小升初英语总复习

一、一般现在时

一般现在时基本用法介绍

【No. 1】一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 【No. 2】一般现在时的构成

1. be动词：主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。

如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。

如：We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加\"-s\"或\"-es\"。

如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, 3．以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 【No. 3】一般现在时的变化

1. be 动词的变化 : be动词随主语变化而变化

肯定句: 主语+ be +其它。

如：She is an excellent doctor. 她是一个优秀的医生。

They are excellent doctors.

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 实意动词的变化。

否定句：主语 + don't (doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。

如：I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。

如：He doesn't often play.

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：How does your father go to work? 一般现在时练习题:

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____

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go-goes come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy ______ (be) in Class One. 3. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they _______ (like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______ (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______ (teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________ (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________ (be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______ (like) cooking.

12. They _______ (have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______ (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______ (be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She _______ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______ (do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______ (watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang ______ (have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _____ (be) it today? －It’s Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)

__________________________ _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) __________________________________________________ _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)

_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

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二、现在进行时

1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为主语+be+动词ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时练习题：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy _________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls ______ __ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _____ _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you _____ ( do ) now?

5. Look! They __________ ____ ( have) an English lesson . 6. They ____________ (not, water) the flowers now. 7. Look! The girls _______ _ (dance ) in the classroom . 8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _ (listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We ________ ____ (have)supper now 10.______Helen__ _(wash )clothes? Yes, she is. 三、句型转换：

1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)

_________________________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)

三、一般将来时

1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。

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2、基本结构：①be going to + do； ②will+ do.

3、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.

→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

4、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一人称换成第二人称。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.

→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

5、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who

例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon？ 2. 问干什么。What … do.？

例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.

→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？

3. 问什么时候。When.

例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

6、同义句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.

= I will go swimming tomorrow. 一般将来时练习题：

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 按要求改句子

5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.？

9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(对划线部分提问) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow？

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四. 一般过去时态

表示过去已经发生的事情,通常与“last week, just now, yesterday”等词连用。 (1) be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were

I/He/she/It was (not)…. You/we/they were…. (2) 过去式基本结构

肯定句(Positive) 主语+动词过去式+其他 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative) 主语+didn’t +动词原形 I didn’t go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did +主语+动词原形„? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did„+ 动词原形„? What did you do last night? (3) 动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化： 一般动词 +ed planted, watered, climbed 以不发音的e结尾 +d liked 辅音字母加y结尾 改y为 i加ed study-studied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词，末尾双写最后一个辅stop-stopped；plan- planned 只有一个元音字母和音字母 +ed 一个辅音字母 不规则动词的变化： 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 sweep swept teach Taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink Drank is/am was take took read read give Gave are were mean meant put put sing Sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin Began speak spoke make made let let ring Rang write wrote see saw fly flew run Ran ride rode come came draw drew sit Sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew

一般过去时练习题

写出下列动词的过去式

is\\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now.

2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago.

4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________two apples on the plate yesterday.

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7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 9. I ______ an English teacher now.

10. They _______ glad to see each other last month.

11. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.

二、用括号内实意动词的适当形式填空

12. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 13. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 14. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.

15. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 16. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

17. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 18. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 19. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party. 20. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

21. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 22. We _________ to zoo yesterday. (go)

23. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 24. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 25. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 26. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ____.

27. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

28. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 29. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

30. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

三、 句型转换 1. It was exciting.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. The students were very excited.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. There was a car in front of the house just now.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 4. Su Hai took some photos at the park.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

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5. Nancy went to school early.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 6. They played football in the playground.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

五、名词 一、定义

名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。 名词变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化： 一. 规则变化

1) 一般情况在词尾加 -s

清辅音后读/s/ map-maps book-books 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags car-cars

2) 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的，加 –es， bus-buses watch-watches

3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y 为i再加es， family---families baby---babies

注意：以y结尾的专有名词变复数时，直接加s two Marys the Henrys

4) 以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加 –s , boy-boys toy-toys key-keys holiday-holidays

5）以辅音字母加 o 结尾的名词变复数有两种形式： 1. 无生命的物体后加s

如： photo---photos piano---pianos

2. 有生命的物体后加es

如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes hero---heros Negro---Negros 这五个词速记口诀：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆

6）以元音字母加 o 结尾的名词变复数时直接加-s

如：radio---radios zoo---zoos bamboo---bamboos

7） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 1. 改f, fe 为v 再加es，

如：wife---wives knife---knives wolf---wolves thief---thieves shelf---shelves half---halves leaf---leaves self---selves life---lives

连成口诀就是：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

2. 直接加s，如：gulf---gulfs roof---roofs chief---chiefs surf---surfs

belief---beliefs proof---proofs handkerchief—handkerchiefs； 连成口诀就是：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们没信仰，证据就在手帕上。 二、不规则变化 1）变man 为men

如：man---men woman---women policeman---policemen fireman---firemen 2) 改oo 为ee 如：foot---feet tooth---teeth goose---geese

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3) 在词尾加-ren 如：child---children 4) 其他特殊变化 如：mouse---mice

5）单复数同形 如 ：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese等。除了人民币的元、角、分外，

美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 6）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

例如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，

不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle。 7) 以s结尾的学科名词，是不可数名词，视为单数。 如：

如：maths， politics（政治）， physics（物理）

8）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜，trousers, clothes , scissors等，应该看作可数名词，

作主语时，谓语动词用复数。若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; 如：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 9) 不同国籍人的单复数

国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 国家人变复数的速记口诀：“中、日、瑞”友好是一致，英法联盟a变e，其他一律加-s

名词练习题：

请写出下列词的复数形式。

city zoo country tooth mouse boy______ ___ broom ___________car tree _____horse ______ bus_____________ fox _____ branch ___ baby ____family ____ dish ___ radio _ ___ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _ ____ thief _____ _man _____ woman _____ child ___ foot this ___________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________

dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________

strawberry___________ peach_________ sandwich_________ paper_________

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juice__________ water___________ milk___________ rice__________ people CD deer____________ fish___________

六、形容词和副词的比较级 一、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 2．形容词加er的规则： ⑴一般在词尾加er ； ⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；

⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； ⑷以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，先改y为i，再加er 。 3．不规则形容词比较级：

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 二、副词的比较级

1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther/further) 形容词副词练习题

一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级

old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________ late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：

1. My brother is two years __________(old) than me. 2. Tom is as _______ (fat) as Jim.

3. Is your sister _________ (young) than you? Yes, she is. 4. Who is _________ (thin), you or Helen? Helen is.

5. Whose pencil-box is _______ (big), yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as _________ (long) as Lucy’s.

7. Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9. Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11. Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12. Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?

13. _____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys? No, they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).

15. The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三、翻译句子：

1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。

________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are

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2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.

________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。

_________ pencil is _________,______or________？____ ____is, I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。

_________ ________as _________as your uncle? Yes, I am. 6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。

He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。

________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8.多做运动，你会更强壮。

________ more exercise, you’ll ________ _________ soon. 9.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。

I ______ ________ at Science. But I don’t _________ well in Chinese. 10. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。

____ you _______the kite _____ than Wang Bing? No, I______ it _______than ____. 11.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。

I like_______. All my______ _______ _______than me. 12.我的姐姐起得比我早。

My_____ _____ up _____than me. 13.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。

____ the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes, they ____. 14.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。

She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____. 15.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。

___ you ____football _____than your classmates? No, they ____ as ____ as me. 16．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。

My_____ _____ ______ than my ______. 17.她的毛衣和我的一样重。

_____ sweater_____ as _______ as_____.

18.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。

My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____ a____ __one. 19. I'm taller than Mike . (改成用原级的比较) I'm as ________ as Mike .

七、 冠 词 一、定义

冠词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。 二、分类

共3类：定冠词（a; an），不定冠词（the）、零冠词（指不用冠词的情况）。 三、用法

1、不定冠词的用法

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a 、an与数词one 同源，是\"一个\"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。 (1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。

I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书

I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事。

(2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。 A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。

(3) 不定冠词用在事物的\"单位\"前,如：时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 \"每一\"。 We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 I went to the library once a week at least.

(4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 (5)在序数词前表示\"又一;再一\"时。如:

I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说 。 (6) 表示不特定的\"某一个\"时。如:

A Mr. Smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你 。 (7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义，与不可数名词连用，如： have a good time 过得高兴 (8) 一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:

-Mum, what shall we have for lunch? -Jiaozi.

-Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much. (9) 在形容词最高级前表示\"非常\"时。如:

Lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one. (10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

2. 定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this, that, these, those同源，有\"那（这）个\" \"这（那）些\"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形: (1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前： Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前： He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前：

the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth (4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如： The fox is cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。

(5)与某些形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the poor 穷人。 (6)用在序数词、形容词最高级以及only， very， same等前面： ---Where do you live?

---I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 That's the very thing that I need. 那正是我需要的东西。 (7)在表示\"...世纪...年代\"的结构之前

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He began to learn Russian in the 1950s. 他在20世纪50年代开始学俄语 。 但注意:in one's 50s意为\"在某人五十多岁时\"。如: He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s. (8)在比较级的两种句型中:

①表示\"越 ......,就越......\"时。

如: The lighter, the better. 越轻越好 。 ② 表示\"两者中比较......\"时,用定冠词。

如: There are two books on the table. I like the thicker one.

(9) 用在\"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称\"的结构中(注意:介词常用in/on/by)。

如: The ball hit me on the back. 球打中了我的头 。

(10) 在表示\"计量单位\"的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如:

The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. 按月付给工人工资 .

(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：the great wall(长城)，the people's park(人民公园)等。 the people's republic of china 中华人民共和国 the united states 美国 (12)用在表示乐器的名词前 She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴.

The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。 (13)定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。 They are going to the cinema tonight.

他们今晚要去影院看电影。 (14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

(15)在方位名词之前，如：in the west on the west

(16)在某些短语中 in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

3、零冠词

(1) 在物质名词前，如：

water is very important . 水是非常重要的。 (2) 在抽象名词前，如：

failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 (3) 复数名词表示人或物的种类时，如： Doctors cure patients. 医生治病救人 .

Those people are teachers, not students. 这些人是老师, 不是学生. (4) 在\"by + 交通工具\"的短语里，如：

Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行 ?

(5) 在国名，人名和地名前通常不用定冠词， 如 ：England，Mary；

(6)在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 (7)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to general lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

(8)在三餐、棋类运动、球类运动的名称前，不加冠词 。 如：have breakfast， play chess， play basketball

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(9) 在某些固定词组中，是否有冠词，意义不同。如：

in hospital住院， in the hospital在医院里, in bed在卧床， in the bed在床上 in front of在......（外）前面， in the front of 在......（内）前部

go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的。

冠词练习题

一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填―/‖。

1) at ____home 2) go to___ bed 3)go to ___school 4) catch bad cold 5) have __good time 6) __ red apple 7)___ English book 8) ___ spoon 9)_____ orange 10) ______melon 11) _______ eraser 12） honest man 13) ____ Asian country 14) ____ European country

二、选择填空

1. There is _____ ―m‖ in the word ―primary‖. A. an B. a C. the D. / 2. This is ____ orange bike.

A. a B. an C. the D/

3. It always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper. A. a, a B, a ,the C. an , a D. an , the 4. English is ____ useful language in ____ world. A. an , the B. a , the C. the , / D. / , the 5. We are going to _____ cinema this evening. A. the B./ C/a D. an

6. He’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river.

A. a , a B. the , the C. the , a D. a , the 7._____ potato is a vegetable, not ____ fruit.

A. The , an B. The , a C.A, the D. An, / 8. He was _____ first to come.

A. The B. a C. the D./ 9. Do you see ____ book on _____ table?

A. the, a B. a, an C. an , an D. a , the 10.Where’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room. A./ , / B./ , a C. a , / D. the, the 11. He is _____ friend of mine .

A. an B. / C. the D. a 12. There is ____ university near the farm . A. a B. an C. the D./ 13. He died in ____ autumn of 19 . A. / B. the C. a D. an

14. I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much . A. a, an, / B. a , / , the C. an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _____ Children’s Day .

A. a B. an C. the D/

八、代词

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Part 1 人称代词

人称代词是表示\"我\"、\"你\"、\"他\"、\"她\"、\"它\"、\"我们\"、\"你们\"、\"他们\"的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。

1 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 主格 宾格 中文 I me 我 you you 你 单数 he him 他 she her 她 it it 它 we us 我们 复数 you you 你们 they them 他/她/它们

2 人称代词的用法

（1） 人称代词在句中可以用作主语（用主格）和宾语（用宾格）：

He loves her, but she hates him.

（2） 人称代词用于as, than之后时，可用宾格： ---“Who is it?” ---“It’s me.” He gets up earlier than me.

He speaks English as well as her. （3）人称代词单独使用时，通常用宾格：

------He would like to stay here for another week. ------Me too.

3 人称代词的排列顺序

（1）单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I：

You, he and I are all middle school students.

（2）复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即we, you and they:

We, you and they will all go there.

（3）但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则要把第一人称I/We置于其他人称代词之前：

I and Tom are to blame.

Part 2 物主代词

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。

1 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下： 单数 复数 形容词性 名词性 中文 my mine 我的 your your his his her hers its its our ours 我们的 your yours 你们的 their theirs 他/她/它们的 你的 他的 她的 它的 2 物主代词的用法

（1）形容词物主代词在句中作定语：I love my country. Is this your car? （2）名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与\"of\" 连接的定语：

These books are ours.

That car is mine, not yours.

Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.

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练习: 将下列表格补完整

I me my mine you yours him her us they its its theirs 二 根据提示填空： 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )

3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

4. ______ is my brother. _____ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _____. ( he ) 5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)

9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )

10. Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________. _________ aren’t here. ( they ) 11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she ) 13. Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 14. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger! ( it ) 15. ________ sister is ill. Please go and get _______. ( she )

16. ________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _______. ( we ) 17. So many dogs! Let’s count ________. ( they ) 18. May I sit beside _________? ( you )

Part 3 反身代词

表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 1、反身代词第一, 二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 \"-self \" (复数加 -selves ) 构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self (复数加 - selves ) 构成。 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself themselves 第三人称 herself themselves 第三人称 itself themselves 2、 反身代词的用法 反身代词在句中主要作宾语和同位语, 用作同位语时表示强调\"本人,自己\"： He taught himself English. The child himself drew this picture. 练习

1 He is cleverer than ____. He can do it better than ____ do. A. me, me B. I, me C. me, I D. I, mine

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2 Look, the chair has lost one of ____ legs.

A. his B. her C. its D. it’s

3 Lily was 9 years old. _____ was old enough to go to school ______. A. She, she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her, she 4 I want to finish it _____ .I won’t ask for help.

A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. ourselves 5 Jim’s watch is much newer than _________.

A. hers B. she C. her D. herself 6 ——Who taught you English last year? ——Nobody taught me . I taught ______.

A. you B. myself C. her D. me 7 She is a student, _____ name is Julia.

A. its B. her C. hers D. his 8. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _______ . A. I B. me C. my D. mine

9. That's not ______, it is_______. I made it ______ .

A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself 10 We bought ______ a present, but _______ didn’t like it.

A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves, their D. theirs, they

Part 4 指示代词

指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要的有this, that, these, those, 其中this和that为单数，these和those为复数。指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

指示代词的用法： 1. this和that的用法

两者的基本区别是this表近指，that表远指。另外，当要回指上文提到的事情时，可用this或that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this:

She married Jim, and this/that surprised me. I want to know this——Does he agree this project? 2 that和those的用法

that和those常常用来代替已提到过的名词，以避免重复。 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

Part 5 相互代词

相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，主要有each other, one another, 均表示“相互”、“彼此”。指示代词通常在句中作宾语与定语，不可作主语。

1 each other主要多用于两者之间，有时也可用于三者或以上；one another主要用于三者或三者以上。

They love each other.

The three women looked at each other/one another. 2 相互代词的所有格

相互代词的所有格在后面一个词的词尾加-’s： We didn’t know each other’s names.

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They often stay in one another’s house.

Part 6 疑问代词

1. 疑问代词的概念与形式

用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。主要的疑问代词及其功能如下表所示：

语法功能 主宾表定可跟of 形式 语 语 语 语 短语 主格 Who √ √ 指 宾格 Whom √ √ 人 所有格 whose √ √ √ √ 指 主格 Which(可指人) √ √ √ √ 物 宾格 What √ √ √ √ ①who, whom与whose who的意义为“谁”，既可以做单数，也可以指复数。在句中主要做主语和宾语。whom是

who的宾格，在句中主要做动词宾语和介词宾语，做动词宾语时whom可与who互换使用，但作介词宾语时只能用whom; whose 是who 的所有格形式，意为“谁的”：

Who said that ? Whom are you waiting for? Whom/Who have you chosen to take part in the sports meet? I don’t know whose it is. ②what与which

which 和 what 都指物。which意为“哪一个，哪一些”适用选择范围较小或明确的场合；what意为“什么”，用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如指人，其后接名词时只用which和what，不用who：

Which color do you like, black or white? What color do you like?

Which/What writers do you like? 练习

一 用适当疑问代词填空： 1. ________ is your math teacher? 2. ________ subject is he talking?

3. ________ went to see the headmaster of the school yesterday? 4. For ________ did he buy a ticket? 5. ________ do you prefer, rice of bread? 二 把下列句子译成英语: 1. 这是谁的自行车？

2. 哪一支铅笔是你的，蓝的还是红的？

3. 你在给谁写信？

Part 7 不定代词

1. 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。英语中的不定代词有：

all, every, each, one, none, no, both, either, neither, little, a little, few, a few, some, any, many, much, other, another 以及由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词。

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2. 复合不定代词

复合不定代词是由every，some，any，no与-one, -body, -thing 构成的代词。 指人 指人 指物 everyone everybody everything someone somebody something anyone anybody anything on one nobody nothing

(1) some- 类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any- 类不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句：

There is somebody who wants to speak to you.

I haven’t seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.

(2) 由 -one和 -body构成的不定代词可以互换使用，知识前者较文雅： Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.

(3) 复合不定代词后有定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： Tell us something interesting.

(4) 复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数： Everyone knows this. Everything is possible. (5) no one与none的区别

no one常指代人，只能为可数；而none可指代人或物，可数、不可数皆可。no one回答“who”,

none回答“how many/much”, none可与of结构连用： No one in our class failed the math exam. None of them believed his story.

——How many of you have been to the USA? ——None. 3. both，either与neither的用法

(1) both意思是\"两者都\"，either意思是\"两者中的任何一个\"，neither意思是\"两者都不‖，具体见下

表：

Both of my parents are doctors. Neither of my parents knows English.

——Which of the two rooms would you like, sir? ——Neither. (2) either在否定句中可表示“也”的意思： He won't go and I won't go either.

(3)either… or… 不是...就是... ；neither nor 既不…也不... ：

Either you or I am going there tomorrow. Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 4. every和each

两者均可表示“每一个”，every侧重从总体上考虑，而each侧重从隔日方面考虑。

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(1) each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of 短语；而every后必须接名词，既不能单独使用，也不能后接of短语：

Each is good. Each of the students has seen it.

(2) each指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或三者以上的“每个”： There are trees on each side of the road.

(3) every可受almost, nearly等副词的修饰，但each不能： Almost every student has read the book.

5. other, the other, another与others的区别用法

(1) 指单数时。若泛指用another, 若特指用the other(后接单数名词)：

Give me another one. Shut the other eye, please.

(2) 指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词)，若特这用the other(后接复数名词)：

There are other ways of doing it? Where are the other students?

(3) others永远表示复数意义，且其后不能再接名词。其意义大致为“other+复数名词”，同样地，

the others大致意义为“the other+复数名词”： Other people/Others may not think that way. He is cleverer than the others/the other students.

(4) another一般只能表单数，且其后接名词时也只能接单数名词。但是其后若有数次或few修饰

时，则可接复数名词：

I shall stay another few months.

(5) 与some对比使用时，用others： Some say yes, and others say no.

练习

1. Please tell _____ about it if _____ doesn’t know.

A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her

2. Is there _______ in today’s newspaper?

A. something important B. important anything C. anything important D. important everything

3. Do you know ______ dictionary it is?

A. which B. who C. whose D. whom

4. I’ve two friends. ______ of them are at school.

A. Both B. Neither C. Each D. All 5. We’ve lost all our money. ______ shall we do?

A. How B. What C. Where D. Why 6. The fish is delicious. Try and eat ______.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 7. —— ______ do you prefer, milk or orange juice? —— I don’t like _____ . I usually drink coffee.

A. How; either B. What; neither C. Which; neither D. Why; either 8. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, ______ are from the USA.

A. the two others B. the other two C. another two D. the both

9. ______ the twins enjoyed _______ at the party yesterday.

A. Both; them B.Both; themselves C. Neither; them D. All; themselves 10. –Would you like _______ milk in your tea? -Yes, just _______.

A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some 11. We study Chinese, English and some _______ subjects.

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A. the other B. other C. others D. another 12. --- Who is playing the piano in the next room? ---____ is Li Ping’s brother.

A. This B. That C. It D. He 13. –Is this your shoe? -Yes, it is. But where is _______?

A. the other B. another C. other one D. the other one

14. － Do you have _____ to say for yourself?

－ No, I have _____ to say at this moment. A. anything important, something important B. anything important, nothing important C. important something, nothing important D. important anything, important nothing

15. The farmer is very busy because he has so _______ sheep to keep and so ______ work to do

every day.

A. much; many B. many; much C. many; a lot D. a lot; much

九、数词

一、数词的概念及分类

表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。 1．最基本的基数词如下表所示： 1~10 11~19 20~100 1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 2 two 12 twelve 30 thirty 3 three 13 thirteen 40 forty 4 four 14 fourteen 50 fifty 5 five 15 fifteen 60 sixty 6 six 16 sixteen 70 seventy 7 seven 17 seventeen 80 eighty 8 eight 18 eighteen 90 ninety 9 nine 19 nineteen 100 one hundred 10 ten *基数词的写法： 1)、21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符―-‖。

例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine

2)、百位数表达法：用百位数的基数词加―hundred‖，表示几百，百位数与十位数之间要加上and，

十位数和个位数之间要用连字符“-”。

例：201 two hundred and one. 329 three hundred and twenty-nine

8 six hundred and forty-eight

3)、1000以上的数，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为thousand（千），第二

个逗号前为million（百万）， 第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）. 例：1,234 one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four

862,147,983 eight hundred and sixty-two million, one hundred and forty-seven thousand,

nine hundred and eighty-three

750,000,000,000 seven hundred and fifty billion

注意：hundred（百）, thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion（十亿） 前面即使有具体的数词，

也不能在他们后面加“s”。 例如 600 six hundred 8,000,000 eight million

2．序数词的构成

1）一般来说是由相应的基数词在词尾加th构成。 例：

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four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth

seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth

2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。 例：

one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth

3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词末尾的y 变成ie，然后再加th. 例： twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth

4）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。 例：

twenty –one --- twenty- first thirty-five --- thirty-fifth

a hundred and fifty-three --- a hundred and fifty- third

*基数词变序数词的口诀：

基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth） 一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third） 八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；f来把ve替；（fifth，twelfth） 整十基数变序数，y变ie，加th； 要是遇到几十几，前用基数后用序。

数词练习题

一 写出相邻的数词

1. twenty 2. five

3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy

7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one thousand 二、选择正确答案

1.There are days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There are students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My brother is in .

A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing .

A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning

5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year.

A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the day of the week.

A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is season in a year.

A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was to get to school and I was .

A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth 9.What’s the date today? It’s .

A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th 10.Monday is the second day, and .

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A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday

十、介词

介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或动词（动词ing形式）前面。 1、in

① 在„„里面。如：in the classroom

② in＋颜色，穿着„„颜色的衣服。如：Who‟s the man in white? ③ in＋语言，用某种语言说。如：What‟s this in English?

④ 在上午、下午、晚上。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening

⑤ 在世纪、年代、年、月、季节前。 如： in the 21st century in 2008， in August， in summer ⑥ 在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如：in China，in Wuxi，in the playground ⑦“in ＋ 一段时间”表示“多久以后／以内”，常与将来时连用 ⑧ 固定搭配。 如：in the middle of（在„„中间），do well in（擅长），in the day（在白天），take part in（参加），stay in bed（躺在床上），in the street（在街上） 2、on

①在„„上面（表面）。 如：on the desk ②在具体的某一天或某天上、下午、晚上前。 如：on the 5th of May，on Sunday，on Monday morning ③以Day结尾的节日前。如： on Children‟s Day， on New Year‟s Day ④固定搭配。如：on foot（步行），on duty（值日），put on（穿上），get on（上车） turn on（打开），on the right / left（在右边/左边），on the wall (在墙上)，on ZhongShan Road（在中山路上） 注 意：树上自身具有的花、果、叶，用on the tree；不是树上长的外来物用in the tree。 如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree. 3、at

①在某个具体时刻前。如：at seven o‟clock

②在传统节日前。如：at Spring Festival， at Mid-Autumn Festival， at Christmas ③在较小的地点。如：at the bus stop ④固定搭配。如：at once（立刻，马上），be good at（擅长„„），look at（看），at home（在家），at school（在学校）, at weekends（在周末）, at the back of（在„„后部）, at night（在夜晚） 4、under 在„„下面 如：There is a cat under the table.

5、behind 在„„后面 如：There is an umbrella behind the door. 6、near 靠近„„ 如：There is a park near my house.

7、beside 在„„旁边 如：The students are standing beside the teacher. 8、next to 紧靠„„旁边 如：The teachers‟ office is next to our classroom. 9、before （时间上）在„„之前 如： before class（上课前） 10、after （时间上）在„„之后；依照 固定搭配： after class（课后），after school（放学后），look after（照看），run after（追赶），read after me（跟我读）

11、between在两者之间；among 在三者（或以上）的中间

如：There are some trees between Building A and Building B. Among all the students, she is the cleverest one.

12、by ①乘某种交通工具 如：by bus，by plane， by the way（顺便说一下） ②到……时候为止 如：by the end of this year 13、from

①be from = come from（来自„„） 如：Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia. ②from„to„（从„„到„„）We go to school from Monday to Friday.

14、to 到、去„„ 如：Let‟s go to the zoo. 固定搭配：write to（给xx写信）

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15、about 关于；大约

如: I want to buy a book about animals. It‟s about one kilometer away.

16、for 为、给„„ 如：Here‟s a letter for you. What‟s for breakfast?

固定搭配：look for （寻找），wait for（等候） 17、with

①与„„一起。如：I‟ll go shopping with my mother. ②具有某种特征。如：Who‟s the boy with big eyes?

③help... with... 在某方面帮助某人 如： Can you help me with my English? ④play with... 和„„一起玩；拿„„玩 如：play with me，play with a yo-yo 18、in front of 在„„前面 如：There is a tree in front of the classroom.

in the front of 在…前部 如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 19、along 沿着，顺着 如：Go along this street.

20、as 作为 如：What would you like as a birthday present?

21、out of 从„„出来；往„„之外 如：The dog is running out of the house. 22、of „„的，属于„„ 如：a map of China ，a map of the world

23、off 离开，在„„之外 如：keep off the grass（勿踏草坪)，get off（下车） 24、up 向上 如：stand up（起立），pull up carrots（拔胡萝卜） 25、down 向下 如：sit down（坐下）， jump up and down（上下跳）

介词练习题

一、用合适的介词填空

1、the first day ______ school 2、 _____ the class 3、______ Wednesday 4、 _______ a farm 5、 pull _____ carrots 6 、a lot ______ fruit trees

7、 live _______ a town 8、 _______ the weekends 9、 _______ the sitting room 10、 ______ the 4th ______ November 11、 look _______ them 12、 _______ the playground 13、 ______ the school hall

14、talk ______ his students 15、______Christmas Day 16、 have a big lunch _______ my family 17、dress _______ _____ costumes 18、 the birds ______ the tree 19、_______ September or October 20、 _______ his grandpa’s house

选择题

( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In

( )2.Many people work __ the day and sleep __ night. A. on; at B. in; in C. in; at ( )3.He speaks Japanese best ___ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among ( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on ( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days. A. after B. for C. in ( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake. A. by B. for C. with ( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in ( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to

( )9.____ my father’s help, I have finished my composition. A. Under B. On C. with ( )10.He’s very strict ____ himself and he’s very strict ___ his work.

A. with in B. in with C. with with

( )11.I really can’t agree ____ you. A. to B. on C. with ( )12.The shop won’t open ___ nine in the morning. A. until B. at C. during ( )13.How about ___ the flowers now? A. watering B. are watering C. watered

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( )14.She spent all his money ___ books. A. in B. with C. on ( )15.They are talking ___ low voices. A.with B. in C. on ( )16.It’s very kind ___ you to help us. A. for B. to C. of ( )17.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning? A. with B. for C. by ( )18.A plane is flying ____ the city. A. on B. over C. above ( )19.You are free to speak ___ the meeting. A. at B. in C. on ( )20.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday. A. to B. on C. till ( )21.It’s wrong to play jokes ___ other people. A. on B. of C. with ( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue ___ red. A. for B. as C. to ( )23.The student will give us a talk ___ how to use our spare time. A. for B. on C. in ( )24.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle. A. in B. for C. on ( )25.The doctor is very kind ___ his patients A. to B. on C. at ( )26.We can’t live ___ air. A. in B. with C. without ( )27.The child was afraid ___ the strange sound. A. at B. for C. of ( )28.He was very angry ___ her for being late. A. for B. with C. at ( )29.What do you think __ _ the play? A. about B. like C. of ( )30.I think it’s the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure ___ it.

A. do B. about C. of

( )31.Reading ___ the sun isn’t good __ you. A. under；for B. in；for C. in；to ( )32.I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it __ my own eyes. A. by B. for C. with ( )33.We go to school every day _ ___ Sunday. A. except B. without C. on ( )34.There is a small river ___ the two towns A. in B. between C. among ( )35.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep ___ the lesson. A. for B. through C. during ( )36.Mr. Black went to Paris ___ a few days. A. for B. in C. after ( )37.They will leave ________ London next month. A. to B. from C. for ( )38.Are you going to the zoo __ bus or ___ my car?

A. on by B. by in C. on in

( )39.He woke up several times _ __ the night A. in B. at C. on ( )40.We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the

morning.

A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on

( )41. Where’s Lily? We are all here ___ her.

A. beside B. about C. except D. with

( )42. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.

A. on B. as C. for D. in

( )43. Jack has studied Chinese in this school ______ the year of 2000.

A. since B. in C. on D. by

( )44. ---What is a writing brush, do you know?

---It’s ____ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by

( )45. English is widely used __ travellers and business people all over the world.

A. to B. for C. as D. by

( )46. _____ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.

A. Under B. In C. With D. On

( )47. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west

of Hong Kong.

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A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in

( )48. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.

---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off

( )49. There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the tree is picking an apple.

A. in on B. on in C. in at

( )50. ―Who are you going to play ____?‖ ―Grade Two.‖ A. about B. by C. against

十一、句型 一、陈述句

1. 定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。 2. 肯定句变否定句

肯定句变否定句就是加not/no或表示否定的词，英语的句子主要取决于动词,而动词又有时态的变化，因此在不同的时态的句子中位置也不同。肯定句变否定句的三种具体情况：

(1)be动词的否定，直接在am, is, are的后面加not. Eg: She is not one of my cousins.

We are not cleaning the classroom. I am not a pupil.

(2)情态动词的否定，直接在情态动词后加not.

Eg: You must not finish the work in an hour. He should not go with us. I can not do it by myself.

(3)实意动词的否定，应根据不同的人称在实意动词的前加don’t 或doesn’t,在第一、第二

人称和复数人称前加don’t, 在第三人称单数前加doesn’t.

Eg: Amy lives in Beijing. → Amy doesn’t live in Beijing.

We play basketball on Sundays. →We don’t play basketball„„ You love listening to music. → You don’t love listening to„„ 陈述句练习:

一 将下列句子改为否定句，每空一词。

1．We do morning exercises every day．

We _______ _______ morning exercises every day． 2．All of us can swim．

_______ _______ _______ can swim． 3．There is something wrong with my bike．

There _______ _______ wrong with my bike． 4．You may stay here before I come back．

You _______ _______ here before I come back． 5．Read the text after me．

_______ _______ the text after me． 6．Li Lei needs some help with his English．

Li Lei _______ _______ _______ help with his English． 7．He said he would go to Beijing the next week．

He _______ _______ _______ _______ go to Beijing the next week． 8．The bike has already been mended．

The bike _______ _______ mended _______ ． 9．I think it is going to rain tomorrow．

I _______ _______ _______ _______ going to rain to rain tomorrow.

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.

二 疑问句

疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。 1、一般疑问句：

(1).一般疑问句需要用yes或no来回答。 (2).一般疑问句的基本结构： be动词（am, is, are）+主语+表语？ 情态动词（can, may, must…）+主语+行为动词（或be）? 助动词(do, does)+主语+行为动词？ 助动词（shall, will, have, has…）+主语+行为动词（或be）? (3).变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号） Be动词型一般疑问句： 原句 问句 回答 I am a girl. Are you a girl ? Yes, I am / No, I’m not She is my friend. He is a student. We are home. This is my book. They are good friends. Is she your friend ? Is he a student ? Are you home ? Is this your book ? Are they your good friends ? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t Yes, he is / No, he isn’t Yes, we are / No, we aren’t Yes, it is / No, it isn’t Yes, they are / No, they aren’t 情态动词型一般疑问句： 原句 问句 I can draw. Can you draw ? She can swim. Can she swim ? He can ride a bike. Can he ride a bike ? We will get there. Will you get here ? It can talk. Can it talk ? 助动词型一般疑问句： 原句 问句 I like swimming. Do you like swimming ? 回答 Yes,I can / No, I can’t. Yes, she can / No, she can’t Yes, he can / No, he can’t Yes, we will / No, we won’t Yes, it can / No , it can’t 回答 Yes,I do / No, I don’t She dances well. Does she dance well ? Yes, she does/No,she doesn’t He has a sister. Does he have a sister ? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t We cook dinner. Do you cook dinner? Yes, we do / No, we don’t It works well. Does it work ? Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t They become good Do they become good Yes, they do / No, they friends friends? don’t 其它在句中要变换的词有some→any, am→are

2、特殊疑问句：

以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或no。 1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 （疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。 What do you want? 你要什么？

When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？

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Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？

How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？ Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？ Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？

Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？

2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词 （+名词）+谓语。 Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？

What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？

Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？ *疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示―人‖的各种成分。 whose: 用来提问―谁的‖。

which: 用来提问―哪一个/位‖。 what: 提问表示―干什么‖等意思 *疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。 where: 提问在何地

why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子

how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语 *由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句

how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词 表示多少 , how far （表示距离）多远

疑问句练习

按要求改写句子，每空一词。

1. There is a big tree outside. (改为否定句) ____ __ ______ a big tree outside. 2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter. (改为否定句) He ___ _ ___ _______ to buy a dictionary for his daughter. 3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句) Uncle Wang _____ __ _______ making things. 4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改写为一般疑问句) ______ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday? 5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问) ________ _______ is the hospital?

6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问) _______ _______ students are there in your class? 7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问) ______ ______ do you write to your mother? 8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问) _______ ______ pens does he have?

9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问) _______ _______ is she? 10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句) They _______ _______ a class meeting every other week.

11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she _______ dinner with her grandparents once a week?

12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句） _______ this kind of cold ______ and ______ very quickly?

13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ he ______ cleaning the room？

14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句） ______ _______ brother ________ lunch at the school every day? 15.Put the book on the desk.（否定句）

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______ ______ the book on the desk.

16.His bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问） _______ ______ was bought yesterday?

17.She does morning exercises every day. (否定句) She _______ _______ morning exercises every day. 18.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问) _______ is your mother?

19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句) _______ she _______ to stay at home.

20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)

三、祈使句：

用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you，习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don’t, never开始。 1．肯定祈使句

句型1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + 动词原形. 例句：Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 Let me try. 让我试一试。 Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。

句型2：动词 + 其他部分

例句：Please open the door . 请开门。

Turn to page two. 请将书翻到第二页。 Listen to me. 请听我讲。 Stop talking. 别说话。 2、否定祈使句 （一般在句首加 Don’t.）

（1）．Climb the tree, please. 请爬树。 （肯定句） Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。 （否定句）

（2）．Open the door. 开门。 （肯定句） Don’t open the door. 不要开门。 （否定句） 3、陈述句变祈使句

(1)．You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。 Don’t make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。 (2)．You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。 Don’t read in bed. 不要在床上看书。

祈使句练习题

一、连词成句并改写成否定句。 1．on \\ walk \\ the \\ grass

________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. ride \\ a \\ here \\ bike

________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 二、 按要求改写下列句子

1．She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句) _______________________________________________ 2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句) ______________________________________________ 3.Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句) ______________________________________________

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4.My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句)

______________________________________________ 5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句) ______________________________________________ 五there be与have\\has 句型

一. ―There be‖ 句型

―There be +某 （些）人/ 物 + 某时 / 某地‖ 是指 ―某时/某地存在某人/某物‖。谓语动词be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数，be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。 （一）结构：There be (is \\ are ) +…… 1) There is + ① 可数名词单数 ② 不可数名词 2）There are + 可数名词复数 （二）各种句型

1. 肯定句： There is \\ are + …… 2. 否定句：There is \\ are + not +……

3. 一般疑问句：Is\\Are + there … ? Yes, there is \\are. No, there is \\ are not.

（三）就近原则：There be 句型中的 be动词取决于其后紧跟的主语，主语是单数则用单数，主语

是复数则用复数。

例：There is an apple and two pears on the table.

There are two pears and an apple on the table.

二、have \\has 句型

是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系)

I \\ We \\You \\ They \\ 人名（复数）\\事物（复数）+ have … He \\She\\ It \\ 人名（单数）\\ 事物（单数） + has …

练习题

一、用―have , there be ‖ 的适当形式填空

1. He _________ a lot of friends.

2. _________ _________ four seasons in a year. 3. She _________ seven sons.

4. _________ _________ any milk in the cup? 5. Beijing ________ many universities. 6. We _______ a lot of work to do.

7. _________ _________ a book and two pens on the table. 8. They ______ many beautiful flowers.

9. _________ _________ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box. 10. My father ________ a red car. 二、用适当的词填空

1. He often _______ up _____ six o’clock _____ the morning. 2. What’s wrong ________ your mother? 3. Mary can ________ a kite.

4. There _______ an apple and three bananas in the bag. 三、选择填空

1.There _____ two knives in the pencil – box .

A.are B.is C.be D.am 2.How many counties _____ in Europe ?

A. is it B.is there C.are they D.are there 3.Look ! There ____ some apples in that tree .

A. is B.are C.be D.am

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4.There ____ some children playing on the playground . A. is B.are C.has D.have 5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ? -No . ____ any water in it in winter .

A. There isn’t B.There aren’t C.It isn’t D.They aren’ t 6.There ____ an apple tree near the river .

A. am B.are C.is D.be 7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ?

A. Are B.Is C.Have D.Has 8.There _____ a banana and ten pears in the basket .

A. Are B.is C.has D.have 9.There _____ ten pears and a banana in the basket .

A. are B.is C.am D.be

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