2012年6月研究生英语学位课统考(GET)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年6月研究生英语学位课统考（GET）真题试卷 (题后含答案

及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

听力原文：W: Larry, are you feeling OK? You’re so quiet at the party tonight.M: To be honest, whenever I go back to campus now, I feel really old—and all the students look so young! I feel out of place when I’m surrounded by students.Q: What does the man mean?

1．

A．He is pretty comfortable in this kind of setting. B．He is not at ease when seeing her.

C．He is not used to the current surroundings. D．He rarely feels shy in unfamiliar places.

正确答案：C

解析：女士说：Larry，你没事吧?今晚的聚会上你那么安静。男士说：说实话，现在每当我回到校园，就感觉自己真的老了。所有的学生都显得那么年轻!周围都是学生时，我感到很不自在。feel out of place意思是：格格不入，不自在。

听力原文：W: Are you asleep? Or are you just pretending to sleep? M: I’m really asleep.W: If you can hear me, you must be faking it. Good. You can give me a hand with the chores. Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?

2．

A．Waiter and customer. B．Husband and wife. C．Boss and secretary. D．Doctor and patient.

正确答案：B

解析：女士说：你睡着了吗?还是在装睡?男士说：我真的睡着了。女士说：如果你能听到我说话，一定是装睡。好，你可以帮我做家务。

听力原文：M: How was your date last night?W: We were going to see a movie but we couldn’t agree on which movie to see so we ended up going shopping. Q: What happened in the end according to the woman?

3．

A．They went to see a movie. B．They had a heated quarrel. C．They ended their relationship. D．They changed their plan.

正确答案：D

解析：男士说：你昨晚的约会怎么样?女士说：我们本来打算去看电影，但我们对看哪部电影意见不同，结果去逛商场了。

听力原文：W: Max! What a coincidence! I was just about to call you. M: I was in the neighborhood so I thought I’d drop by. W: Come on in. Can I get you a cup of coffee?M: I’d love one, thanks.Q: Where does this conversation most likely take place?

4．

A．At a coffee shop. B．In the street. C．At one’s home. D．In a restaurant.

正确答案：C

解析：女士说：Max!真是太巧了!我正要给你打电话呢。男士说：我恰巧在附近，所以想顺道来拜访一下。女士说：请进吧，来一杯咖啡吧?男士说：好的，谢谢。drop by意思是：顺道拜访，造访。

听力原文：M: Would you like to go shopping after we eat?W: I’m not in the mood. Today is such a beautiful day. I want to spend time outside soaking up the sun. Q: What does the woman mean?

5．

A．She prefers to go shopping with him. B．She does not want to eat out. C．She is in a bad mood today.

D．She wants to enjoy the perfect weather.

正确答案：D

解析：男士说：吃完饭后，你愿意去购物吗?女士说：我没心情去。今天天气多好啊，我想到外面晒晒太阳。

听力原文：M: What time does the library close?W: On Tuesday and Friday it closes at 6 P.M. On Monday, Wednesday and Thursday it is open till 9. It’s still open

until 5 on Saturday. But on Sunday, it closes all day.Q: On which evenings is the library open?

6．

A．Tuesday and Friday.

B．Wednesday and Thursday. C．Monday and Saturday. D．Saturday and Sunday.

正确答案：B

解析：男士说：图书馆什么时候关门?女士说：星期二和星期五下午6点关门。周三和周四开到晚上9点。周六开门到下午5点。但星期日整天关门。

听力原文：M: I think Jane is ready now to be trained as manager. She has worked here ten years and certainly has learned the ropes of running a chain store. W: She does look very intelligent, but you can’t judge a book by its cover. Q: What does the woman imply?

7．

A．The man always makes wise decisions.

B．Jane may not be able to do the job very well. C．Jane knows how to run a chain store. D．The man really likes the book cover.

正确答案：B

解析：男士说：我觉得现在该培训Jane做经理了，她在这里工作了十多年，肯定已经掌握了管理连锁店的诀窍。女士说：她的确看起来很聪明，但是看人不能看外表。习惯用语learn the ropes意为：摸熟门路，找到窍门。

听力原文：M: Do you want to share a taxi to the airport? We can save on expenses that way. W: Actually I am not flying. I’m going to the conference by train. I have to leave tomorrow because it’s going to take a day and a half to get there. M: That’s right. I forgot that you are afraid of flying. Q: Why aren’t the man and the woman going together?

8．

A．The woman needs to arrive earlier. B．The man has to delay his departure. C．The woman dislikes air travel.

D．The man has some extra work tomorrow.

正确答案：C

解析：男士说：你想和我共乘一辆出租车到机场吗?这样我们可以省钱。女士说：其实，我不坐飞机去。我要乘火车去开会。我明天就得出发，因为乘坐火车到那儿要花一天半的时间。男士说：对了，我忘记你害怕乘飞机了。

听力原文：M: I’ve been thinking about majoring in business. I want to be able to

get a job after I graduate, but I’m also really interested in studying psychology. W: Well, a lot of students major in one discipline and minor in another. They don’t necessarily need to be related. Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?

9．

A．Double major in both business and psychology. B．Major in business and minor in psychology. C．Drop business or psychology.

D．Choose two closely related majors.

正确答案：B

解析：男士说：我一直在考虑主修商科。希望毕业后能找到一份工作，但我也真对学习心理学感兴趣。女士说：嗯，很多学生主修一门学科，辅修另一门学科。两个学科不一定相关。

Section B Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

听力原文： Why do brides need something old, new, borrowed and blue? This question is linked to a British poem with guidance for what a woman should wear on her wedding day to have good luck. The poem goes like this: “Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a sixpence in her shoe.” Like many old traditions, it is not easy to say exactly where this saying comes from. The Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions says the poem dates back to the nineteenth century. But the belief in the good luck of wearing blue is much older. Since ancient times, blue was thought to represent loyalty and purity in some cultures. Wedding websites offer different explanations for the meaning behind this poem. They suggest that wearing something old represents the bride’s link to her family and the past. Many women may choose to wear a piece of jewelry that belonged to a mother or grandmother. Wearing something new is said to bring good luck and success. For many brides, their wedding dress is the new object they wear. Wearing something borrowed is said to serve as a reminder that the bride can depend on the support of her family and friends. So she might borrow a piece of clothing or jewelry from a friend or family member. There are many choices for what to wear that is blue. We asked several married women what their “blue” item was for their wedding. One woman said she wore light blue shoes. Another said she wore a blue garter around her leg. One wedding planning website suggested that a modern bride could paint her toenails blue or get a blue tattoo. The Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions says a bride would wear “a silver sixpence in her shoe” to have wealth. But it says the silver could also protect the bride from evil coming from her former boyfriends. However, putting a silver sixpence inside a shoe is generally not a tradition followed by brides

in the United States.Q10: Why do brides wear something old according to the wedding tradition? Q11: What has blue been thought to represent since ancient times? Q12: Which of the following is generally not a tradition followed by brides in the United States?

10．

A．It represents the bride’s link to her family and the past. B．It represents the support of the bride’s family and friends. C．It’s a symbol of good luck and success. D．It’s a symbol of good health.

正确答案：A

解析：文中说：穿旧的东西代表着新娘与她的家庭和过去的联系。

11．

A．Wealth and health. B．Protection against evil. C．Loyalty and purity. D．A reminder of the past.

正确答案：C

解析：文中说：自古以来，蓝色在某些文化中被认为象征忠诚和纯洁。

12．

A．Wearing something new. B．Wearing blue items.

C．Wearing something borrowed.

D．Wearing a silver sixpence in a shoe.

正确答案：D

解析：文中说：然而，美国新娘一般不会遵循在鞋里放六便士的传统。

听力原文： Physical activity may help students do better in their classes. The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading. Researchers at VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam reviewed the results of fourteen studies. Twelve were from the United States, one from Canada and one from South Africa. The studies appeared between nineteen ninety-seven and two thousand and nine. They included more than fifty-five thousand children, aged six to eighteen. Researcher Amika Singh says the studies showed a link between physical activity and scores on subjects such as math, English and reading, and concluded that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. Ms. Singh offers some possible explanations. There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones that make your stress level

lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better. Also, students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work. The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms. Singh says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies. Also, they were mostly observational studies. An observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisons. They only describe what they observe. So they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better grades. But that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher grades. Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms. Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs.Q13: Why do educators in some countries cut physical education programs? Q14: Why are organized sports beneficial for academic performance? Q15: Which of the following is one of the unanswered questions?

13．

A．They are facing budget deficit.

B．They are giving more weight to academic study. C．They are conducting observational studies. D．They are shortening school hours.

正确答案：B 解析：文中说：这项研究开展的背景是一些国家正在减少体育课等活动的课时，把这些课时用于数学和阅读课程。

14．

A．Because being active is the cause of higher grades. B．Because the amount of activity required is just right. C．Because they help students learn to follow rules in class. D．Because they can arouse students’ curiosity.

正确答案：C 解析：文中说：参加有组织的体育活动的学生还可以学习到规则和如何遵守规则，这可以改进他们的课堂行为，并帮助他们集中精力学习。

15．

A．Whether there is difference between school subjects.

B．Whether physical activity is linked to academic performance. C．Whether a comparison should be made with the control.

D．Whether the amount of activity affects academic performance.

正确答案：D

解析：文中说：Ms．Singh说此项研究还有一些尚不能解决的问题，如是否活动量影响学业水平的提高，这是因为不同研究之间存在差异。

Section C Directions: In this section you will bear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.

听力原文： Often, there is surely only one thing standing between your sensitive information and criminals, your password. If they get it, they can get into bank accounts and private files, and get your money. Your job is to create a password that is very hard to guess. Here’s how. Your first thought may be to use a pet’s name, a birth date, an address or part of a phone number. These things are too easy for criminals to discover. So don’t use them. Your password should not include information about you. Thankfully, there are ways to have memorable but hard-to-guess passwords. Consider this: in addition to single words, phrases can also be easy to remember. Maybe it’s a favorite song lyric or quote. An example is “Jack and Jill went up the hill”. That’s easy to remember, right? Well, your password is there. It’s the first letter of each word. In this example, this will be your password. That’s not something that is easily guessed. Here is why. First, it’s not in the dictionary. This makes guessing it harder. There are about 60,000 words in English. A computer can test out those words pretty quickly, so don’t use them. But there’s more. This password could still be stronger by adding upper-case letters, numbers or special characters. So now this is a very strong password, but there is still a risk. If you write it down, be careful where you keep it. Be aware that somebody can look over your shoulder or find it in your trash. Giving it to loved-ones is also risky. They may not be as cautious as you are. Only you should know your password. Criminals may also try to fool you into handing it over via phone calls. Never tell anyone your password over the phone. And be careful when you get an e-mail that asks for a password. It could be a deception. To help avoid problems, don’t use the same password everywhere, that’s like having one key that unlocks everything you own. The stakes are high if you lose it. Also, be careful if you use a computer that is not yours. Always remember to log out of each site you visit on a computer that isn’t yours. Passwords are an essential part of life online, and if we’re not careful about keeping them secret, they can cause big problems. By understanding the risks, and making passwords stronger, we can feel a little more secure.

16． To keep your sensitive information safe, your job is to create a password that is very______(3 words).

正确答案：hard to guess

解析：hard to guess文中说：如果犯罪分子得到密码，就可以进入银行账户和私人文件，得到你的钱。你应该创建一种难以猜测的密码。

17． Your password should not______(2 words)about you.

正确答案：include information

解析：include information文中说：你设置的密码不应该包含关于你的信息。

18． Consider this: in addition to______(2 words), phrases can also be easy to remember.

正确答案：single words

解析：single words文中说：设置密码时，应考虑除了使用单独的词，还可以使用容易记住的短语。

19． This password could still be stronger by adding upper-case letters, numbers or______(2 words).

正确答案：special characters

解析：special characters文中说：加写字母、数字或特殊字符，密码会更难以破解。

20． Always remember to______(3 words)each site you visit on a computer that isn’t yours.

正确答案：log out of 解析：log out of

VOCABULARY

Section A Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

21． ’s top executives are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of their base salaries.

A．optional B．qualified C．desirable D．casual

正确答案：B

解析：该句意为：的高层管理人员每年享受两次奖金，最多可相当于基本工资的45％。eligible：有资格享受(for)，合格的；optional：选修的，选择性的；qualified：合格的，胜任的；desirable：想要的，良好的，值得的；casual：随意的，不在乎的，漫不经心的

22． Ways have to be found to accommodate the special needs of these

left-behind children in rural areas.

A．satisfy B．occupy C．alter D．host

正确答案：A

解析：该句意为：必须想办法满足农村留守儿童的特殊需要。accommodate：适应，容纳，提供住处，消除(分歧)，符合；satisfy：满足，使……满意；occupy：占领，忙于；alter：改变；host：招待，举办，主人

23． The number of people with Alzheimer’s disease in the United States is projected to more than double by 2050.

A．devised B．thrust C．estimated D．encountered

正确答案：C

解析：该句意为：美国老年痴呆的患者预计到2050年将增加一倍以上。project：投影，预计；devise：设计；thrust：插入，刺；estimate：估计；encounter：遭遇，遇到

24． My supervisor, gentle and friendly, made me feel at ease from the first meeting with him.

A．at large B．at length C．at random D．at home

正确答案：D

解析：该句意为：我的导师温文尔雅，和蔼可亲，与他第一次见面后我再也不紧张了。at ease：放松，不紧张；at large：在逃，总体上；at length：最终，详细；atrandom：随意，随机；at home：在家，国内，放松的，舒服的，熟悉的

25． I searched the library to see what I could learn about the massacre, but nothing turned up.

A．was recommended B．was found

C．was understood D．was clarified

正确答案：B

解析：该句意为：我到图书馆寻找我需要的书，看是否能了解有关大的

情况，但一无所获。turn up：向上卷，增加，出现，露面，发生，被发现；recommend：推荐，建议；clarify：说明，澄清

26． Geraldine Ferraro said that whoever coined the term ObamaCare was brilliant.

A．came upon B．broke down C．made up D．drew on

正确答案：C

解析：该句意为：Geraldine Ferraro说，不管谁发明了ObamaCare(奥巴马医改)这个词，都是个聪明人。coin：硬币，编造(词)；come upon：偶然遇到；break down：打破，分解，克服，出毛病，失控(情绪)；make up：构成，编造；draw upon：利用

27． Upon learning that his mother was gravely ill, he wasted no time getting to the hospital.

A．suddenly B．moderately C．seriously D．genetically

正确答案：C

解析：该句意为：一得知自己的妈妈病情严重，他迅速赶往医院。gravely：严重地，严肃地；suddenly：突然；moderately：适度地：seriously：严重地，认真地；genetically：基因上

28． It requires uncompromising efforts to develop these residences into true homes for our underprivileged citizens.

A．unproductive B．unyielding C．uninviting D．unintentional

正确答案：B

解析：该句意为：把这些住房开发成贫困百姓真正的家园需要不懈的努力。uncompromising：坚定的，不屈服的，坚强的；unproductive：生产效率低的，不多产的；unyielding：不屈的；uninviting：不诱人的，没有吸引力的；unintentional：不是故意的

29． Snow is not predicted for today; we can expect some rain, though. A．although B．therefore

C．yet

D．however

正确答案：D

解析：该句意为：预报今天不下雪，但有可能下雨。连词though的主要意义是“尽管”，相当于“although”，但也可充当副词，前面要有逗号，意义为“但是”。

30． At that time, there was a wealth of evidence that Japan was planning war in the Pacific.

A．abundant B．valuable C．expensive D．priceless

正确答案：A 解析：该句意为：那时，有大量证据表明日本在策划太平洋战争。a wealth of：充分的，大量的；abundant：充足的，大量的；valuable：宝贵的；expensive：贵的；priceless：无价的

Section B Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

31． This old man developed nerve damage to his brain, ______him nearly disabled.

A．leaving B．keeping C．allowing D．causing

正确答案：A

解析：该句意为：这位老人脑神经受损，几乎成了残疾人。本题考查leave的用法。由于allow和cause不能用形容词充当宾补，可以不考虑这两个词。虽然keep可接双宾语，但意义与leave不同，其含义是“保持”，经常有人为的因素，而leave的特殊意义是“使……长期……”，往往与表达不理想状态的词连用，如dead，injured，poor，sad或weak等。

32． These discoveries have opened up new______in the field of cancer research.

A．rainbows B．horizons

C．altitudes D．paradoxes

正确答案：B 解析：该句意为：这些发现为癌症研究领域开辟了可实现的新目标。rainbow：彩虹；horizon：地平线，视野，可做到的事情；altitude：高度；paradox：自相矛盾

33． Some politicians in Japan still believe that the Nanjing Massacre is nothing but a______.

A．novel B．flaw C．truth D．myth

正确答案：D

解析：该句意为：日本的许多政客仍然认为南京大纯属虚构。novel：小说，新颖的；flaw：瑕疵，缺陷；truth：真理，实际情况，真实；myth：神话，错误的认识

34． Many people choose to be honest when creating their online______to make future dating easier.

A．pretexts B．prepositions C．profiles D．protests

正确答案：C

解析：该句意为：在创建网上个人资料时，许多人选择实话实说，以方便将来的约会。pretext：借口，理由；preposition：介词；profile：个人介绍，轮廓，侧影；protest：

35． Several large studies have found______lower odds of heart disease among regular nut eaters.

A．confidently B．consistently C．conceptually D．contemptuously

正确答案：B

解析：该句意为：几项广泛研究发现，经常吃坚果的人患心脏病的概率一直较低。confidently：有信心地，自信地；consistently：一贯，一直不变地，始终；conceptually：概念上地；contemptuously：蔑视地

36． The boss needs a workout program that perfectly______his busy schedule. A．turns into B．falls into C．looks into D．fits into

正确答案：D

解析：该句意为：老板所需的健身计划要完全适合他的日常安排。turn into：变成；fall into：落入……之中，分为……类；look into：调查；fitinto：适合，与……一致

37． A glimpse______our solar system reveals the neighborhood outside the sun’s influence is stranger than expected.

A．into B．at C．by

D．beyond

正确答案：D

解析：该句意为：向太阳系以外观测，就会发现太阳影响范围以外的区域十分奇特，超出我们的预料。本题考查介词用法。如果向太阳系之内观察，就不会看到太阳系以外的景象。只有超越太阳系，才能欣赏到奇特的世界。建议学生多研究beyond的特殊意义。

38． It has never______to me that an intimate knowledge of English grammar can be so useful.

A．occurred B．happened C．turned D．conformed

正确答案：A

解析：该句意为：我从未想到过精通英语语法如此重要。occur to：想到；happen to：发生……身上，遇到；turn to：转向，求助于；conform to：与……一致

39． The FDA is expected to require safety studies on e-cigarettes and______their use.

A．regulate B．recollect C．rebound D．rehearse

正确答案：A

解析：该句意为：期望食品与药品管理局要求对电子香烟做安全性研究并监管其使用。regulate：调节，管理；recollect：回忆；rebound：反弹；rehearse：彩排，演练

40． Teenagers can become______and hard to handle if every single decision is taken away from them.

A．obedient B．cooperative C．rebellious D．aesthetic

正确答案：C

解析：该句意为：如果青少年没有任何决策权，他们就可能产生叛逆心理，不好管教。obedient：听话的，服从的；cooperative：合作的，共同的；rebellious：造反的，反叛的；aesthetic：美学的，美的

CLOZE

“A better, richer and happier life for all our citizens.” That’s the American【C1】______. In practice, it means living in a spacious, air-conditioned house, owning a car or three and maybe a boat or a holiday home, not to mention flying off to【C2】______destinations. The trouble【C3】______this lifestyle is that it consumes a lot of power. If everyone in the world started living like wealthy Americans, we【C4】______need to generate more than 10 times【C5】______energy each year. And【C6】______, in a century or three, we all expect to be【C7】______by an army of robots and fly into space on holidays, we are going to need a vast amount more. Where are we going to get so much power from? It is clear that continuing to rely on【C8】______fuels will have catastrophic results, because of the dramatic warming effect of carbon dioxide. But alternative power sources will affect the climate too. For now, the climatic effects of “clean energy” sources are trivial【C9】______those from greenhouse gases, but if we keep on using ever more power over the coming centuries, they will become ever more【C10】______.

41． 【C1】 A．constitution B．dream C．history D．character

正确答案：B

解析：文章的第一句是“所有公民享受更美好、更富裕和更幸福的生活”，这显然不是(constitution)的内容，也不是美国人的性格(character)，更像奋斗的目标，所以选dream。

42． 【C2】 A．exotic B．patriotic C．supersonic D．alcoholic

正确答案：A

解析：在第一段最后一句中，空白处前面谈到游艇、别墅，都是带来享受的东西，因此表明空白处也是美好的体验之一。patriotic：爱国的；supersonic：超音速的；alcoholic：酒精的，酗酒的人；exotic：国外的，非本地的，有异国特点的。选择exotic最合适，意义为出国旅游。

43． 【C3】 A．on B．for C．at D．with

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查介词与名词的组合。名词problem和trouble经常接with，翻译为“……的问题”。

44． 【C4】 A．shall B．will C．should D．would

正确答案：D

解析：空白前面的从句动词形式是started，表明这是虚拟语气，那么主句应使用would。

45． 【C5】 A．much more B．more than C．as much D．of more

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查倍数的表达。使用倍数时，最重要的是词序，要避免受汉语句子词序的影响。倍数词(times)与后面的名词组合通常有三种形式：(1)…times asmuch energy as．．．；(2)…times+量词(age和weight等)，如he is twice myage；(3)…times more energy than…，不可接of。

46． 【C6】 A．if

B．though C．while D．so

正确答案：A

解析：该空白处的答案不容易选择，需要考虑与后面句子意义的关系。使用机器人或到太空旅游肯定增加能源的消费，有因果关系，选择though或while不合适。如果选择so，则与上句的意义相矛盾，理由是使用众多的机器人和到太空休假不利于节省能源。第二段前几句已表明我们追求的生活方式是浪费能源，空白处后面的主句说明需要更多的能源，选择if最合适。

47． 【C7】 A．taken to B．attended to C．attached to D．submitted to

正确答案：B

解析：take to：喜欢上；attend to：照料，处理，招待；be attached to：附属，喜欢；submit to：屈服。be attended to by an army of robots：由很多机器人当仆人。

48． 【C8】 A．rock B．stone C．fossil D．diamond

正确答案：C

解析：英语中经常见到fossil fuels的使用，意义是“化石燃料”，主要指石油和煤炭。

49． 【C9】 A．according to B．based on C．such as

D．compared with

正确答案：D

解析：空白处前面一句的意义是“清洁能源对气候的影响不大”，而后面的几个词的含义是“温室效应对气候的影响”，两者之间不存在“根据”(according to)或“包括”(such as)的关系，也没有“基于”的可能性，而compared with说

明：与“温室效应对气候的影响”相比，前者就是小巫见大巫了。这是compared with(to)的典型用法之一。

50． 【C10】 A．significant B．imperative C．indispensable D．negligible

正确答案：A

解析：短文最后一句说明，虽然目前清洁能源的负面影响不大，但随着使用量的增加，迟早也会产生重大影响。句中but表明后面句子的意义与trivial相反。significant：重要的，显著的；imperative：重要的；indispensable：必不可少的；negligible：可忽略不计的

READING COMPREHENSION

As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago or an old acquaintance’s name. As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a detrimental impact on our professional, social, and personal well-being. Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. Thinking is essentially a process of making neural connections in the brain. Because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort. A new company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program,” called Lumosity to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That’s because they have integrated these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. Apparently it works. In randomized, controlled clinical trials Lumosity was shown to significantly improve basic cognitive functions. One study showed students improved their scores on math tests by 34 percent after using Lumosity for six weeks. The company says its users have reported clearer and quicker thinking, improved memory, increased alertness and awareness, elevated mood, and better concentration at work or while driving. While many of the games at Lumosity are free, a modest subscription fee is required to use the full program over the long term. However,

Lumosity is currently offering a free trial of their program to new users so that you can see how well it works before you decide to subscribe. The company believes the results will speak for themselves.

51． What can we learn about “senior moments”? A．They are nothing to be worried about. B．They happen to each middle-aged person. C．They mostly happen to the elders. D．They are signs of declining memory.

正确答案：D

解析：文章第一段第三句有senior moments，并明确说明senior moments指的是前面提到的现象，包括过一会儿就忘了把钥匙放在哪了和记不得老熟人的名字，显然与记忆有关。后面接着说，这些现象不可忽视。第一句有many people，并不是each，而且句中还有middle age，并不是指老年人。综上所述，选择D。

52． Neuroscientists are beginning to find that______. A．cognitive functions can be improved by mental effort B．intelligence varies with the amount of physical exercise C．senior moments are quite useful at work

D．our brain and muscles should be trained differently

正确答案：A

解析：该题与第二段有关。文中说，神经学家发现可采取许多方法改进大脑的认知能力。同肌肉一样，大脑也需要锻炼，合适的脑力锻炼(workout)极有助于大脑的健康。而且，锻炼大脑(mental effort)可决定智力。这说明选项A的合理性。

53． From Paragraph 3, it can be concluded that Lumosity______. A．is just an online place to exercise your mental skills B．requires the users to keep doing the same games

C．is a set of exercises intended for the mentally-retarded D．can help users make improvement in the brain

正确答案：D

解析：第三段的句子Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise yourmental skills说明选项A与题意不符。该段最后一句有it constantly modifiesand enhances the games you play，这表明不是play the same games。此外，文中没有任何证据表明Lumosity是针对弱智人的。该段第三句有这样的描述：allows you to systematically improve you

54． Clinical trials have proved that Lumosity______. A．is better than reported

B．is highly effective and beneficial

C．should be under strict control D．leaves much to be desired

正确答案：B

解析：文章第四段说明Lumosity的神奇功能，不仅能提高数学分数，还能全方位地改善大脑的工作状态。

55． Which of the following statements is true about Lumosity? A．Access to these games is quite expensive.

B．Chronic users have to pay for the access to the games. C．All the games at Lumosity are free of charge. D．Access to the games is limited to subscribers.

正确答案：B

解析：文章最后一段明确说明，有些游戏是免费使用的，但长期使用所有程序需要交少量的订购费。

56． The main purpose in writing this passage is to______. A．present the new findings of neuroscientists

B．remind the middle-aged to take physical exercise C．describe how Lumosity came into being

D．introduce how braining training makes you smarter

正确答案：D

解析：文章首先提到中年人遇到的问题，主要是记忆力下降，然后引用了神经学家的近期发现，但文章的主题是介绍Lumosity的特点和效果。

According to psychology professor Carol Dweck of Stanford University, “Praising children for being smart can backfire.” If this doesn’t get the attention of Millennium parents, I’m not sure what will. It is my observation that so many parents today believe that if their child appears to be the least bit “advanced” for his age, he’s destined to be the next Albert Einstein, Tiger Woods, or Bill Gates. It’s human nature for mom and dad to show much admiration for their child and dish out praise for accomplishments achieved. The problem is, according to this study, parents may not be doing the best thing by praising their child for his intelligence. Dweck’s research involved junior high students in New York and concluded that “classroom performance improved when her study subjects believed the brain is like a muscle that can grow.” Students who “focused on the learning process(effort, concentration or strategies used)asked for feedback and did better in all subjects.” Feedback such as, “You did well because you worked so hard” or “You used so many descriptive words to make this story interesting” can encourage children to try new things, as they are being rewarded for their effort. When the “time and effort” strategy is being positively reinforced, the child will probably use the same strategy next time they are learning something. Over time new strategies can be introduced, so the

child’s repertoire of strategies is broadened. Dweck goes on to say that “they(students who improved)performed better because their success was being measured by effort, not by test scores or grades.” Parents should praise effort, not just results. Children who received praise about their innate abilities(talents or strengths)had less chance of trying new things and became anxious and under-performed as things became more difficult. That is one of the greatest dangers to continually praising children for whatever they do in order to falsely raise a child’s self-esteem. What are mom and dad to do? Offer genuine praise and encouragement for efforts and successes, but balance this with setting appropriate expectations and following up with consequences when the child falls short due to laziness. Don’t make excuses. Your child will better face the challenges life has to offer in the future when you as a parent recognize the efforts he is making today.

57． The underlined word “backfire” in the first paragraph probably means______.

A．create some miracles

B．produce an undesirable result C．be negligible to some extent D．be motivating and inspiring

正确答案：B

解析：从第一段的内容中不容易找到答案，最好是阅读全篇后决定backfire的真正含义。第一段后一句的含义是：如果本世纪的家长们对此不重视，那么我就不知道还有什么值得重视。显然，这种现象不是可忽视的。

58． Which of the following can be considered proper feedback?

A．You did really well on this spelling test, you must have spent hours practising your words.

B．Oh, honey, you’re so smart—that failing grade won’t matter anyway. C．This is a wonderful painting. What a great artist you are! D．You did really well on this spelling test. You are very clever.

正确答案：A 解析：从第三段第三句的例子中可发现正确的反馈形式的特点。不论是老师还是家长，都应突出学生投人的时间和付出的努力，而不是夸奖孩子有多聪明。选项A符合这一特点。

59． A child who is praised for his effort and strategy is likely to______. A．have his learning strategies increased B．feel inferior to the smart children C．have falsely high self-esteem

D．expect more praise and encouragement

正确答案：A

解析：第三段最后一句说明，最终，学生可能尝试新的学习方法，而且掌握的方法越来越多(repertoire of strategies is broadened)。

60． Praising a child for his talent may______. A．encourage him to try new things B．motivate him to make greater efforts C．leave him less prepared for challenges D．put his life at risk in case of failure

正确答案：C

解析：第四段后两句说明praise children for their talents的不良后果，包括不愿尝试新东西，遇到难题就表现欠佳，甚至形成不健康的自尊心理。选项C与题意符合。

61． The author’s advice to parents is______. A．to expose the child to greater challenges B．not to expect too much of a child

C．to forbid the child to make any excuses

D．to combine praise with constructive criticism

正确答案：D

解析：文章最后一段为家长提出一些忠告。一方面，家长要鼓励孩子努力获得成功；另一方面，家长也要提出自己期望达到的目标。如果因为懒惰而辜负了家长的期望，孩子应承担相应的后果，不能只是表扬，不去告诫。

62． Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage? A．Never Praise Your Child for Any of His Achievements B．Praise Your Child, But Not for Being Smart C．How to Reward a Child for His Effort D．Praise—A Must for the Child’s Future

正确答案：B 解析：文章的中心思想不是建议家长从不表扬学生，也不是说表扬是必要的手段，而是强调合适的表扬方式，也就是要表扬孩子的努力，不要夸他多么聪明。

As a new matchmaker, Internet dating sites promise two cutting edges: a vastly greater choice of potential partners and scientifically proven way of matching suitable people together. The greater choice is unarguable. But does it lead to better outcomes? And do the “scientifically tested methods” actually work? These are the questions asked by a team of psychologists led by Eli Finkel. The researchers’ first observation is how any of the much-boasted partner-matching methods actually works. Many firms preserve their intellectual property as trade secrets, and there is no reason why Internet dating sites should not be among them. But this renders claims of

effectiveness impossible to test objectively. There is thus no independent scientific evidence that any of these methods does enhance the chance of their hitting it off when they meet. It is possible to test the value of a claim that they match people with compatible personality traits. However, Dr. Dyrenforth asked more than 20,000 people about their relationships and assessed their personalities. Members of couples with similar personalities were indeed happier than those without. But the difference was just 0.5%. Surely, the chances of finding that magic other are increased by the second thing Internet dating brings: a multitude of choice. But here, too, things are not as simple as they might seem. An assumption behind all consumer decisions is that what people think they want is what they actually need. And the data suggest people are not good at knowing what they want. One of Dr. Finkel’s own studies showed that when they are engaged in speed dating, people’s stated preferences at the beginning of the process do not well match the characters of the individuals they actually like. When faced with abundant choices, people pay less attention to characteristics that require thinking and conversation to evaluate and more to physical matters. Choice, in other words, dulls the critical faculties. Finkel’s conclusion is that love is as hard to find on the Internet as elsewhere. You may be just as likely to luck out in the local cafe, or by acting on the impulse to stop and talk to that stranger on the street whose glance you caught, as you are by clicking away with a mouse and hoping that, one day, Cupid’s arrow will strike.

63． The effectiveness of the dating sites is difficult to verify scientifically because they______.

A．keep their intellectual property secret B．have two cutting edges

C．adopt strange matching methods D．are good at deception as evidenced

正确答案：A

解析：文章第三段第二、三句说明，许多公司把知识产权看作是商业秘密，婚介公司也不例外，因此他人无法客观评价这些公司的业绩(effectiveness)。

． The expression “hit it off” in Paragraph 3 probably means______. A．say goodbye B．get along well C．get hurt

D．dislike each other

正确答案：B 解析：第三段最后一句说，没有任何科学证据表明这些网站采用的方法能提高hit itoff的可能性。介绍对象时，人人都希望俩人能和睦相处，走向婚姻的殿堂。从上下文可以看出，hit it off是人们希望看到的结果。

65． Dr. Dyrenforth found that couples with different personalities______. A．were much less happy than those with similar personalities

B．were more likely to divorce than those with similar personalities C．were almost as happy as those with similar personalities D．were much happier than those with similar personalities

正确答案：C 解析：第四段讲，婚介网站宣称的优势之一就是把性格相似的人撮合在一起，以便减少摩擦。但Dyrenforth的调查结果是，性格相似的夫妇确实比性格不同的夫妇更幸福些，但差异不大，幸福指数仅仅相差0．5％。这说明性格不是幸福的决定因素。

66． According to Paragraph 6, the abundance of choices offered by the dating sites______.

A．can increase the chance of finding ideal partners B．helps people become better aware of what they want C．diverts attention from other mental qualities

D．leads to exclusive concern with one’s appearance

正确答案：C

解析：第六段最后两句与该选项有关。这两句的大意是：当人挑花眼时，就注重外表(physical)，而忽略了需要推理和交谈才能了解的个人特点，也就是通常说的“内秀”。选择太多了就意味着看谁都好。

67． Finkel’s conclusion is that______.

A．it is impossible to find true love on the Internet wherever you are

B．you are as likely to find love through chance encounters as via the Internet C．you are more likely to find love through these online dating sites D．you can find love more easily by talking to a stranger on the street

正确答案：B

解析：最后一段提到了Finkel的结论：不论是通过互联网，还是通过其他方式，真爱难寻。不论你是到附近的酒吧，还是一时冲动与大街上的陌生人搭话，或是上网，运气都是一样。这意味着婚介网站的成功率并不像宣传的那样神奇。

68． The researchers’ attitude towards these Internet dating sites is______. A．suspicion B．confidence C．objection

D．recommendation

正确答案：A

解析：文章第二段就有两个问号，预示作者的怀疑态度。作者首先阐明无法证明婚介网站使用的方法是否有效，然后又质疑了匹配方法的科学性，最后指出

可供选择的对象多并不意味着就能不走眼，得出的结论是所有找对象的方式在成功率上无显著差异。

Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorist’s hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a driver’s attention to an alarming extent. Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100 kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking. They also explored the effect of simply listening to something—such as a radio programme. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stoker’s “Dracula.” Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger. Dr. Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brain’s resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not. Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible—especially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And they’ll be more likely to arrive in one piece.

69． Which body part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving? A．Hands. B．Feet. C．Eyes. D．The brain.

正确答案：D

解析：第一段第二、三句说最新的研究结果显示，开车打电话的危险主要不是对司机手部动作的影响，而是对大脑的影响。即使使用免提电话也会对司机的注意力产生惊人的影响。

70． In Kunar and Horowitz’s experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking______.

A．reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakes B．reacted more quickly, but made more mistakes C．reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakes D．reacted more slowly and made more mistakes

正确答案：D

解析：第二段Kunar和Horowitz的实验显示，在完成任务同时需要分心说话的受试者反应速度平均慢212毫秒，而且错误率也高出83％。

71． According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking______. A．affects drivers more than a phone conversation B．affects drivers more than listening to a story

C．has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversation D．has less effect on the drivers than listening to a story

正确答案：C

解析：第三段介绍了听广播和听乘客聊天对司机反应力的影响。第二、三句说在Kunar和Horowitz的实验中虽然受试者被告知要注意听故事，随后会问他们有关故事的问题，但听故事对他们的反应时间没有什么影响。犹他大学FrankDrews的研究证实听乘客闲聊也是相同的结果。说明听故事和听乘客说话这两者作用相当，都没有打电话对司机的影响大。

72． The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving______. A．is necessary and feasible B．has been frequendy broken C．will arouse heated debate D．has been widely observed

正确答案：B 解析：最后一段第一句说，即使在车外就可以看到驾驶者开车时使用手持电话通话这种非法行为，对他们进行惩罚都非常困难。说明经常有人会违法开车打电话。

73． The best hope of stopping people using hands-free phones lies with______. A．the lawmakers B．car manufacturers C．drivers themselves D．new technology

正确答案：C

解析：最后一段第二、三句说阻止人们使用免提电话几乎就是不可能的，特

别是因为越来越多的汽车都已经把提供电话免提功能作为了标配。唯一的方法就是劝说大家在开车时直接关掉电话。说明仅靠制定法律是不够的，必须说服司机主动放弃开车打电话的习惯。

74． The purpose of the passage is to______.

A．inform people of the danger of using phones while driving

B．call on lawmakers to make new road laws on the use of cell phones C．offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phones while driving D．weigh the benefits and harms of using phones when driving

正确答案：A

解析：参见文章介绍。

In these times of fast media and ever-growing Internet, we are under so many external influences that it is anything but easy to think for ourselves. Unless you are a cunning, very aware person, you most likely don’t even know when your thinking is not your own. Not that all outside influence is bad to form your own views, but being unable to think for yourself can make you miserable at best, or a puppet of someone else’s programming, at worst. Admittedly, we are all born into societies or cultures where the norms and customs are already established. We have little choice but to conform to what is already in place. This is not necessarily a bad thing, however, it can be confining and controlling if we accept everything blindly and never question the status quo. Does this mean all of your ideas can be original and unlike everyone else’s? Not at all! Nor does it require being contrary and argumentative just to be defiant or stand out. To think for yourself means that whatever opinions you hold will be well thought out and arise from thorough investigation and thoughtful analysis. It means choosing not to compromise the facts for the sake of consensus or fitting in. It is not unlike critical thinking—it just brings about a broader scope of choices and decision-making in your life. For example, how many of us feel the need to keep up with “the latest”? We wear clothes, listen to music and follow trends that the media tells us we should in order to be cool. Marketing companies create ads that tempt us into a herd mentality as we fall into debt, wear fashions that are unbecoming, and get caught up in a cycle of over-spending and then stressing out over it. We are living lives designed for us by the powers without our conscious participation. Another trap we fall into when we don’t think for ourselves is groupthink. Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that takes place within a group of people who try to avoid conflict and reach agreement without critically evaluating options or alternative ideas. The problem with groupthink is that it hinders finding the best solutions, impedes creative ideas and frustrates independent thinking. Wanting to be part of the crowd can certainly have its drawbacks!

75． It can be learned from the first paragraph that______.

A．it is necessary to take one’s own interest into consideration B．a clever person is always obedient and unselfish C．independent thinking doesn’t come easily to us D．the Internet has made humans more thoughtful

正确答案：C

解析：文章第一段第一句说明，多媒体和互联网的影响无所不在，我们很难做到思考，形成自己的主见(anything but easy)。think for oneself的确切含义是“思考”，而不是“考虑自己”或“为自己思考”。

76． Trying to conform to established ideas______. A．is something you can easily avoid doing B．is sometimes what we can’t help doing C．can seldom do any good to you D．rarely happens in modern society

正确答案：B

解析：文章第三段说明我们有时处于无奈的境地。我们没出生之前，社会的行为准则和习俗早已根深蒂固，因此我们别无选择，只能适应现实(conform to what isalready in place)。

77． The ability to think for yourself means that______. A．your ideas have to be novel and unique B．your should never use critical thinking

C．you should try to be defiant and well-known

D．your opinions are based on facts and contemplation

正确答案：D

解析：文章第四、五段对think for oneself进行了界定。第四段的意义否定了选项A。第五段的中心思想是，思考指的是你的任何观点都源自于认真思考、彻底的调查和深入的分析。思考也意味着不为了巴结别人而歪曲事实。思考与批评性思考(critical thinking)相似。总之，就是要深人思考、实事求是。

78． Paragraph 6 is mainly concerned with______. A．what we must do to learn to think for ourselves B．the prevalent outside influence on our lives C．the numerous mistakes we make in daily life D．the negative impact of TV commercials on us

正确答案：B

解析：第六段列举了种种外力对我们的影响，如追时髦、装酷、购时装、高消费和透支。最后一句说明，某些巨大力量设计了我们的生活。该段的目的之一是说明我们不容易有自己的主见。

79． From the last paragraph, it can be concluded that groupthink______. A．can lead to the loss of individual creativity

B．contributes little to group harmony and cohesion C．cares about alternative or different ideas D．encourages independent thinking eventually

正确答案：A

解析：最后一段解释groupthink(趋同思维)的意义和危害。groupthink的定义是：为了团体的团结和谐，团体成员不去客观评价其他意见或建议。文章指出groupthink impedes creative ideas(妨碍有创意的想法)。

80． The purpose in writing this passage is to______. A．define what is independent thinking B．tell us how to develop original ideas C．describe the consequence of groupthink D．urge people to think for themselves

正确答案：D

解析：见本篇介绍。

TRANSLATION

Section A Put the following paragraph into Chinese.

81． Excessive dependence on automobiles has profound negative impacts on human health: decreased opportunities for physical activity, increased exposure to air pollution, raised vulnerability to chronic diseases and the mounting incidence of traffic crashes that alone cost a staggering $180 billion. The determination of the magnitude of the health impact is notoriously so tricky as to end up with an astronomical figure probably. No calculation can be complete without formulating practical standards or models for estimating health costs. Costs associated with obesity, breathing illness, and injuries are evidenced by research. Growing recognition of the close connection between transportation, social cohesion and health has resulted in some studies that have achieved compelling findings.

正确答案： 过度依赖汽车对人类健康有着重大的负面影响：锻炼的机会越来越少、接触的空气污染越来越多、患慢性病的概率越来越大、交通事故的频率越来越高，仅此类事故一项造成的损失就高达1800亿美元，令人吃惊。众所周知，确定对健康影响的程度特别困难，结果很可能是个天文数字。只有制定了估算健康费用的标准和模型，计算才能是完整无缺的。与肥胖、呼吸系统疾病和受伤相关的费用可从科研中找到证据。人们越来越意识到交通、社会凝聚力和健康之间关系密切，因此完成了一些科研项目，并取得了令人信服的科研成果。

Section B Put the following paragraph into English.

82． 在21世纪，全球化和数字化已经把世界变成地球村。文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响存。一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将继续致力于改革开放，用和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

正确答案： In the 21st century, globalization and digitalization have turned the world into a global village. Culture will no longer develop in an isolated way, but instead co-exists amid interactions / mutual influence. The amount of contribution a nation makes(How much contribution that a nation can make)to human cultures increasingly depends on her ability to assimilate foreign culture and renew herself. China will continue to be committed to reform and opening-up and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a harmonious way.

WRITING

83． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “What We Can Learn from Lei Feng(雷锋).” Your writing should cover the following items:1. What is great about Lei Feng;2. What we can learn from him;3. The importance of Lei Feng Spirit in contemporary China.

正确答案： What We Can Learn from Lei Feng Lei Feng, a name known to almost each Chinese, has been a symbol of helpfulness since the 1960s. Although he died quite young, he devoted his short life to doing countless good deeds. His behavior embodies many of our traditional virtues. There are many things we can learn from him, such as patriotism, generosity, nobleness and deep love for ordinary people, whatever job Lei Fei was assigned to, he would endeavor to do it well. The most important quality we should learn from him is the willingness to help those in need in our daily lives. In contemporary China, people are getting increasingly money-minded. It is not uncommon for people to think of everything in terms of money. If all of us can take Lei Feng as a role model, we can help create a society of mutual care, where one’s value is judged by the contributions made to society. In this case, it won’t be long before China becomes a country in which more people will behave as Lei Feng did.