同济大学1997年博士研究生入学考试英语试题含答案

同济大学1997年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part I Vocabulary and Structure （25%） Directions: In each sentence decide which of the four choices given most suitably completes the sentence or is closest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined in the sentence. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The streets was so narrow that cars which entered it had to out again. [A] reverse [B] retrieve [C] retreat [D] converse 2. Stephen has the ability to plan things cleverly to deceive other people. No wonder people often say he is as as a fox. [A]shrew [B]cunning [C]fabulous [D]eccentric 3. It seems incredible that the wild behavior of the football fans in different countries should lead to a border and even to open warfare with tanks and airplanes. [A] crash [B] crush [C] clash [D] clasp 4. Smith is suspicious. He almost always takes everything with_________. [A] a grain of doubt [C] a pinch of suspicion [B] a barrel of suspect [D] a grain of salt 5. Political opinions or policies that are are not extreme and are concerned with slow or small changes in the system. [A] moderate [B] radical [C] lingering [D] rectified 6. one thing and another, we have up until now failed to take any action. [A]at [B] with [C] in [D] by 7. In the 1800’s, all manner of punishment were devised to prevent the lefthanded children from writing in the way that came naturally to them: these included tying the left hand behind the back and it into boiling water. [A]slapping [B] thrashing [C]contemplate [D]stripping 8. Whenever he comes across a serious problem, he likes to __________ it, namely, to think it about carefully and for a long time. [A] contend [B]contempt [C]content [D]stripping 9. When one is on the edge of the a very steep cliff on a mountain, he is in very great danger. [A] precipice [B] crater [C]lava [D]pumice 10. The Indians were careful to every trace of their temporary occupation: they buried the embers of the fire and the remnants of food, unpiled any stones they had piled. [A] obligate [B] obliterate [C] delete [D] distort 11. At one o’clock in the afternoon on August 24, in the year AD. 79, the critical point was reached. Vesuvius erupted, death on thousands. [A] blowing [B] sweeping [C] raining [D]falling 12. Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and smoke, raced up one street and down the next, ______ the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety. [A ] shattering [B] huddling [C] stumbling [D] trampling 13. As the boat shot out beyond the riverside, Ruth realized that she was the mercy of the swift current. [A] at [B] on [C] for [D] with

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14. Tom and Ben have again and stop talking to each other. [A] fallen in [B] fallen out [C] fallen through [D] fallen up 15. The outline of the figure on the top of the slope was barely discernible in the darkness. [A] sensitive [B] sensible [C] perceptible [D] perceptive 16. he left with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. [A] a word [B] word [C] words [D] the word 17. He is a ,believing that there are more than one god in the world. [A ] polygamist [B] philanthropist [C]polytheist [D]ultranationalist 18. “What excuse did John offer for his rudeness at the meeting?” “He didn’t even mention it, apologize for it.” [A] even not [B] apart from [C] far from [D]better than 19. However, many businessmen are active Democrats for reasons________ economic ones-such as religion, national, racial, or geographic origin, or specific policy issues. [A]rather than [B]other than [C] less than [D]better than 20. One’s world outlook cannot but through in what one says and does. [A] come [B] to come [C]coming [D] came 21. He’s sometimes bad-tempered but he’s a good fellow ______. [A] in heart [B] at heart [C] with heart [D]by heart 22. I let my children make their own decisions now they are older; I wouldn’t to interfere. [A] presume [B]resume [C] assume [D] consume 23. It is a very happy time for all when the bus returns to the village with its of children proudly showing the cerificates they have been given. [A] group [B] carriage [C] load [D]pack 24. Even 30 years later, he still the memory of his happy and care-free childhood spent in that small wooden house of his grandparents’. [A] reminded [B] memorized [C] cherished [D] fancied 25. About 80 years ago, a safe in a heavily guarded tower in Dublin Castle, the of British rule in Ireland for centuries, was found open. The jewels were gone. [A] town [B] base [C] seat [D] museum 26. Industry only ten percent of the smog in Los Angeles. [A] calls on [B] mounts to [C] appeals to [D] accounts for 27. He had gone away on business and would not return to the hotel until the next day, I should have to wait till I could thank him for the present. [A] afterwards [B]then before [C]then [D]then therefore 28. In the early days of the industry, each automobile was made by hand. [A] barely [B] properly [C] artificially [D] virtually 29. At night in her little house Mrs. Smith, long ______ to Catholicism, knelt to her prayers with deep thankfulness. [A] reverted [B] converted [C] reversed [D] diverted 30. The border incident led to the two countries________diplomatic relations. [A] breaking up[B] finishing off [C]cutting out [D]diverted 31. You must not think that experts are right. [A] steadily [B] invariably [C]continuously [D]constantly

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32. His latest novel has his already considerable reputation. [A] magnified [B] enlarged [C] heightened [D]enhanced 33. It is difficult to the implication between the lines. [A] get into [B] get to [C] get at [D] get over 34. This sort of attitude on the part of boss______ a very pleasphere to work in. [A] causes [B] turns out [C] makes for [D] ends in 35. The evidence produced so far does not the conclusion that the driver was negligent. [A]deserve [B] stand [C] sanction [D] warrant 36. To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion may be a descriptive , but it does not mean that he was on all fours ,roaring and wagging his tail! [A] anode [B] analogue [C] analogy [D] analytic 37. The taste of the food was so that it was hardly noticeable. [A] superior [B ] prime [C] mild [D] subtle 38. Jimmy cried and cried, but his tears did’ not . His babysitter would not let him eat another ice cream cone. [A] avail [B] fail [C] veil [D] value 39. Andrew, my father’s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, to the family’s disappointment. [A] much [B] more [C] too much [D] much more 40. He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate. [A] What little [B]So much [C] How much [D] So little 41. An ambulance was waiting in the street. Somebody hurt or killed. [A] should have been [B] should be [C] must have been [D] must be 42. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them . [A] off [B] aside [C] out [D] down 43. She said she’d rather he tomorrow instead of [A] comes [B] win come [C] should come [D] came 44. One can become a member of this club only on paying the________ fee. [A] enrolled [B] regulated [C] requisite [D] legitimate 45. My students found the book :it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject. [A]enlightening [B] confusing [C] distracting [D] amusing 46. I can’t _________ what has. happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning. [A] figure out [B] draw out [C]look out [D] work out 47. The party’s reduced vote was _________ of lack of support for its policies. [A]indicative [B]confirming [C] positive [D] revealing 48. From this material we can hundreds of what you may call direct products. [A] derive [B] discern [C] diminish [D] displace 49. What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become a third time. [A] clean and measurable [B] notable and systematic [ C ] pure and wholesome [D] clear and organic 50. Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the of hunger.

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[A] sensation [B] cause [C] purpose [D] motive Part II Reading Comprehension（35%） Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished. statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One The failed Skylad will come screaming home to earth in rage and disappointment sometime next month, but it will fall we know not where. That precise information is beyond even the calculations of the talented scientists and their massive computers. The best they can tell us is that the space station, weighing 77 tons and as high as a 12-story building, will break into hundreds of pieces that will be scattered across a global track 100 miles wide and 4,000 miles long. We are again exposed to one of those unexpected adventures, or misadventures, of science that diverts our attention from the commonplace and boring chores of daily existence and encourages us to think thoughts about the eternal verities （truths）—longer, perhaps, than we care to think. What worries Richard Smith, Skylab’s director, is the “big pieces” that will come through the atmosphere. Two chunks ,weighing 2 tons each, and 10, weighing at least 1,000 pounds each, will come in at speeds of hundreds of miles an hour, and if they crash on land they will dig pits up to 100 feet deep. What worries us, with our lack of scientific knowledge and imagination, are both the big and little pieces, although project officials say there is a very small chance that anyone will be injured by the falling pieces. That’s good to know, but not quite as reassuring as the million-to-one odds quoted against the nuclear accident that happened at Three Mile Island. 51. “Odds”（ last line but one）most probably refers to________. [A]the probability that something will or will not happen [B]disadvantage [C]the opposite of even [D]something not important 52.This passage expresses _________. [A]amusement at the failure of Skylab [B] outrage at what is going on [C]a skeptical attitude toward scientists [D] a wish for more scientific knowledge 53.The writer believes that__________. [A]the dangers of the Skylab fall have been exaggerated [B]it’s useless to worry over things you can’t do anything about [C]the Skylab fall will be exciting [D]the danger from Skylab’s fall has been underestimated 54. The broken Skylab .

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[A]will be in two chunks--one weighing 2 tons and one weighing 10 tons [B]will be falling with the force of a 12-story building [C]will be radioactive [D]will be composed of 12 big pieces and hundreds of smaller pieces 55. The writer refers to Three Mile Island . [A] because he fears that a piece of Skylab may strike a nuclear power plant [B] as a sarcastic comment on the value of official reassurances [C] because it, too, was as high as a 12-story building [D] because the same company that built Three Mile Island built Skylab Passage Two As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist. The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the \"problem\" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let’s take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes. Dividing scientists into two groups—pure and applied—is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties -- geophysics and biochemistry, for example—have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences. 56. Concerning the relative importance of pure and applied scientists, the writer thinks that [A] applied scientists are more important [B] pure scientists are more important [C] neither are important [D] both are equally important 57. The example given in the third paragraph illustrates how_________. [A] pure science operates independently of applied science [B] the applied scientist discovers the basic laws of nature [C] applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done [D] applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist 58. The problem discussed in the third paragraph called for _______. [A] selecting the best heat-resistant metal from existing metals [B]developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit [C]developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures [D]selecting metals 59. Finer and finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in

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[A]the eradication of the need for specialists [B]greater interdependence of all the various sciences [C]greater independence of each science [D]the need for only one classification of scientists 60. Geophysics and biochemistry are [A]examples of new specialties resulting from combining sciences [B]totally dependent sciences [C]among the oldest sciences known to man [D]both B and C 61. “The horizons of science have expanded” means that [A]scientists can see further out into space [B]science has developed more fields of endeavor [C]the horizon changes size from year to year [D]scientists have made a machine for enlarging the horizon Passage Three At one time in England, the oath which one takes to tell the truth was used against the accused with devastating effect. If he refused to take the oath, he was held in contempt and punished. If he took the oath and then refused to answer a question, the refusal was taken as a confession of the thing charged in the question. Thus were men compelled to testify against themselves. A widely heralded defiance of this practice was made by John Lilburned, who was charged with sending scandalous books into England. He refused to examine under oath, saying that the oath was “both against the law of God and the law of the land.” He announced that he would never take it “though I be pulled in pieces by wild horses.” Lilburne was held in contempt, publicly whipped, fined, and placed in solitary confinement. That was in 1638. On February 13,15, the House of Lords set aside that judgment, contending that it was “against the liberty of the subject and the law of the land and Magna Carts.” And in 18, Lilburne was granted damages for his imprisonment. Lilburne was willing to testify on matters of which he was accused. His refusal related to questions “concerning other men, to catch me, and get further matter against me.” At that time, an accused had no immunity from testifying against himself at his own trial. Lilburne’s protest, therefore, was against being compelled to testify on matters not properly charged against him. In other words, he objected to furnishing evidence which could be used as the basis for future prosecutions against him. Before the end of the seventeenth century, the immunity claimed by Lilburne had been broadly extended in England. It protected the person who was charged with a crime from testifying against himself at his own trial. It also protected any witness from testifying to anything that might possibly be causing to seem guilty in future proceedings. 62. This article_____________. [A] describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our heritage [B] explains the reasons behind the loyalty oath [C] opposes the law which requires a witness to tell the truth [D] explains why a man should be forced to testify against himself

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63. Before Lilburne’s defiance of English law, an accused man was________. [A] within his rights to refuse to take an oath to tell the truth [B] within his rights to refuse to answer a question [C] considered guilty of the charge when he refused to answer the question [D] both A and B . Lilburue refused to testify at his own trial because he_________. [A] was unwilling to testify on matters of which he was accused [B] believed he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him [C] was really guilty [D] was innocent of the charge 65. The. House of Lords set aside Lilburuds conviction on the grounds that it was [A] a violation of individual liberty [B] contrary to English law [C]contrary to the terms of the Magna Carta [D] A, B and C 66. The immunity from testifying against oneself__________. [A]did not become law until the Bill of Rights was written [B]became law in the nineteenth century [C] was common in England before the end of seventeenth century [D] is a universally accepted law 67. As a result of Lilburne’s claim __________. [A] a man cannot testify in his own defense [B] a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himself [C] a man is considered guilty until he is proven innocent [D] the accused cannot be tried twice for the same crime 68. Implied but not stated:_________. [A] The oath which one takes to tell the troth was used against the accused with devastating effect [B] The Fifth Amendment is a hindrance to law enforcement [C] We owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men [D] Lilburne was guilty. Passage Four Since World WarⅡ, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin oaring in the first stages of adolescence, “go steady” through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying locks and clucking of middle-aged tongues over the ways of “wayward youth.” However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten. Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as a dictum that any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems; more often, it merely accentuates them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say in theological terms, that they are forsaking one

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idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that “success” is the ultimate good, but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the tree center of life’s meaning. Their expectation of marriage are essentially utopian and therefore incapalbe of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow. Shall we, then join, the chorus of “Misereres” over early marriages? One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more that all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its, own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones. 69. According to this article the trend toward early marriages________. [A]is the result of the Great Depression of the 30’s [B]cannot be easily determined [C] is one that can be clearly seen [D] is an outgrowth of the moral looseness brought about by World War Ⅱ 70. The author suggests that many of today’s early marriages are a result of________ [A] escapism [B] theological dictum [C] lack of formal education [D] convenience 71. More often than not ,early marriage will________. [A]not affect one’s problems [B] solve a person’s problems [C] intensify one’s problems [D] ease one’s problems 72. The author states that the home as an institution is________. [A]a false god [B]unworthy of worship [C]probably not capable of being what many young people expect it to be [D]incapable of being the basic unit of society 73. Many young people who marry early believe that __________. [A] their parents have found the true meaning of life [B] they have found the center of life’s meaning [C] “success” is the ultimate good [D] to succeed is not at all important 74. Youthful expectations of marriage can be described as__________ [A]utopian [B] realistic [C] materialistic [D] tragic 75. Which of the following statements would the author not subscribe to? [A]An early marriage should be economically feasible. [B]All early marriage are not bad. [C]Bad marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty. [D]Satisfactory marriage are determined by chronology. Passage Five Tomorrow evening about 20 million Americans will be shown, on their television screens, how easy it is to steal plutonium and produce “the most terrifying blackmail weapon ever devised” a home-made atomic bomb.

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They will be told that no commercial nuclear plant in the United States -- and probably in the world—is adequately protected against a well planned armed attack by terrorists, and that there is enough information on public record to guide a nuclear thief not only to the underground rooms of nuclear plants where plutonium is stored, but also to tell him how the doors of those underground rooms are designed. The hour-long television programme, “The Plutonium Connection”, makes its point by showing how a 20-year-old student of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in five weeks designed an atomic bomb composed of plutonium and parts from a hardware store. The young man, whose identity is being kept secret for fear he may be kidnapped by terrorists, is quoted as saying: “I was pretty surprised about how easy it is to design a bomb. When I was working on my design, I kept thinking there’s got to be more to it than this, but actually there isn’t. It’s simple.” The student worked alone, using information he obtained from science libraries open to the public. The television programme, produced for non-commercial stations across the country by a Boston educational station ,shows how quantities of other “secret” information are available to anyone. The Atomic Energy Commission’s public reading room in Washington is described by the narrator as “the first place a bomb-designer would visit when he was planning his plutonium theft. On file there and freely available are the plans of every civilian nuclear installation in the country.” The programme seems certain to create enormous controversy—not only over the lack of nuclear safeguards, but also over the morality of appointing the student to design a bomb and the wisdom of drawing attention to the ways that a nuclear thief can work. Even an official of Public Broadcasting System, which is distributing the TV programme, confessed to uneasiness: “It’s a terribly important subject, and people should know about the dangers, but I can’t help wondering if the programme won’t give someone ideas.” “The Plutonium Connection” explains, for example, that the security systems of nuclear plants were all designed to prevent sabotage by perhaps one or two agents of some foreign Power. But now this appears less of a hazard than the possibility of an attack by an armed band of terrorists with dedicated disregard for their own lives. The programme discusses two major plutonium reprocessing plants in the US -- one already operating in Oklahoma, one being completed in South Carolina -- neither of which has more than a handful of armed guards to supplement the alarms, fences and gun-detectors that Government security requires. Both are in such remote areas that it would take at least 45 minutes for a sizeable police force to be assembled, if there were an attack. An official of the South Carolina plant—a joint operation of Allied Chemical, Gulf Oil and Royal Dutch Shell—admits to television viewers that the “system we’ve designed would probably not prevent” a band of about 12 armed terrorists from entering. Stealing plutonium is even easier, the programme suggests. Despite constant survey of all materials on the list, there are inevitably particles of plutonium unaccounted for—about I lb a month at the Oklahoma plant, owned by the KerrMcGee oil company, which in a year adds up to enough to make an atomic bomb. It is suggested that stealing would be even easier ff instrument technicians were unscrupulous enough to alter their measuring devices. The television film also shows radioactive fuel being transported to nuclear processing plants

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in commercial armoured cars. As safety measure, US drivers of such cars are ordered to contact headquarters by radio telephone every two hours. But the equipment is “cumbersome and unreliable”, and in difficult terrain there are radio black out areas. The programmer ends with a warning from Dr Theodore Taylor, a former Atomic Energy Commission officer who has long contended that any person of modest technical ability could make an atomic bomb: “If we don’t get this problem under international control within the next five or six years, there is a good chance that it will be permanently out of control.” 76. Why did the student design an atomic bomb? [A]because he was really a terrorist. [B]as a normal part of his studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [C]as an experiment to see how easy it was. [D]as a blackmail weapon. 77. Why would a terrorist go to the Atomic Energy Commission’s public reading room? [A] to find out how to design a bomb. [B] to find out where to steal plutonium. [C]to look at files of secret information. [D] to find out where to steal an atomic bomb. 78. The student found out how to design an atomic bomb_______. [A] from secret information in the Atomic Energy Commission’s library [B] during his course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology [C] from information made available on television programmes [D] from information he found in science libraries 79. The television programme could be criticised because it might________. [A] teach people how to make bombs [B] show people how to stem plutonium [C] put the government in a bad light [D] give secret information to foreign powers 80. Plutonium plants can easily be robbed because_________. [A] their security precautions do not work properly [B] they were not planned in such a way as to resist a terrorist attack [C] a lot of plutonium is stolen [D] the local police are inefficient 81. The main danger discussed in the passage is from [A] students making their own atomic bombs [B] foreign spies stealing secrets [C] terrorists stealing plutonium and making their own bombs [D] technicians stealing plutonium 82. In “It’s simple” （ line 14）, “it” refers to__________. [A] making an atomic bomb [B] the bomb itself [C] working alone [D] getting the necessary information 83. What does “this” refer to, in the expression “this appears less of a hazard”? [A] some foreign Power. [B] the design of the security systems. [C] a terrorist attack. [D] sabotage by people working for an enemy country. 84. What is “this problem” ? [A] how to manufacture atomic bombs. [B] how to stamp out terrorism.

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[C] how to stop people stealing plutonium and making their own bombs. [D] how to increase security at American nuclear plants. 85.What is the main theme of the passage? [A] the fact that a student was able to make an atomic bomb. [B] the dangers of transporting plutonium. [C] the fact that secret information is available in public libraries. [D] the ease with which atomic bombs could become a terrorist weapon. Part III Translation from English into Chinese （5 % ） 86. This point was driven home. 87. They are ready to go at short notice. 88. They seldom worked against time. . I’ll go to their rescue as soon as not. 90. The money is not there, and that is the long and short of it. Part IV Cloze Test （10 % ） Directions: In each of the, following blanks one word is missing. Write this word in the Answer Sheet. The Indian relied on more than religion, however. His life experience also taught him rightness of living in harmony with nature and it gave him a sense of community responsibility. It was logical that a conservation ethic should grow out of the Indian’s attitudes toward day-to-day living. The hunter, for example, killed for the clan, not for 91 . He harvested only 92 his own community needed, and respected their needs for both today and tomorrow and the requirements of other friendly clans as 93 . This attitude of restraint, of regarding resources 94 limited, and of assuming moral responsibility for the longterm needs of the community has all the central elements of the modern philosophy of conservation. Today ecologists speak of the \"public interest\" or the rights of future generations to enjoy the fullness of the earth. The Indian has always taken these ideas 95 granted. An absence of greed was also part of Indian character. In fact, this was a dominant feature of the aboriginal peoples of North and South America, and it was recognized by the Spanish historian Miguel Agia, who wrote: \"The Spaniard and the Indian are diametrically opposed. The Indian is 96 nature without greed and the Spaniard is extremely 97 ,the Indian 98 and the Spaniard excitable, the Indian humble and the Spaniard arrogant, the Indian deliberate in all he does and the Spaniard quick in all he wants, the 99 liking to order and the other hating to serve.\" Historically, it was the dispute over the use and ownership of land that 100 the white skinned immigrants to ignore and east aside the Indian’s lessons of care and conservation. The Western European immigrants were land-hungry, for they came from feudal societies where the governing classes owned land completely, fenced it off, and gloried in its possession. The immigrants were eager to acquire for themselves the symbols and benefits of ownership that in Europe only the aristocratic families had enjoyed. Part V Error Detection And Correction 10% Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you

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cross out a word, put a slash （/） in the blank. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. Many of the arguments 1. times/age having used for the study of literature as a school 2. / subject are valid for study of television. 3. the Dear Sirs: I am writing to your office to attempt to determine why I have encountered so many obstacles to receiving my proper monthly social allotment（拨款）. The trouble occurred ten months ago and has actually gotten worse, making extremely difficult for me to me to meet normal financial obligations. 101._____________________________ The first problem which I had to deal was simply getting a monthly check from you, without having to wait for four or five extra weeks for it. 102.____________________________ Then two of the checks that have arrived made out for the wrong amount, giving me fifty dollars fewer than I should have received. 103.___________________________ Another check was mailed to me at an address which I moved more than two years ago. 104.____________________________ My letter of inquiry, which I sent to the Los Angeles office of the Social Security administration, never brought the answer, and when I finally 105.____________________________ telephoned them I was able to talk with an arrogant clerk from the tone of his voice ! could tell that he didn’t want to be bothered with me. 106. __________________________ The final blow is a letter received from your office yesterday in which you state that my allotment is being discontinued, your records indicated that I am legally dead. 107._________________________ Apart from this letter of protest I have at least one other recourse（追索权） :filing suit against the Social Security Administration, that I would prefer not to have to do. 108. _____________ However, I am asking you to take whatever steps are necessary 109.________________________ to ensure that from now on I receive my social security benefits with further obstacles. 110._____________________________ This letter also testifies that I’m indeed not dead, legally or otherwise. Sincerely yours， Thelma Spencer 考生注意： 1．此页与答题纸一并上交。 2．本篇短文没有拼写、标点或大小写错误。 3．每个划线部分只有一个词是错的，因此只能增加、删去或改动一个词，而不是两个词。 Part VI Writing（15%） In present-day society, money becomes increasingly indispensable. Some people hold that money is everything while others maintain it is not. Now please write a short composition of no less than 150 words on the title of “Money Is （Not） Everything”. Give reasons or examples to

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support yourself． 参 Part I 词汇与语法结构 1. A reverse倒退、倒转、逆运、挫折、相反。从中文词义上讲似乎和[C]retreat退却，有些近似。实则不然，用法也不同。 如：Their positions are now reversed．他们的地位现在颠倒过来了。 Please reverse your car into the garage．请把汽车倒着开进车库。 这里指：街道太窄，进去的车辆只好又倒着退出来，所以只能用A。 [B]retrieve恢复、挽救、取回、找回。 [D]converse逆转的。为形容词。 2. B cunning狡猾的。这里指：像狐狸一样狡猾。 [A]shrewd敏捷的 [C]fabulous神话般的 [D]eccentric偏心的、反常的、偏执的。 3. C crash冲突、碰撞。border clash边界冲突。 [A]crash碰撞、倒下、坠落。 [B]crush压碎、拥挤、迷恋、（水果）汁。 [D]clasp紧握、拥抱。Ex：He gave my hand a warm clasp.他热情地紧握着我的手。 4. D （with） a grain of salt有保留地、不全信地，打上几分折扣。 [A]a grain of doubt一点疑惑 [B]a pinch of suspicion一点怀疑 [C]a barrel of suspect大量疑点。 Ex：reasonably moderate price公平合理的价格。He is moderate in drinking.他饮酒有节制. 这里指：政见和稳健适度、不过份。 [B]radical激进的、激烈的 [C]lingering拖延的、逗留的 [D]rectified矫正的、整顿的、纠正的 6. B with what with...，（and） what with...．一则因……一则因……，因……和……。这里指因这事或那事的原因，我们到现在还未采取行动。其他A、C、D三项都没有搭配。 7. C thrusting推入、插入、猛推进。（into）这里指：硬把孩子的左手插入开水中，为的是制止左撇子，儿童左手写字。 Ex：thrust one’s hands into one’s pocket将手插进口袋中。 He thrusts himself into a highly paid job.他不择手段地争取到一个高报酬的工作。 [A]slap拍、打 [B]thrash鞭打、抽打 [C]stripe剥去、除去 8. D contemplate仔细考虑、凝视、注视。这里指：每当他碰到严重问题，他就爱思考，也就说，进行长期和仔细的考虑。 [A]contend争论 [B]contempt轻蔑、轻视 [C]content使满足／满意 9. A precipice悬崖、绝壁=a very steep cliff on a mountain．这里指：在悬崖边缘。 [B]crater喷火口 [C]lava熔岩 [D]pumice浮石

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10. B obliterate涂去、抹去、消灭痕迹使被忘却。这里指：印地安人非常小心地抹去他们临时居住地的蛛丝马迹。（一切痕迹） [A]obligate使负有…义务。Ex：He felt obligated to visit his parents.他觉得有义务探望父母。 [C]delete删去，略去。Ex：Delete his name from the list of members，把他的名字从会员单上删除。 [D]distort歪曲、扭曲。Ex：distort the fact歪曲事实。 11. D falling落下。fall on短语，义：（灾难等）临头、落在…上；袭击、正逢。Ex：The suspicion fell on neighbor．一个邻居受到怀疑。Darkness fell on the little town．黑暗降临小镇。这里指：维苏威火山爆发，死亡降临到成千上万人身上。常用句型结构应为death falling on thousand people． [A]blow吹、刮（风） [B]sweep席卷、打扫、肃清 [C]rain下雨 12. D trampling践踏、踩、蹂躏。Ex：The children have trampled the flowers down．孩子们把花踩坏了。Don’t trample on the right of personal liberty．别践踏个人自由的权利。 这里指：猛冲的人群在黑暗和烟雾中瞎撞，从一条街奔向另一条街，踩着倒下的人疯狂而又无效地想冲向安全地带。 [A]shatter粉碎、破碎、捣毁。Ex：Such words simply shatter them selves on the hard fact.这种言论在铁的事实面前碰得粉碎。 [B] huddle挤作一团、乱堆、草率地做。Ex：The British Government huddled up a peace with Germany.英国匆匆地和德国缔结和约。The children huddled to get her on a sacks.孩子们在一堆麻袋上挤作一团。 [C]stumble绊倒、蹒跚、结巴。Ex：She stumbled at （over） the long word．她结结巴巴 说那个长词。 We are stumbling along the broken path．我们在凸凹不平的小道上踉跄前进。 13. A at at the mercy of.…短语，义：在…掌握之中，任…摆布。Ex：Primitive man was at the mercy of his environment．原始人受环境支配。For a fortnight，the captain and his men roved adrift at the mercy of wind and waves．两个星期以来，船长和他的船员们在海上漂流，任凭风浪摆布。 这里指：罗丝知道她得任凭急流摆布。 [B]on和[D]with与mercy没有固定搭配 [C]for for mercy请大发慈悲。Ex：ask Heaven for mercy on one’s sin请求上苍宽恕自己的罪恶。 14. B fall out起纠纷、争吵、结果。Ex：They often fall out over some trifling matter．他们经常为小事而争吵。Everything fell out as we had hoped．一切均已达到我们的愿望。 [A]fall in跌入、塌陷、到期、同意。Ex：The water is deep here, mind you don’t fall in.这里水很深，注意别掉进去。The lease of our house will fall in next year，明年，我们房屋租期到了。Once the chairman had stated his decision, the committee fell in .一说出自己的决定，全体委员就表示同意。 [C]fall through落空、失败。Ex：Owing to lack of funds the scheme fell through.由于缺乏资金，计划不能实现。 [D]fall up没有此短语。 15. C perceptible看得见的，可感觉的，认得出的。和discernible可辨别的，意思相近。在

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这里都指：黑暗中难以看清和辨别。 [A]sensitive敏感的 [B]sensible明智的 [C]perceptive知觉的，有理解力的 16. B word音信、消息、信息、口信。leave word留言。 Ex：He left no word as to the object of his call．他没有留言说明他来访目的。Please leave word with my child if I’m not at home．如果我不在家，请留个口信叫我孩子转达。 [A]a word话、一个字、一言。Ex：May I have a word with him．我能和他说句话吗?a word and a blow一句话不对就动手 [C]words口角、争论、话。Ex：High words were passed between them．他们之间发生了争吵。holiday words奉承话、客套话。honey words甜言蜜语 [D]the word传音、命令、口令。Ex：He gave the word and they let him in 他说出口令他们让他进去。 17. B polytheist 多神论者 [A] polygomist有多个妻子的人 [B]philathropist博爱主义者 [D]ultranationalist极端的国家主义者 18. D let alone 更不用说，符合句义：他甚至提都不提，更不用说为此事而道歉了 by can’t even walk，1et alone ran.宝宝连走路都不会，更别说跑了。 [A]even not甚至没有。前句已有not even [B]apart from=except除…之外，不止 [C]far from远离，决不。Ex：Far from it差得远。 19. A rather than 这里是reasons和economic ones之比。such as后面的一切内容都是举例说明reasons。句义：许多商人都是积极活跃的民主党人，其理由与其说是经济的，不如说是如宗教、民族、种族、地区或特定的政治问题。也可译成：是宗教、民族、种族一类原因而不是经济原因。 [B]other than除此之外，不同于 [C]less than少于 [D]better than好于 20. A come can’t but后跟原形动词，义：不得不、只得。Ex：He can’t but speak the truth．他只得讲真话。这里指：人的世界观只有从他的言行中流露出来。 [B]、[C]、[D]三项不能用。 21. B at heart 内心里、从本性来说，实质上。Ex：He is at heart an ardent reformer.他实质上是个热心的改革家。这里指：他脾气有时不好，但本性是个好人。 [A]in heart内心，情绪好。Ex：He is young in heart.人老心不老。I am in heart.我情绪不错。 [C]with heart愿意，全心全意地。Ex：a young man with his heart in his teaching专心于教学的年轻人。 [D]by heart牢记、熟记，Ex：I must get the poem by heart．我得把这首诗背下来。 22. D presume假设、敢于、擅自行动、相信。Ex：We must not presume too much on the reliability of such sources．我们不应该过分指望这类消息来源的可靠性。 [B]resume 重新开始、恢复。这里指：重新开始干预。Ex：He resumed his study．他重新开始学习。 [C]assume假定、认为、担任

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[D]consume消耗 23. D pack 这里指：车上一群孩子。 [A]group a group of一群 [B]carriage 座位、车、马车 [C] load负荷、荷载 24. C cherished 怀有、珍爱。 Ex：These proofs Of kindness and generous feeling will forever be cherished in my memory．我将永远铭记这些体现友好和慷慨之情的明证。这里指：他仍然怀念（cherish the memory）他的幸福的童年。 [A]remind提醒人记起。Ex：The facts remind me of my childhood，这些事情使我想起了童年 [B]memorize记住。Ex：He finally memorized the poem．他最终记住了这首诗。 [D]fancy幻想、想象、喜爱。Ex：You can hardly fancy what a capital hand she is at embroidery．你难以想象她在刺绣上有多灵巧的一双手。 25. B base基地。这里指：在爱尔兰的英国统治的基地。 [A]town城镇 [C]seat座、席位 [D]museum博物馆 26. D account for占，说明。这里指：工业只占旧金山的烟雾的10％。 [A]call on访问 [B]amount to合计，共计，共达 [C]appeal to呼吁 27. B then before这里指：我得等到那时候才能谢他。then前的山till 是个介词，before是连词。 [A]afterwards后来、以后 [C]then那时 [D] then therefore那时所以 28. D virtually几乎、实质上、实际、简直，符合句义：几乎可以说每辆汽车都是手工制造的。 [A]barely几乎没有、贫乏地 [B]properly恰当地、正当地、合适地 [C]artificially人造地、人为地 29. B converted皈依，转换、更改、兑换。这里指：皈依天主教。 [A]revert回复、恢复、归还。Ex：revert to the original state恢复原状。 [C]reverse倒转、逆转、相反 [D]divert使转向、使分心、转移。Ex：divert one’s attention转换注意力，分心。 30. D breaking off 折断、突然中止、断绝、暂停。break off diplomatic relations with．．．和……国断绝外交关系。Ex：The speaker broke off a few seconds to find proper words to wind up his speech．演说者突然停下几秒钟，想找恰当词语来结束演讲。 [A]break up打碎、结束、驱散、分解。Ex：The meeting broke up at 4.会议四时结束。War broke up a lot of families．战争拆散了许多家庭。 [B]finish off吃光、喝光、结束、干掉。Ex: Let’s finish off the wine．把酒喝光。Her illness last year nearly finished her off．去年那场病几乎送了她的命。 [C]cut out切去、剪下、删掉。Ex：Cut out newspaper article and picture.剪下报上的文章和图画。He cut Edward out with Mary．他挤掉爱德华，赢得玛丽的爱情。 31. D constantly经常地。这里指：别以为专家总是对的。

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[A]steadily牢固地、稳定地、可靠地 [B]invariably不变地 [C]continuously连续地 32. D enhanced提高、增加（to increase good things such as value，power，beauty...）。 Ex: The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene. 月光增添了景色之美。He enhanced his own reputation through hard-work．他勤奋工作提高了自己的声誉。 这里指：他的最新小说提高了他已经相当高的 知名度。 [A]magnify放大、扩大 [B]enlarge扩大、扩充、使增大 [C]heighten增高、加高、提高（to become greater in degree）。Ex: The performance heighitened my admiration for the actor．这场表演令我更加钦佩这位演员。As she waited, her fear heightened.当她在等待时，她越发感到恐惧。（越来越害怕） 33. C get at 得到、理解。Ex：Get at the essence of a thing and not be put off by temporary appearances.抓住事物的本质，不为一时的表面现象所迷惑。There is no means of getting at the thoughts of men．人的思想是无法了解的。这里指：难以理解字里行间的含意。 [A]get into进入、陷入、穿上。Ex：Dust gets into his eyes．灰尘掉进了他的眼睛。The thief gets into the hands of the police．小偷落入警方手中。 [B]get to到达、触及、影响。Ex：to get to sleep入睡。get to the core of the matter接触到问题的核心。 [D]get over越过、克服、摆脱。Ex：get over barrier越过（克服）障碍。He never gets over Mary.他永远不会忘掉玛丽。 34. C make for有助于…，为…而。Ex：These hills are made for winter sports．这些小山适合冬季体育运动。Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding．文化交流有助于相互了解。 [A]cause促成、导致。Ex：I think you like causing trouble to／for people．我觉得你喜欢给别人制造麻烦。 [B]turn out关上、制造、证明结果。Ex：Everything turns out satisfactory.一切令人满意。She turned out six full-length novel in her life，她一生写了六篇小说。 [D]end in以…而告终。Ex：The negotiation ends in a rapture．谈判以破裂而告终。The incident ended in a laugh．此事最后一笑了之。 35. D warrant保证、证明。Ex: These facts warranted such a conclusion，这些事实证明了这一结论。这里指：所有出示的证明到现在为止就难以证明司机疏忽这一结论。 [A]deserve应受、值得 [B]stand站、忍受 [C]sanction制裁 36. C analogy比喻、相似、类推。 [A]anode阳极 [B]analogue类似物、相似物 [D]analytic分解的。 37. D subtle微妙的，难以捉摸的。（=delicates, hardly noticeable.）Ex：a subtle taste无以名状的味道。subtle differences in meaning语意上微妙的差别。这里指：食品味道微妙到了简直难以铭状的地步。 [A]superior高级的、优越的 [B]prime主要的 [C]mild温和的 38. A avail（to be of use）有用、有效。Ex：The medicine did not avail against the disease．此

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药对这病无效。这里指：他哭了半天也没有用（眼泪无用）。 [B]fail失败、不行 [C]veil遮掩、掩饰 [D]value有价值、估价、珍视、看重 39. A much多，非常。此词后常跟to one’s加感情名词。Ex：Much to my surprise （displeasure），she forgot our party．令我十分惊奇（生气）的是，她竟忘了我们的聚会。这里指：令全家人很失望。其他三项： [B]more更多 [C]too much太多和[D]much more多得多，都不能用于修饰to one’s加感情名词。 40. A What little这里what作形容词，the...that修饰little的同时又作is out of date...的主语、knows的宾语。符合句义和语法：他声称自己是天文学方面的专家，实际他一窍不通，他所知道的那点儿有关天文学方面的东西也是过时的、不确切的。 其他三项都不能用于此。 41. C must have been情态动词+完成时，表示对所发生事下结论。所以用must表示一定、必然含义。这里指：一辆救护车等在街上,必然有人受伤或者被杀。 [A]should have been虽然也是情态动词+完成时，但should表示应当、应该。不符合句义。 42. A off lay off短语，义：停止、解雇、戒掉。Ex：500 men were laid off work when the factory closed after the fire，工厂失火关闭后，500工人被解雇。 [B]aside，lay aside放在一边、储蓄。Ex：He laid aside one hour a day for reading．他一天抽一小时阅读。lay aside some money for future use存点钱将来用。 [C]out，lay out摆出、陈列、设计，用力。Ex：He laid out pictures for a magazine．他为杂志设计图片的版面。He laid out all his gains in purchasing land．他把自己全部所得用来购置土地。 [D]down，lay down躺下、放下、放弃、制定。Ex：lay down one’s arms放下武器投降。He had laid down certain conditions which you must follow．他规定了某些你必须遵守的条件。 43. D came形态动词词组，如：had better，might as well，had best等后可直接跟宾语从句，从句中用过去时表示现在和将来。这里的tomorrow明天，正符合这类语法规则。所以其他三项都不能用。 44. A enrolled 登记的、注册的、入会的。这里指：只要付入会费，即加入俱乐部的注册费／登记费。 [B]regulated调整的、调节的 [C]requisite必要的 [D]legitimate合法的 45. A enlightening有启发性的、启发的。这里指：书很有启发性，它提供了大量有关信息。 [B]confusing混乱的、令人糊涂的 [C]distracting分散的 [D]amusing令人发笑的、有趣的 46. A figure out算出、弄明白。 Ex：We figure out we shall reach Chicago on Wednesday morning. 估计我们在星期三早抵达芝加哥。I can’t figure the man out．我对那人无法理解。The cost was figured out at $50.开支总计为50美元。这里指：我不明白这些蔬菜怎么啦，今天早晨刚摘的。

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[B]draw out画出 [C]look out向外看、留意 [D]work out作出、制定出 47. A indicative指示的、表明的、陈述的、表示的。to be indicative of表示。Ex：Is high forehead indicative of great mental power?前额高表示智商高吗？这里指：选票降低说明人们对其不太支持。 [B]confirming证实的、确认的、有效的 [C]positive正面的、积极的 [D]revealing揭示的、显示的 48. A derive得来、起源于、派生出。derive…from…固定用法，义：从…得到、源出于。 Ex：derive pleasure from one’s studies从学习中获得乐趣。derive the meaning from the con text从上下文推出含义。 这里指：从这些材料中我们能生产出上百种你们称之为产品的东西。 [B]discern分辨、辨别 [C]diminish减少，缩小 [D]displace错位、移置、取代、顶换 49. D clear and organic清楚的和系统的。正好和confusing or fragmented模糊的或支离破碎的相呼应。其他三项难以全面呼应。 [A]clean and measurable清洁和可以测定的 [B]notable and systematic显著的和系统的 [C]pure and wholesome纯洁的和卫生的 50. D motive动机。这里指：出于饥饿的动机。 [A]sensation感觉 [B]cause原因 [C]Purpose目的 PartⅡ 阅读理解 Passage 1 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 53. B Passage 2 56. D 57. D 58. C 59. B 60. A 61. B Passage 3 62. B 63. C . B 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. C Passage 4 69. C 70. A 71. C 72. C 73. B 74. A 75. D Passage 5 76. C 77. C 78. D 79. B 80. B 81. A 82. A 83. D 84. C 85. A Part III 翻译 86. 这个论点讲明白了（弄懂了）。4dvehome理解、讲明白。 87. 他们一接到命令就准备出发。他们立即准备出发。at short notice固定词组，义：顷刻之间，接到命令后立刻…。 88. 他们很少争分夺秒地工作。against time尽快地、分秒必争地。work against time以最快的速度工作。 . 我不会立即去救他们。

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90. 钱不在那里。这就是关键（情况就是这样）。the long and the short of it固定用法，义：要点、梗概、总之、总的意思、总的结果。Ex：The long and the short of it is that you must pay me the money.总而言之，你必须付钱给我。 Psrt IV 完型填空 91. himself 92. when 猎人捕猎是为部族而不是为自己，只当他自己的部族需要时，他才捕获。 93. well as well词组，义：也。指：尊重部族今天和明天的需要，也尊重其他友好的部族的需求。 94. is 95.for take sth. for granted把…认为理所当然的。 96. by by nature词组，义：天生、生来 97. greedy 98. quiet 和excitable相应、印度人安详；西班牙人激烈。 99. one 100. made part V 纠错 101. making∧it 102. deal∧ 103. fewer less 104. moved∧out 105. the any 106. with by 107. indicated indicate 108. have∧anything 109. However Besides 110. with without Part VI 写作 Money Is （Not） Everything Money is generally accepted as a medium of exchange. It measures value, so wealth can be reckoned in terms of money. Money can forbid wealth to be idle and keep it in circulation. One can use money to buy raw materials and machines, then produce commodities to make profits, thus laying the strong foundation for his property. In a word, he becomes richer, can buy whatever he wants and enjoys life. In this sense, money is everything. Now let’s go a little into detail. Between price and value, the difference is that the former is represented by money, while the latter is not. The value of a product is determined by the labor and time required. The same is true of the value of one’s life. To live does not mean to make money, and money can’t buy your life. The poor and the rich will die alike someday. The value of one’s life lies in how to live. You can lead a life like Oblomove—rich, idle and useless but comfortable. Such a person no one respects Dr. Sun, the revolutionary pioneer of our motherland, dedicated his labor, money and time or rather say life to the unprecedented cause—overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. His life was often in danger. The reactionary forces were willing to pay any

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killer a large sum of money for his head. To them money means everything. To the Chinese people, Dr. Sun is great monument in the history of our country. No money, no force could shake Dr. Sun’s faith in revolution while he was living. No money, no force can get rid of this great image in the people’s mind after his death. Here money means nothing.