汉英翻译篇章练习

茶，这一美妙的饮品原产地在中国。四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯了。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17世纪时，荷兰人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统，尤其在英国，下午茶的习俗由此而生。在19世纪之前，世界各地饮用的茶叶都来自中国。英文中茶叶译为tea, 就是根据中文的音译（福建读音）。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。

Tea, the wonderful drink, was originated in China. 4000 years ago, Chinese had a custom of tea drinking. In Tang Dynasty, combined tea seed and Zen Buddhism thought which were introduced simultaneously to Japan by Japanese monk from China, tea ceremony formed and became world-famous. In 17th century, custom of tea drinking was introduced to Europe by Dutchman. Thereby the tradition of tea drinking of the European formed, especially in England, the habit of having afternoon tea formed. Before the 19th century, tea, which was drunk by people all over the world, came from China. According to the transliteration of Chinese(FuJian pronunciation) 茶 was translated into tea. Tea is the most important contribution of the Chinese to the world.

一个王朝的覆灭向来是全面衰败的结果，绝非单独事件所造成的。不过历代学者和史评家们常常挑出某些特定的事件，认为它们是导致旧朝代灭亡的主要原因。他们有时甚至声称，假若不是因为某事，改朝换代就不会发生。清代就有不少学者把明朝的覆灭归咎于崇祯皇帝处决了他手下最具才干的大将袁崇焕。还有一个说法盛行于通俗作家之中，是满清得以入主中原的罪魁乃是一位叫陈圆圆的美貌女子，而她不过是山海关统兵大帅吴三桂花1000两银子买来做妾的歌女而已。

The destruction of a dynasty is caused by a comprehensive decline consequences rather than one specific event. However, scholars and historical critics in all ages usually pick out some specific events and believe that they are the major causes which lead to the country’s destruction. Sometimes, they claim that a dynasty would not alter if a specific event didn’t happen. Many scholars in Qing Dynasty blame Emperor Chong Zhen who executed his most talented general, named Yuan Chunghwa, for Ming Dynasty’s destruction. There is also an idea prevails among popular writers that the chief criminal of the destruction of Ming Dynasty is a beauty, named Chen Yuan yuan, who was a geisha of Wu Sanguine, the general of the Shanhai Pass, he spent 1000 silvers on buying her.