several members of his family had died after suffering paralytic strokes, and Jackson was sure that he was going to die in the same way. He therefore lived in constant fear of having such a stroke. One day at the home of some friends, he was playing chess with a young girl. Suddenly Jackson’s hand dropped to his side and he seemed to become very weak. His face became pale. Several friends rushed to his side. “At last it has come,” said Jackson weakly. “I have had a stroke. My whole right side is paralyzed.” “How do you know?” someone asked. “Because,” Jackson answered, “in the past few minutes I have pinched my right leg several times, and there is absolutely no sensation in it.” “Oh! I beg your pardon, Sir,” said the young woman with whom he had been playing. “But that was my leg you were pinching!”

17． Who was Andrew Jackson?

A．He was the commander of the American Army during the War of 1812. B．He was President of the United States.

C．He was one of the most colorful political figures. D．All of the above.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查细节辨析。短文开头讲述到：“Andrew Jackson，who was President of the United States from 1829 to 1837，was one of the most colorful political figures in American history．He first won national attention during the war of 1812 when，as the commander of about 5000 backwoods farmers and soldiers…”从这句话可以看出选项A ，B ，C 中的内容都是正确的，故选择选项D 。

18． What did Jackson worry about greatly after his wife died? A．The American Revolution. B．His health. C．His family. D．His soldiers.

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查细节辨析。短文提到：“After his wife died，Jackson lived alone and felt lonely．He also began to worry greatly about his health．”由此句话我们可以获悉，他担心的是健康。

19． What was Jackson doing one day at the home of some friends?

A．Playing chess.

B．Discussing some political issues. C．Attending a party. D．Writing some letters.

正确答案：A 解析：本题考查细节辨析。文中讲：“One day at home of some friends， he was playing chess with a young girl．”所以，选项A 是正确的。

20． Why couldn’t he feel anything in his right leg? A．Because his right side was paralyzed.

B．Because he pinched his right leg and there was no sensation in it. C．Because what he pinched was the girl’s leg, not his own. D．Because he had a sudden stroke.

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查细节辨析。在短文最后，那个年轻的女孩说：“But that was my leg you were pinching!(你戳的是我的腿。)”所以选项C 符合。

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

The population of the United States is only 6% of the world’s population, but Americans 【21】______ one third of all the energy 【22】______ in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly 【23】______ the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to 【24】______ energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to 【25】______ plan for our future energy use. We have 【26】______ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very 【27】______ of energy in the past. They were not 【28】______ very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a 【29】______ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more 【30】______ . 【31】______ , in transportation 【32】______ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course you have a very good public transportation system. And it is a (n) 【33】______ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more 【34】______ . The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our 【35】______ more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could 【36】______ our energy consumption by 【37】______ half or two thirds and still have the 【38】______ quality of life. And many different types of technologies are

currently being researched as to 【39】______ they can be built to use 【40】______ energy and still supply the same service.

21． 【21】 A．conserve B．consume C．produce D．supply

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查词汇辨析。conserve“保存”；consume“消费，消耗”；produce“生产”；supply“提供，供给”。结合下一句中的“use”可以判断本句意为：“美国人消耗了世界能源储备的三分之一”。B 项符合题意。

22． 【22】 A．preserves B．sources C．deserves D．reserves

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查词汇辨析。四个选项中，preserve用作复数时，表示“经加工储存的果脯”；source“根源”；deserve“应该得到”；reserve“储备，储量”。

23． 【23】 A．owing to B．resulting in C．in spite of D．in the cause of

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文连接。前半句和后半句的关系是因果关系，这句话的意思是：因为石油供应不足，所以能源价格飞速上涨。四个选项中，只有owing to表示因果关系，符合题意。其他三个选项的意思分别是resulting in“产生某种作用或结果”；in spite of“不管，不顾”；in the cause of“就……来说”。

24． 【24】 A．consume B．conserve C．exhaust D．retain

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查词汇辨析。由于上一句讲能源价格上涨，所以美国人应该明白节约能源的重要性。题目中四个选项的意思分别是：consume“消耗，花费，耗尽”；conserve“保藏，保护，保存”；但这里和energy搭配，意思要发生变化，conserve energy的意思是“节约能源”，例如现在提倡建立节约型社会，正确的表达方式是：establish an Energy Conservation Community；exhaust“用完，耗尽”；retain“保留，保持”。结合上下文，选项B 是最佳答案。

25． 【25】 A．generate B．help C．conceive D．originate

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查词汇辨析。本题目考查的关键是判断plan的词性。 plan在这里如果是名词，前面应该有冠词a或the，根据这一点可以得知，Plan此处是动词。可以排除选项generate“产生，生成”；conceive“想出(主意、计划等)，构思”；originate“发源，来自，产生”，因为以上三项后面接带to的不定式，而help后接不定式时，to可以省略掉。所以B 是正确答案。

26． 【26】 A．staged B．composed C．developed D．devised

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查词汇辨析。四个选项的意思分别是：stage“举办，谋划”；compose“组成，构成，创作”；develop“制定，形成”；devise“设计”。上文提到，在过去的5年内已经成立了加州能源委员会，计划将来的能源使用。本句的意思是：在加州，我们已经制定了法律，促使我们节约能源，因此，结合上下文，选项C 符合题意。

27． 【27】 A．frugal

B．economical C．wasteful D．saving

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查上下文理解。fugal“节俭的”；economical“节省的”； wasteful“浪费的”。本句话的意思是“首先，加州的房屋在过去是很浪费能源的。”

28． 【28】

A．insulated B．insulted C．resulted D．separated

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文理解。从上一个题目，我们知道本文谈论的是房屋隔热问题。insulate“使隔热，使绝缘；隔离，使孤立”；insult“使…受侮辱”；separate“分开(一段距离)”。只有选项insulate与heat相关，是正确答案。

29． 【29】 A．largest B．smallest C．maximum D．minimum

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文理解。因为房屋的绝缘隔热设备不是很完善，造成了能源的浪费。所以法律对各家安装隔热设备的隔热功能应该是按最大限度提出要求。正确答案是maximum。

30． 【30】 A．effective B．sufficient C．efficient D．deficient

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查词汇辨析。effective“有效果的，能起作用的”； sufficient“充分的，足够的”；efficient“效率高的”；deficient“不充足的”。本句意思为“现在的房屋节能效率更高了”。选项C 是正确答案。

31． 【31】 A．However B．Also

C．Therefore D．For example

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文连接。从上下文可以看出，上一段是从房屋隔热方面谈论节约能源问题，而下一段同样是谈论能源节约问题，只是从交通方面谈论而已。和上一段比较，角度改变了，可问题还是一样的。

32． 【32】

A．why B．where C．who D．which

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查语法。考点是定语从句。where在定语从句中修饰先行词transportation。

33． 【33】 A．example

B．responsibility C．opportunity D．obligation

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文理解。前面一句话说，中国有发达的公交系统，在节约能源方面，对美国人来说，这是一个很好的例子。四个选项的意思分别是example“例子”；responsibility“责任”；opportunity“机会”；obligation“义务”。结合文章意思判断an example是合适的选项。

34． 【34】 A．fashionable B．luxurious C．efficient D．effective

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文理解。从上一句可以看出，要节约能量就要发展公交设施。接着下面提到发展汽车。从下一句“the smaller automobile with efficient engine…”可看出要发展一种小型高效的汽车。由此可以判断，本题的正确答案是efficient。其他3个选项意思为fashionable“流行的，时髦的”；luxurious“奢华的，豪华的”；effective“有效果的，起作用的”。

35． 【35】 A．transportation B．travel C．energy D．automobile

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文理解。从上一句话中可得出：要节约能量，除了发展公共交通事业，还要发展一种小型高效汽车。这种车有高效的发动机，能储存大量能量，使得我们的旅行更顺利。由此可推断出本题的正确答案是B 。

36． 【36】 A．condense B．reduce C．crush D．swell

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查词汇辨析。本文的主题是要高效地利用能量，在减少能量消耗的情况下仍有同样的生活质量。四个选项的意思分别是： condense“凝结，浓缩”；reduce“减少”；crush“压碎，碾碎”；swell“膨胀，(数量上)增加”。从上下文判断，reduce符合题意。

37． 【37】 A．at least B．at most C．at full D．at length

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查逻辑推理。从全文的语气判断得出：节约能量的研究还不是很成熟，结果还不确定。所以这里用at least。其他两个选项意思分别为：at full“在最高点”；at length“最后，详细地”。

38． 【38】 A．bottom B．same C．mean D．adequate

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文理解。此句的意思是：在节约了大量能源的情况下，而生活质量不变。四个选项的意思分别为：bottom quality“劣等质量”；same quality“同样的质量”；mean quality“中等质量”；adequate quality“优等质量”。从本句话中的still可判断出正确选项是B.

39． 【39】 A．where B．why C．when D．how

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查上下文连接。as to意思是“关于…．”，本句话的意思是“关

于如何使用少的能源而又提供同样服务的许多不同类型的技术现在正处于研究中”，从上下文及意思上判断，how是正确答案。

40． 【40】 A．less

B．sufficient C．adequate D．lacking

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文理解。本段的意思是利用科技方法尽量节约能源，同时又能达到原来的效果，这也是本文的主题之一。四个选项意思分别是：adequate“足够的”；sufficient“充分的，足够的”；less“较少的”；lacking“(数量)不足的，缺乏的”。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Of the estimated 10,000 and 20,000 words that make up the average American’s vocabulary, slang constitutes about 10 percent, according to the authors of the Dictionary of American Slang. Although slang words represent a rather small segment of our English language, they are often the liveliest, most innovative and most colorful words we use. There is something sensual and tactile about many slang words, which borrow heavily from the vocabularies associated with food. Hands are called meat hooks; loved ones are called honey, sweet pie or sugar; someone whose intellect is suspect is a fruitcake, cabbage head or just plain nuts. “The primary function of slang is to adorn your speech, to be lively, witty and new. Newness is the essence of slang,” says David Pharies, professor of linguistics at the University of Florida. One of the main purpose of using slang is to solidify one’s identification with a group. Slang is most prevalent among the young and among such groups as blacks, teenagers, drug users, criminals, carnival workers, hobos and the uneducated. Often, slang is used as a code language to fortify the group and to exclude outsiders. Some criminal slang, called cant, is so highly developed that pickpockets, for example, can carry on a conversation in front of a victim without the person’s realizing that they are discussing which pocket to pick. Americans, in general, use more slang than other nationalities because of our diversity, emphasis on free speech, immigrant heritage and lack of a formal, national language academy. The mobility of American bas further spread regional expressions that have become general slang.

41． According to the passage, most of the slang words

A．have little to do with the words of food.

B．make up the average American’s vocabulary. C．are in themselves related to the sense of touch.

D．represent 10 percent of the Dictionary of American Slang.

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查细节理解。文章第二段第一句“There is something sensual and tactile about many slang words，which borrow heavily from the vocabularies associated with food(许多俚语都与人的感觉和触觉相关，大量借用了与食物有关的词汇)”。由此可以排除选项A ，并确定选项C 为正确答案。根据文章第一段第一句“Of the estimated 10,000 and 20,000 words that make up the average American’s vocabulary，slang constitutes about 10 percent(美语一般性词汇估计有10,000到20,000，其中，俚语约占百分之十)”，可以排除选项B 和D 。

42． Which of the following can best describe the essence of slang? A．Vivid. B．Creative. C．Original. D．Colorful.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节理解。文章第三段第二句“Newness is the essence of slang(俚语的本质是新颖)”。选项A 、B 、D 均不对，选项C original“新颖的”为正确答案。

43． The author defines slang as “a code language” by A．explaining how it is formed. B．stating its functions.

C．comparing some slang words with codes. D．giving some relevant examples.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查细节理解。文章第三段第四句“Often，slang is used as a code language to fortify the group and to exclude outsiders(俚语经常被用作秘密语言来团结朋友并排除异己)”。之后，作者拿cant“犯罪分子所讲的黑话”为例说明这一点。所以选项D 为正确答案。

44． From the prevalence of using slang among the young and uneducated people, we can infer that

A．slang is the language only used by blacks and criminals. B．slang is somewhat considered as a class distinction. C．slang shows the generation gap.

D．slang is a kind of language in bad sense.

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查推理判断。文章第三段第三句“Slang is most prevalent among the young and among such groups as blacks，teen-agers，drug users， criminals，carnival workers，hobos and the uneducated(俚语在黑人、青少年、吸毒者、罪犯、狂欢节工作人员、流浪汉、没有受过教育的人中最流行)”。所以，可以排除选项A 。选项C 中的代沟问题，文章没有提及；选项D 与文章第一段最后一句话“slangs are often the liveliest，most innovative and most colorful words we use(俚语是我们所使用的最生动、最有创新意义和最丰富多彩的语言)”含义不符，也被排除。故B 为正确答案。

45． Americans in particular use so much slang because of all of the following except

A．Americans are multi-nationalities.

B．Americans are very traditional and heritage-oriented. C．Americans are informal in speech. D．Americans are of immigrant heritage.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查细节理解。文章最后一段第一句“Americans，in general，use more slang than other nationalities because of our diversity， emphasis on free speech，immigrant heritage and lack of a formal，national language academy(由于美国是多民族国家，注重言论自由和移民传统，缺乏规范的、全国性的语盲体系，美国要比其它的国家使用更多的俚语)”，选项A 、C 和D 均被提到。只有选项B 没有提及，所以正确答案为B 。

Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being restructured from an industrial to an information society. Second, modem societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes, including Daniel Bell’s “postindustrial society,” Alvin Toffler’s “the third wave” and John Naisbitt’s “megatrends”. Common to these metaphors is the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will afford a great variety of choices. The world will increasingly be one of many flavors, not just vanilla or chocolate. Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy. For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model, one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age, and it reached its apex with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, which replicated the energy producing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials, they

tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes “miniaturize” size, energy, and materials by “exploding” information. The human brain is some ten times the size, and weight of the brain of a monkey, but it handles a billion times more information. As a result, high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive. Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in assessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change.

46． It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of A．the instrument of production. B．the size of the society. C．the social structure. D．the economic market.

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查推理判断。第一段指出，美国社会正在发生两方面的变化：其一，它正在由一个工业社会向信息社会转变；其二，区域经济模式正在向全球化经济模式转变。未来学家们用了许多词来描述这种转变：“后工业社会”、“第三次浪潮”、“大趋势”等。这些描述无非是想说明：美国社会正在由产品的生产向第三产业的生产转化，由基于人与机器协作的社会向以知识产业为中心的社会发展。可见，在这两大转变的底层(underlying the two changes)是生产方式的转变。因此，选项 A 为正确答案。

47． With what does the mechanical age reach its highest point? A．The steam engine.

B．Nuclear power production. C．The combustion process.

D．The energy producing process of the sun.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“The steam engine opened the mechanical age，and it reached its apex with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion(机械时代开始于蒸汽机的发明，至核聚裂变的发现达到其顶峰)”，选项A 因此被排除。依据第二段二句，“300年来，技术一直围绕着基于燃烧过程的一个机械方面的模式发展”，可见，选项C 与题干没有关系，也被排除。选项D 文章没有提及。因此，选项B 为正确答案。

48． With the coming of the information age, the society is becoming A．more intolerable. B．larger.

C．more varied.

D．a pleasanter place.

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查细节理解。这个细节在第一段的最后两句“These changes，…，will afford a great variety of choices．The world will increasingly be one of many flavors，not just vanilla or chocolate(这些变化将带来一系列选择机会，这个世界将逐渐变成一个多“风味”的世界，而不仅仅是香草或巧克力味)”。通过形象的比喻，作者指出：“这些变化为个人和社会提供了多种多样的机会”。因此，选项C 为正确答案。

49． The underlined word “miniaturize” (Par. 2) most probably means A．enlarge. B．diminish. C．manipulate. D．intensify.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查辨认词义或短语。根据“miniaturize”所在的上文“Although biological processes need physical energy and materials，they tend to substitute information for both(生物过程虽然也需要实际有形的能源与材料，但它倾向于用信息来代替二者)”，可以猜出“miniaturize”所在句子的含义，即，“在生物过程取代有形能源与材料的趋势下，生物过程利用“爆炸”信息的方法缩小体积、能源及材料”。选项B “降低”符合题义。

50． What characterizes the information society? A．The amount of knowledge to be learned. B．Physical energy and materials. C．Rapid change and its social effects. D．Small size and high capacity.

正确答案：D 解析：本题考查推理判断。第二段后半部分提到：“We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials．Although biological processes need physical energy and materials，they tend to substitute information for both(社会似乎正在向基于信息的生物学模式转变，这一模式还涉及到材料的集中利用。生物过程虽然也需要实际有形的能源与材料，但它倾向于用信息来代替二者)”。选项B 因此被排除。后面的句子“Biological processes“miniaturize”size，energy，and materials by“exploding” information．…As a result，high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive(生物过程利用“爆炸”信息的方法缩小体积、能源及材料。(注：信息爆炸和材料是工业化后社会的两个典型特征。)……所以，高技术工业的典型特征是信息的高度利用，而不是能源与材料的高度利用)”，正确答案为D 。选项A 、 C 文章都没有提及。

The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today’s

prosperous societies the distinction has become obscure because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want. In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) may be a specialty good in the United States. People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way. Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different, Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and

fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all. Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about. Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer’s attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping.

51． A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if A．it is used at home to do paper work. B．it is used by a writer to type a novel. C．it becomes the only means to an end. D．a writer does not want to use it.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节理解。第一段指出：“对满足需要(need)和需求(want)的产品的传统区分已不足于涵盖各种类别的产品。在今天这个繁荣的社会里，由于

许多需求转化为需要，二者失去了明显的界线。例如：作家用纸和笔写作，纸和笔这时对他来说是合理的需要，但是，同样的工作可以用计算机更快、更有效地完成，这样，对这位作家来说，计算机已不再是一种需求，而成了一种需要”。由此可见，这里所说的需要代表完成某一事情所必需的手段，而不是可有可无的手段。所以选项C 为正确答案。

52． Staples (in the third paragraph) are commodities A．that people are in constant need of. B．that people do not really want. C．that people want but don’t need. D．that are convenient to purchase.

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查细节理解。第三段指出：“人们每天，也可能每周都会购买像食品、报纸、牙膏、剃须刀片、阿司匹林、糖果等便利商品，人们经常购买的商品被称作staples(重要商品、常用品)”，可见，选项A 为正确答案。

53． In the third paragraph, the phrase “on impulse” is closest in meaning to A．impatiently. B．With a start. C．recklessly.

D．under no consideration.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查词义理解。on impulse出现在文章第三段第四句“sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse：someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day”中，仔细阅读此句，会发现，on impulse的意思在本句后面已经用同义词给出解释，即： sudden desire for…。四个选项的意思分别是impatiently“不耐心地”； with a start“吃惊地”；recklessly“鲁莽地，不顾一切地”；under no consideration“不加思索地，冲动地”，由此可见，选项D 为正确答案。

54． Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those A．that satisfy similar needs of the consumer. B．that consumers don’t care where to buy them. C．that consumers spend much time to look for. D．that can be found in nearly every shop.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查推断理解。第五段指出：“选购商品(shopping goods)分作两类：可以看作基本相同的商品和视作不同的商品，前者如：家用器具(home appliances)，电视机、汽车；购买这类商品时，消费者一旦选定式样，主要关心的是如何以最便宜的价格买到手”。可见，消费者并不在乎到什么地方去买，只要能买到便宜的即可。故选项 B 最符合原文含义。

55． Unsought goods A．have to be new.

B．have to be standardized. C．have to be promoted.

D．have to be sent to consumers’ homes.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节理解。文章最后一段第—句“Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about．Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer’s attention(不需要的商品是消费者不一定需求和需要的或根本不感兴趣的物品，要让消费者注意这些物品，必须进行推销或做广告)”。所以选项C 为正确答案。

In a few weeks, nigh school students face the prospect of taking the much-publicized new SAT Reasoning Test, which for the first time will require them to write a timed essay. Yet colleges continue to send confusing signals about whether students applying in the fall to attend college must take the new exam. Some schools, including Harvard, say they will accept scores from either the new test or the old SAT, which was administered for the last time in January and did not contain a writing section. The University of Central Florida, for example, will require the new test, which will be given for the first time on March 12. Still others, such as the University of Virginia, strongly recommend that prospective applicants take the new test but under some circumstances also will accept the old SAT. A number of colleges are delaying a decision. The College Board, which administers the SAT, surveyed more than 1,900 four-year schools and has heard back from slightly more than 500. Of those, 81% say they will require the new test, including schools such as Harvard that are giving students a choice in what will be a year of transition. “Anything new goes through a special lens of evaluation,” says Lee Stetson, admissions dean at the University of Pennsylvania, which judiciously will use results from the new writing section until officials have a chance to study the revised SAT’s predictive validity. A number of admissions deans are skeptical that the new exam will be an improvement. Charles Deacon, dean of undergraduate admissions at Georgetown University, says adding the essay “will create more barriers to poor kids who are less well-prepared”. The test was rushed to market because the University of California system, a major College Board customer, threatened to stop requiting the SAT, he says. The test “was developed and marketed for all the wrong reasons”. Deacon, who says he has been “badgered” by the College Board to endorse the new exam, has refused to do so. Some schools, including Georgetown, Iowa’s Grinnell College and Pennsylvania’s Franklin and Marshall College, say that at least for now, they will not even look at scores from the writing section when making admission decisions. “We have adopted a wait-and-see attitude,” says Dennis Trotter of Franklin and Marshall. College Board officials counter that based on extensive field tests, they are confident the test is as reliable a predictor of freshman-year performance as the old SAT.

Moreover, they say, well-trained scorers, many of them, high school English teachers, will grade the essays, which students have 25 minutes to write. Amidst all the confusion, what should students do? Admissions deans and school counselors say to be sure to check with each college for requirements.

56． If a student took the old SAT in January, he has to take another test if he applies for

A．University of Virginia. B．Georgetown University.

C．The University of Central Florida. D．Harvard University.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节理解。本题的问题是：“如果一位学生已于一月参加了老的SAT考试，他申请哪所学校时还必须再次参加考试”。这个问题实际上是问哪所学校只接受新的SAT测试的成绩。根据原文可以看出，这个问题出现在列举不同学校反应的第二段，选项中的四所学校，只有the University of Central Florida要求新SAT考试成绩。所以答案应为C 。

57． What does the article tell us about Harvard University? A．It will only accept the new SAT this fall.

B．It has not made a decision on whether to accept the old SAT this fall. C．It will require scores from the writing section this fall. D．It will ask all applicants to take the new test a year later.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查细节理解。本题就哈佛大学招生的情况提出问题。这里定位到文章第二段的开始与末尾，两处均提到了哈佛大学。段首说其对于新老测试成绩均接受。从这里可看出A 、B 、C 均不正确。段末说将给学生一年的过渡期。从这里可看出D 是正确答案。

58． An important reason for negative attitudes towards the new writing examination is that

A．the examination will add to the difficulty for those students from financially underprivileged families.

B．the examination was marketed much too quickly without careful consideration.

C．the examination will cause short-term confusion and lead to no long-term benefits.

D．the examination was a product of the College Board and various universities.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查细节理解。从原文中看出，只有第四段说的是反对写作测试

的原因。文章提到两个关键的因素，一方面，将会给准备不够充分的差生带来更多障碍，另一方面，大学委员会为迎合重要客户的需求，将此项考试匆忙推向市场。我们来看选项，如果将poor理解错，很可能错选A ；C 项的后半部分不可能是正确的，因为该项测试的预测效度还未出来，虽然不能说一定是好的结果，但像该选项这样说太过武断。D 项说该测试是大学委员会与几种大学共同的产品，这是不对的。大学委员会是测试的研发和推广者，各所大学都是潜在的用户。该题的正确答案是B ，文中的关键词是“rash”，意思正好是“do something in a hurry，often too quickly and without much care”。

59． According to the author, what should students do at the moment? A．Students should make clear which test is acceptable.

B．Students should contact the university for the arrangement of the test.

C．Students should ask the College Board for the latest information about the program.

D．Students should get prepared for the new examination in less than a year.

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查细节理解。此题意思是：“目前学生该怎么做”。文章的末段提到：“学生务必核实每所学校的入学要求”，答案应选A 。选项B 是不对的，因为大学并不负责举办SAT考试。同样，选项 C 更不对了。大学委员会是考试的设计者，今年秋天各大学要不要求新的测试成绩是各大学自己的事情。选项D 显然不是我们当前关心的问题。

60． What can we infer from the passage about the test?

A．Students who have taken the old test are strongly advised not to take the new test.

B．As compared with the old test, the new one requires the student to write an essay in a shorter period of time.

C．The College Board has decided to invite university teachers to grade the essays.

D．The College Board has appealed to many universities to support the new examination.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查推理断判。此问题意思为：“我们可从文章中推知关于该项测试的什么信息”。这是推断题，需要一项一项细看。从第二段看，选项A 是不对的，因为不同的学校在录取新生时对考生参加的考试有不同的要求，并不能看出选项A 所表达的“强烈建议”。选项B 也不对，因为旧的测试根本就没有写作部分，这从第一段第一句可以看出来。选项C 与文章第六段不符，文中说大部分阅卷员是中学老师。选项D 是正确的。首先在第四段中间可以看出像加州大学这样的大客户对大学委员会的影响有多大。其次可以在第四段末看出，大学委员会一直缠着一位入学处主任，要求其同意使用该考试。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the

underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. 61) Their distrust was caused, in part, by a notional ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest Occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the notional landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. 62) These new urban population, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city. One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who would afford them, some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. 63) Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaden, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. ) City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. 65) Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

61．

正确答案：他们的怀疑部分地源于一种意识观念，这种观念宣称农业是最伟大的职业，而且乡村生活比城市生活更好。

解析： 在本句中，in part的意思是“部分地”，a notion ideology意思是“意识观念”，superior to意思是“比…好”。that引导的是同位语从句修饰a notion ideology，但翻译时最好主句和从句分开翻译，以免句子过长；从句的谓语动词proclaim后面带有两个并列的复合宾语：the greatest occupation和rural living superior to urban living。

62．

正确答案：因为已经深信城市已被一些重大问题所困扰，因而这些新的城市人口热烈拥护那些许诺为混乱的城市带来秩序的进步改革。

解析： 在本句中，embrace意思是“拥护”，to bring order out of the chaos of the city意思是“给混乱的城市带来秩序”。过去分词短语 already convinced that…作状语，表示原因，它可以位于主谓之间，并用逗号分开。

63．

正确答案：改革的支持者们认为公有和管制能保证这些设施被广泛使用，并保证其价格合理。

解析： 在本句中，widespread access to these utilities意思是“广泛使用这些设施，或这些设施被广泛使用”。

．

正确答案：城市规划并不是什么新鲜事，但是20世纪工业化和城市化的迅速进行却根本没有考虑秩序问题。

解析： 在本句中，take place意思是“发生，进行”。

65．

正确答案：其他大多数城市满足于控制未来发展的区域计划：城镇的特定部分限于居住用途，而其他地区留做工业或商业开发。

解析： 在本句中，content oneself with sth意思是“满足于…”，连词 while引导的状语从句，表示对照关系。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． Some people think that governments should spend as much money as possible in developing or buying computer technology. Other people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Write a composition based on the following outline: (1) State your opinion. (2) Explain why. (3) Conclusion. You should write 160 - 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案： The government must make some decisions about how best to spend the funds available. Some people think that it should be spent on computer technology, whereas others would like to see it go toward more basic needs. I agree with the first group for the following, reasons. The most important reason is that we now live in a very competitive world which depends on technology to produce goods efficiently. In order to keep up with others, our country must be able to keep

pace technologically. If we do not, we will soon fall behind, and then the economy will suffer and so will society as a whole. Another reason is that communication and trade are conducted on a global scale now, and this also requires up-to-date computer technology. Last but not least, investing in computer technology will allow our country to provide students with a better education and workers with more employment. In short, the benefits of investing in computer technology are well worth the cost involved. With up-to-date technology, our country can better educate its students, produce goods more efficiently, and compete more effectively with other countries. In this way, we will be able to provide a better life for everyone.