英语四级翻译模拟题4

（十六）在中国，当有客人来访时，泡茶(serve tea)是必不可少的。你可提前询问客人最喜欢喝什么茶以便选用最佳茶具(tea set)来待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要非常注意茶壶以及客人茶杯中的茶水剩余量。通常，如茶已喝去一半，就要添加茶水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度(concentration)不变和温度适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以点心、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和缓解饥饿感之功效。 参考答案:

In China, it is necessary to serve tea to visitors. You can ask them about which kind of tea they fancy most in advance so as to serve them with the most appropriate tea set. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water remained in the kettle and in the cups of the guests. Usually, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed, and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same concentration and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one´s hunger. 答题解析:

1．第一句中，“当有客人来访时”可译为when there’re visitors，但比较啰嗦，不如直译为visitors简练；“泡茶是必不可少的”可用it一句型，其中it作形式主语，译为it is necessary to…。

2．第二句中，“最喜欢喝什么茶”作“询问”的宾语，可译为which kind of tea they fancy most；“以便”还可译为in order to(do)，with the aim of(doing)，for the purpose of(doing)。

3．第三句中，“在陪伴客人饮茶时”指的是饮茶过程，所以译为In the course of serving tea；“茶水剩余量”可译为how much water remained。

4．第四句中，“添加茶水”使用被动语态，用“茶水”作主语，译为boiling water should be added；“随喝随添”指的是保持茶杯是满的，所以译为the cup is kept filled。

5．第五句中，“调节口味”指的是用点心、糖果、菜肴等来补充茶的香味，可译

为complement the fragrance of the tea；“缓解饥饿感”可泽为allay one’s hunger。

（十七）秦朝是第一个统一(unify)中国的朝代。秦始皇作为中国的首个皇帝而被人们所记住。他以绝对的权威进行无情的统治，甚至破坏了与他的理念不一致的古代惯例和文学。虽然秦朝只持续了15年，但它对于中国文化的影响是巨大的。它引入了封建制度(feudal system)，并使之成为了帝制中国的核心特征。它标准化了度量衡、货币以及书面语。它还完成了巨大的基础设计建设(infrastructure projects)，包括最早期的长城。 参考答案:

The Qin Dynasty was the first to unify China, and Qin Shi Huang is remembered as China´s first emperor. He ruled ruthlessly with absolute authority and even destroyed ancient practices or literature not corresponding to his ideas. Although the Qin Dynasty lasted only 15 years, it made a tremendous difference on Chinese culture. The feudal system was introduced and became a central feature of imperial China. Weights and measures, currency and the written language were all standardized. Huge infrastructure projects were completed, including the earliest Great Wall. 答题解析:

1．第一句和第二句是并列关系，所以可将这两句合译，用and连接，这样逻辑关系更紧密；“统一中国”可译为unify China；“作为……被人们所记住”可用be remembered as…来表达。

2．第三句中，“以绝对的权威”和“无情的”都作“统治”的状语，分别译为介词短语with absolute authority和副词ruthlessly。

3．第四句中，翻译“虽然……但……”时，英文句子中不能同时出现although和but。

4．最后三句的主语都是“它”，指代“秦朝”，但中文多主动，英文多被动，所以翻译这三个句子时，均应译为被动语态。

（十八）在中国，书法(calligraphy)在传统艺术领域占据了一个独特的位置。它不仅是一种沟通的方式，而且是一个人在审美方面表达内心世界的渠道。古代人非

常重视书法。这是很重要的能力，考生可以凭借它在科举考试(imperial examination)中展现出自己的文才，因为它能给考官留下第一印象。高官的子女不得不努力使自己写得一手好字，甚至是帝王自己也要擅长书法。 参考答案:

In China calligraphy occupies a distinguished position in the field of traditional art. It is not only a means of communication, but also a means of expressing a person´s inner world in an aesthetic sense. Ancient people paid great attention to calligraphy. It was the essential capability by which a candidate could manifest his literary talent in the imperial examination, for it left the first impression on the examiners. Children of high officials had to try to write a good hand, and even emperors themselves were expected to be good at calligraphy. 答题解析:

1．第一句中，“占据了一个独特的位置”还可译为has a unique place。 2．第二句中，“不仅……而且……”用not only…but also…来表达；“内心世界”译为inner world。

3．第三句中，“重视”还可译为attached importance to，thought highly of或took…seriously；注意从此句起时态要用过去时。 4．第四句中，“展现”还可用show来表达。

5．第五句中，“帝王自己也要……”意思是“帝王自己也被希望……”，所以译为emperors themselves were expected to…。

（十九）景泰蓝(cloisonne)是一种起源于元代北京的独特艺术。在明代的景泰年间，非常钟情于青铜制造技术(bronze—casting techniques)的君王发展了色彩加工技术，并且创造了迎合东方审美的亮蓝色。在一次加工技术的突破之后，此君王的大部分日常用具都由景泰蓝制成。很快地，景泰蓝在普通人当中变得流行起来。在清朝，景泰蓝得到了发展，并且达到了其艺术巅峰。颜色更加精关，使用范围也扩大了。 参考答案:

Cloisonne is a unique art form that originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty. In the period titled \"Jingtai\" during the Ming Dynasty, the emperor who was very attached

to bronze-casting techniques improved the color processing technology, and created the bright blue that catered to the Oriental aesthetic sense. After a breakthrough of processing technology, most articles for his daily use were made of cloisonne. Cloisonne became popular among the common people soon. During the Qing Dynasty, cloisonne had been improved further and reached its artistic summit. Colors were more delicate, and the scope of use was enlarged as well. 答题解析:

1．第一句中，“起源于元代北京的”应该使用定语从句，可译为that originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty。

2．第二句中，“非常钟情于青铜制造技术的”是一个较长的修饰语，应该使用定语从句，可译为who was very attached to bronze—casting techniques；“迎合”还可译为appealed to；“东方审美”可译为the Oriental aesthetic sense。

3．第三句中，“加工技术的突破”可译为a breakthrough of processing technology。 4．第四句中，“在普通人当中变得流行起来”可用became popular among the common people来表达。

5．第五句中，“达到了其艺术巅峰”可用reached its artistic summit来表达。

（二十）皮影戏(shadow play)是中国古老的民间传统艺术。据史书记载，它始于汉代，盛于唐宋。皮影(shadow puppet)最初由纸制成，后来改由驴皮或牛皮制作，因此而得名。皮影在中国乃至世界上都具有很高的艺术价值，被世界多国博物馆收藏。人们认为陕西的皮影戏最具代表性，西安的书院门文化街(Academy Gate Cultural Street)是购买皮影作为纪念品的绝佳之地。 参考答案:

Shadow play is a kind of traditional folk art in China. According to historical records, it originates from Han Dynasty, and prevails in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Shadow puppets were first made of paper, and later from hides of donkeys or oxen. That´s why it is called Pi Ying in mandarin. The shadow puppets are of high value of art in China and even in the world, many of which are now collected in several countries´ museums. Shadow play in Shaanxi is believed to be the most typical, and the Academy Gate Cultural Street in Xi´an, capital of Shaanxi Province, is an ideal place

to purchase shadow puppets as souvenirs.

答题解析:

1．第一句是一个简单句，使用“主语+be+表语”的句型。“中国古老的民间传统艺术”译为a kind of traditional folk art in China。

2．第二句由三个分句组成，后两个分句间为并列关系，因此翻译时使用连接词and。“据史书记载”译为According to historical records；“始于”译为originates from；“盛于”译为prevails in；“汉代”译为Han Dynasty；“唐宋”译为Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty，朝代的翻译要注意首字母大写。

3．第三句中，前面两个分句介绍的是皮影的制作原材料，而第三个分句说明皮影名称的由来。因此可将前两个分句合译，而将第三个分句单独翻译。前面两个分句在时间上是先后关系，而在内容上是并列关系，翻译时可用and连接。“由……制成”可以选用be made of／from，两者的区别在于be made of可以看出原材料，而be made from看不出原材料，因此“由纸制成”选用be made of更合适，而“由驴皮或牛皮制作”选用be made from更为合适。“驴皮或牛皮”可译为hides of donkeys or oxen。值得注意的是，“牛”的复数形式是oxen。“因此而得名”的含义为“这就是‘皮影’名字的由来”，采用惯用表达方式that’s why…。 4．第四句由两个分句组成，而且主语都为“皮影”。仔细分析两个分句发现，第一个分句更重要，因此可将第一个分句作为主句，而第二个分句可用which引导，译为非限制性定语从句。第一个分句的主体部分为“皮影具有很高的艺术价值”，可译为The shadow puppets are of high value of art；“在中国乃至世界上”作为地点状语，译为in China and even in the world。

5．第五句中，两个分句为并列关系，因此使用连接词and。第一个分句中，原句为主动语态，但在翻译时选用“皮影戏”作为主语，则需要译为被动语态。值得注意的是，“陕西”译为Shaanxi，“西安”译为Xi’an。在翻译第二个分句中的“西安”时，后面可以增译capital of Shaanxi Province，作为插入语。“绝佳之地”译为an ideal place，也可意译为a paradise；“纪念品”译为souvenirs。