动名词 附练习

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

一、动名词的作用

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、 做主语

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。

* 动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

2、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

1

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practice, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如：

They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。

（2）作介词的宾语

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？

（3）作形容词的宾语

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

2

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

二、动名词的逻辑主语

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：

Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)

3

在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：

Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。

Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。

在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：

a.无命名词

The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？

三、动名词的时态和语态

4

动名词的时态和语态如下图所示：

语态 主动语态 被动语态

时态

一般式 writing being written

完成式 having written having been written

其否定形式是在doing前加上not

1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：

I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：

5

I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：

I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

6

动名词专项练习题

Ⅰ、单项选择：

1. No one enjoys _______ at.

A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed

2. You must do something to prevent your house _______.

A. to be broken in B. from being broken in

C. to break in D. from breaking in

3. They insisted on _______ another chance to try.

A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given

4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.

--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time.

A. to put；to take B. putting；taking

C. putting；to take D. to put；taking

5. His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.

7

A. painting；painted B. painted；painting

C. painting；painting D. painted；painted

6. After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.

A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write

7. The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.

A. looking after B. to look after

C. to be looked after D. taken good care of

8. Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.

A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning

C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning

9. She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.

A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed

10. She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.

A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study

8

11. Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.

A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back

12. As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.

A. hear；post B. hearing；to post

C. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting

13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.

A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing

14. Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

15. We appreciate _______ us to the ball.

A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

16. Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.

A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out

C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out

9

17. He was afraid _______ for being late.

A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen

18. I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.

A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off

19. I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______.

A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helped

C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped

20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.

A. doing；being done B. doing；doing

C. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done

21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work.

A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing

22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.

A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post

10

23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.

A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caught D. catching

24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.

A. must have left；to take B. may leave；taking

C. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking

25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.

A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard

26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.

A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laugh

C. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing

27. It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes.

A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent

28. The sentence needs _______.

A. improve B. a improvement C. improving D. improved

11

29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.

A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for

30. I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.

A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take

Ⅱ、填入动名词的适当形式：

1. Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay)

2. I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)

3. She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)

4. To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)

5. We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come)

6. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)

7. She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).

8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)

9. He came to the party without _______. (invite)

12

Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：

1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.

2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.

3.你写完作文了吗?

4.请原谅我来晚了.

5.他不声不响地走了进来.

6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.

13

动名词专项练习题参考答案

Ⅰ、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C

11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A

21.D 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.C

Ⅱ、1.staying 2.laughing 3.working

4.writing; painting 5.coming 6.having saved

7.being criticized 8.winning 9.being invited

Ⅲ、1.My favourite sport is swimming.

2.It's no use going there today. He won't be in；(can't be in).

3.Have you finished writing your composition?

4.Excuse me for being；(coming)；late.

5.He entered the room without making any noise.

6.He entered the room without being seen.

14