Module 6 old and new 教学设计3

Teaching Aims

1. Talk about the great building projects in world history.

2. Write a news bulletin about changes that have taken place in your region. 3. Grasp the usage of some adjectives to express their strong feelings.

4. To get them familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of the Three Gorges Dam

5. Understand and grasp the usage of Non-defining relative clauses and contraction of relative

clauses.

6. To get them familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of the Three Gorges Dam and believe

that it will make a great contribution to our society and next generation.

7. To make them know something about their hometown and cultivate their feelings of loving the

place where they were born

8. Know something about Chinese and foreign tallest buildings or projects and take famous

construction projects as a topic to communicate with the foreign friends orally

9. Understand the development and changes of our times， broaden their outlook， and strengthen

the consciousness of the world and responsibilities of era.

Difficulties and Importance

1. Use the adjectives to express strong feelings freely.

2. Help the students understand the text exactly and retell the text in students’ own words. 3. Master the usage of Non-defining relative clauses and contraction of relative clauses.

Teaching Method

1. Task-based methodology 2. Communicative Approach

Teaching Time

Five periods:

Period 1 vocabulary and speaking， and Speaking Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary

Period 3 Grammar 1 Non-defining relative clauses， Pronunciation

Period 4 Grammar 2 contraction of relative clauses， Listening and Vocabulary Period 5 Cultural corner， Function and Everyday English， Writing

Teaching Procedures

Period One

Step 1 Warming up

a. Brainstorming

Q1. Can you think of some famous big projects in China？

(1)the Great Wall (2)the Grand Canal (3)Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors秦始皇兵马俑

(4)the Summer Palace颐和园 (5)the Three Gorges Dam

Q2. What should be taken into consideration when a big project is planned？ (1)aim (2)environment (3)pollution (4)how it will affect local people (5)advantages and disadvantages

b. Lead-in Work in pairs. Discuss these questions with you partner.

Q1. How far is the Great Wall of China from where you live？ Q2. Which is the biggest airport in the country？ Q3. Is there a dam near your town？

Q4. Do you know the name of the reservoir that provides water for your town？

Step 2 Reading

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Q1. How long was the original Great Wall of China？ 6300 kilometres long. Q2. Where does the wall start and end now？

the eastern end of the wall is at Shanhaiguan. In the west， it ends near the town of Jaiyuguan.

Q3. How many passengers is the Chek Lap Kok Airport designed to accommodate a year？

80 million passengers a year.

Q4. What’s the length of the reservoir of the Three Gorges Dam？ more than 500 kilometres long.

Q5. Have you ever visited any of the places in the passage？ Open. Q6. Which one is the nearest to your town or city？ Open. Q7. What other things do you know about them？ Open.

Step 3 Speaking

Work in groups of four. Discuss the following questions.

1). The Three Gorges Dam has caused the disappearance of many towns and villages.

What do you think about this？

2). Has the Three Gorges Dam affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know？

Step 4 Homework

1. Search more information about the Three Gorges Dam from the Internet.

2. Preview the passage The Three Gorges Dam.

Period Two Reading and vocabulary

Step 1 Pre-reading

Answer the following question?

1). How much do you know about the Three Gorges Dam？

2). Do you think the advantages are more important than the disadvantages？

Step 2 While-reading

a. Skimming and scanning. Read the passage quickly， and then choose the best answers. 1. Who dreamed of harnessing the power of the Yangtze River？

A. Sun Yat-sen B. Mao Zedong C. Deng Xiaoping D. A great designer 2. How many tons of coal was used for heating and generating electricity in 1993？ A. 1.2 billion B. 20 billion C. 40 billion D. About 800 billion 3. What problem does burning coal cause？

A.Air pollution. B.Increasing global warming. C.Destroying the balance of nature. D.Both A and B

4. Which of the following famous historical sites is NOT mentioned in the passage？

A. The Qu Yuan Temple. B. The Han Watchtower. C.The Grand Canal D.The Moya Cliff carving.

b. Fast-reading

Read the passage silently and quickly， and decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Mao Zedong once dreamed that there would be a great dam to harness the power of the Yangtze River.

2. The Three Gorges Dam will provide enough hydro-electric power for the whole country. 3. The dam will generate a lot electricity causing much less air pollution. 4. A large number of historical relics have been damaged because of the dam. Suggested answers: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F

c. Detailed reading. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. Q1. what is the dream of Mao Zedong？

“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. Q2. Why was the Three Gorges Dam built？

To control flooding and provide hydro-electric power.

Q3. What is the size of the Three Gorges Dam？ The dam is nearly 200 meters high and 1.5 kilometers wide.

Q4. Who first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River？

Sun Yat-sen suggested the idea in 1919. Q5. What is the advantage of the Three Gorges Dam？

To generate heat and electricity and prevent air pollution and help reduce the global warming.

Q6. What happened after the reservoir built？

The reservoir has flooded 2 cities， 11 cities， 140 towns and more than 4000 villages. Q7. How are people in different areas？ They are living a happy new life in different areas. Q8. What has happened to the historical sites？

Many historical relics and historical sites were flooded and have been submerged. Q9. How should we protect and save the relics？

Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museum. Q10. Why has Mao Zedong’s dream come true？

Because the Three Gorges Dam has been built and the power of the Yangtze River has been harnessed.

Q11. What are the three biggest construction projects in China until now？ The Great Wall， the Grand Canal and the Three Gorges Dam. Q12. What are the disadvantages of burning coal？

Burning coal wastes much energy， causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.

Q13. What about the inhabitants who lived in that area before？

More than a million people have moved from their home and are living a happy new life now.

Q14. What happened to the historical relics？

About 800 have been submerged. Only some are being removed and some are being put into museums.

Q15. Who was Sun Yat-sen？

He was the leader of the 1911 Revolution and the first person who suggested the idea of a dam

across the Yangtze River in 1919.

Step 3 Post-reading

a. Read the passage again and choose the best answers.

1. According to this passage， the word “harnessed” means _______ A. equipped B. controlled to produce electricity C. fasten D. saddle

2. _______ of china’s energy is produced by others， except for burning coal， according to this passage.

A. 1/3 B. 2/3 C. 3/5 D. 1/4

3. Which of the following statements are Not true according to this passage.

A. ¾ of China’s energy is produced by burning coal. B. Over a million people have moved. C. Around 800 historical relics have been flooded. D. The dam caused much air pollution.

b. Read the passage again and write questions for the answers.

1 Why was the Three Gorges Dam built ？ To control flooding and provide hydroelectric power.

2 How high is the dam？ Two hundred meters. 3 How wide is the dam？ One and a half kilometers.

4 Who first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River？ Sun Yat-sen. 5 How much of China's energy is produced by burning goal？ Three quarters. 6 How many villages were flooded when the dam was built？ Four thousand.

Step 4 Language Explanations

1. It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.它花费了6年时间建成，耗资200亿美元。 此句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 It took him a lot of money to buy that house.

(1) It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 花费(人)时间做…；需要人(某品质，如耐力、努力等)去做…。

(2) sb. spends some time on sth./(in) doing sth. 某人花多长时间在某物上/做某事 (3) cost sb. sth. 使某人失去…；花费某人 …

① It took the workers 37 years to build the Qinshihuang Tomb. 建造秦始皇陵用了工人们37年的时间。

② It took us half an hour to fix the washing machine.

＝The washing machine took us half an hour to fix. ＝We spent half an hour (in) fixing the washing machine. ③ It takes great courage to tell the truth. 说实话需要勇气。

④ They spent two weeks (in) finishing the rescue work. 他们花了两星期完成了救援工作。

2．Try to work out what kind of word it is. 设法弄清楚它是什么词类。 (Page 52)

work out: 在此句中意为“弄清楚、理解，看懂”。

Please look at the two pictures closely， and try to work out their differences.

3．A temple is a place of great importance to Buddhists.

of great importance相当于very important，类似的有： of great value 相当于quite valuable

3．Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged？

既然这些遗迹已经被淹没了，还有可能看到它们吗？

(1) Is it possible to do sth.？干…有可能吗？是一个常见的表示“可能”的句式。

(2) 表示“可能”的三个常用形容词likely，possible和probable分别用于下列几种不同的句型：

It is likely/possible/probable＋that clause It’s likely/possible＋to do/be... Sb. / Sth. is likely＋to do/be...

① It is possible that she has lost on the way home. 她有可能在回家的路上迷路了。 ② It seems highly probable that they’ll have to move house. 他们很可能得搬家。 ③ Tom is likely to go to Guangzhou for his winter holiday. 汤姆可能去广州度寒假。

4．“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain…”该句为的一句名诗，“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨”。

hold back: 此处意为“阻止，阻挡”。如：

The villagers built dams to hold back the flood waters. No one can hold back the wheel

of history.

5. Sun Yat-sen， who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution， first suggested the idea of a dam across

the Yangtze River in 1919. 1911年辛亥的领导人孙中山于1919年首先提出了在长江上建造大坝的设想。

suggest: 此处意为“提出，建议”，常用搭配为：suggest + sth / doing sth。如：

She suggested traveling by bus. The teacher suggested what to do next.

【拓展】：suggest后面也可跟that从句。

1). suggest当“建议”讲时， that 从句要用虚拟语气，即：suggest that sb (should) do sth。如：

She suggested that we (should) travel by bus.

2). suggest当“暗示、表明”讲时，that 从句不用虚拟语气，而要用陈述语气。如： The sad look on his face suggested that he was very disappointed. 6．Now they’re living a happy new life in different areas.

live … life： 过着…的生活。 live a happy life 过快乐的生活 live a miserable life 过悲惨的生活

7．Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums. 它们中被移走，进了博物馆。

be being done 为进行时态的被动语态 e.g. The house is being painted.

remove：此处意为“移走，移开”。 如： The cars which are parked there will be removed. 【拓展】：remove sth / sb from sb / sth.： 把…移走；从…开除。如：

Three children were removed from the school for their bad behavior. He removed his hand from her shoulder.

Step 5 Homework

1. Write a summary of the whole passage. 2. Finish the exercises 8-11on page 99-100.

Period Three Grammar

Step 1 Presentation

Read these sentences.

a. Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain”.

b. The Three Gorges Dam， which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Treat Wall and the Grand Canal， has been built to control flooding.

c. Sun Yat-sen， who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution， first suggested the idea in 1919. d. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes.

Now answer these questions.

1. Which of the relative clauses (in italics) contain essential information about the subject and which

contain extra information？

2. If you take away the relative clauses， do the sentences still make sense？ Why or why not？

a and d don’t make sense， but b and c do. Because the meaning stands without the extra

clauses

3. Which sentences have commas， the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information？

The ones with the extra information.

Step 2 Explanations

性与非性定语从句

(1). 性定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以，表示“… 的人(或东西)”，性定语从句描

述的是主句不可缺少的一部分；

非性定语从句对所修饰的词没有词义的作用，而只是补充一些说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，在译成中文时，这个从句常译成一个并列句。如：

He is the man (who / that / whom) you’ve been expecting to meet. 他就是你一直想见

的那个人。

This is Mr Smith， whom/who you’ve been expecting to meet. 这是史密斯先生，你一

直想见的那人。

(2). 在性定语从句中，that可代替who/whom/which，作宾语时可省；

在非性定语从句中，不能用that引导，关系代词作宾语时也不能省略。如： The person (that / whom) I just referred to is Tom. There are 30 chairs in the hall， most of which are new.

(3) 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非性的。如：

Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year. My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden. This novel， which I have read three times， is very touching.

(4) 非性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。如：

My son failed again in the exam， which made me very angry.

注意：(1) 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非性定语从句。

(2) as或which引导的非性定语从句，可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。 as引导的定语从句还可以放在主句之前，而which引导的非性定语从句要放在

句末。如：

As has been announced， we should have our final exams next month. We shall have our final exams next month， as / which has been announced. (3) as可引导定语从句时，意为“正如”，which引导时，常意为“这就是……。如：

As we know， smoking is harmful to one’s health. He has a son who likes to play

football.

比较以下两个句子在意义上的不同：

He has a son who works in a hospital. (限定性)有个在医院工作的儿子。(可能还有别的儿子，不在医院工作)

He has a son， who works in a hospital. (非限定性) 他有一个儿子，在医院工作。 再比较下面两个句子：

The college students who knew the truth left the small town. The college students， who knew the truth， left the small town.

前一句中有一个性定语从句，它对名词的范围作了一定的。这个句子的意思是“只有那些知

道事实的大学生离开了小镇”，并暗示那些不知道事实的大学生仍然还留在小镇上。

后一句中有一个非性定语从句，它对前面的名词没有起到任何作用，这句话暗含的意思是：

“大学生们都知道了事实并离开了小镇。”

Step 3 Practices

Choose the best answers.

1. The famous basketball star， Jordan， ____ tried to make a comeback， attracted a lot of attention.

A. where

B. when C. which D. who 2. Mexico City， _____ has a population of over 10 million， is probably the fastest growing city in the world.

A. what

B. as

C. which

D. that

3. We will be shown around the city: schools， museums， and some other places， ___ other visitors seldom go.

A. what

B. which

C. where

D. when

4. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour， _________ was true.

A. he

B. this

C. which

D. who

5. _________ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase， _________ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which C. its price

D. the price of whose

7. She heard the terrible noise， _________brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

8. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.， _________ many people have gone home.

A. whose time

B. that

C. on which

D. by which time 9. Carol said the work would be done by October， ________ personally I doubt very much.

A. it

B. that

C. when

D. which

10. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital， ______ she spent her 19th birthday.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. and

Step 4 Pronunciation P 57

Read the sentences and underline the relative clauses.

1 The tallest building that I have seen is the Empire State Building in New York. 2 The Grand Canal， which is the world's oldest and longest canal， was built in the fifth century BC.

3 The Three Gorges Dam is a hydro-electric project which has brought an end to the danger of flooding. 3 There is a boat which takes you all the way along the Yangtze River. 5 The river， which is the third longest in the world， is an absolutely beautiful place to visit.

Step 5 Homework

1. Preview the grammar points we have learned. 2. Finish the exercises 1，2 on page 97.

Period Four

Step 1 Presentation

Read the sentences and answer the questions.

a. I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. b. I met a man who my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. c. I wanted to visit the house that my grandparents lived in. d. The bus which I took back to my birth place was full of visitors from other parts of China.

1. Do the first two sentences mean the same thing？ Yes， they do

2. In the first two sentences， who is the subject of the verb work ----the man or the grandfather？

3. Can the words that and which be removed from the third and forth sentences without changing the

meaning？ Yes， they can.

Step 2 Explanations

定语从句的缩短

定语从句可以缩短或简化，主要通过以下形式：

一、省略作宾语的关系代词

which，that。在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m)，在性定语从句中，当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时，可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that和which作宾语用于指物时，两者也可以互换使用，关系代词that/which也通常省略。例如：

Is that the man (whom)/(who)/(that) you gave your tickets to？ (whom，who或that可省

略)

Is that the address (which)/(that) you sent the telegram to？ (which或that可省略) Where is the book (which)/(that) I bought yesterday？ (which或that可省略) 二、将定语从句变为非谓语动词 1. 定语从句转换成不定式短语。如：

This is the best thing that we can do in memory of our beloved teacher.

→This is the best thing to do in memory of our beloved teacher.

这是为纪念我们敬爱的老师我们能做的最好的事。

He is a good comrade with whom you can work.

→He is a good comrade to work with. 他是一个很好共事的同志。

2. 定语从句转换成现在分词短语。如:

The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.

→The train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. 第五站台开出的火车驶

往北京。

Yesterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours.

→Yesterday we had a meeting lasting two hours. 昨天我们举行了一个持续

两小时的会议。

3. 定语从句转换成过去分词短语。如：

The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.

→The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon. 大火中损坏的房子不

久就要翻修。

The plan which is being discussed is of great importance.

→The plan being discussed is of great importance. 正在讨论的这个计划非

常重要。

Step 3 Practices

a. Cross out the relative pronouns where possible. Activity 3 on P 56 b. Make each pair of sentences into one sentence. Activity 4 on P 56 c. According to what we have learned， answer the following questions.

1. John has just got a new jacket which is nice. What is nice？ A. The jacket itself. B. Having a new jacket.

2. The villagers， who knew the way， guided us out of the forests. Who knew the way？ A. Some of the villagers. B. All the villagers.

3. Chek Lapp Kok Airport， which is in Hong Kong， is designed to accommodate 80 million

passengers yearly. Which is the main information？ A. The airport is in Hong Kong.

B. The airport is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers yearly.

4. The desks， which at first looked old and dirty， were very valuable. Which is the main information？

A. The desks were old and dirty. B. The desks were very valuable. 5. He is the man who told me the news. Which understanding is right？ A. \"Who told me the news\" is necessary information. B. \"Who told me the news\" is not necessary information. Suggested answers: 1.A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A

Step 4 Listening

a. Listen and tick the subjects that you hear. Activity 1 on P 57 Suggested answers: a film about a clam a map of China the Yangtze River students from Vietnam

b. While-listening Listen again and make a note of the information. Activity 2 on P 57

1 Where is the dam in the film？ Egypt

2 What is the name of the book with maps of China？ Maps of the world

3 What time of year did the woman visit the Three Gorges Dam？ December 4 Who organized the visit of the Vietnamese students？ The government

c. Post-Listening Activity 3 on P 57

Complete these sentences from the conversation， using the words who or that / which， or nothing at all.

Step 5 Homework

1. Finish the exercise 3， 4 on page 98.

2. Preview the content of cultural corner of this module.

Five

Step 1 Pre-reading

Look at the photos and answer the following questions.

Q1. Do you know the names of the tall building？ Yes. The World Trade Center.

Q2. What happened to it on September 11， 2001？ It was attacked by some planes / terrorists.

Q3. Is it the tallest building in the in the world？ Yes， it is.

Q4. Before it was built up， which building was the tallest one in the world？ The Empire State Building

Step 2 While-reading

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

1. For how long was the Empire State Building the tallest building in the world？ For 41 years.

2. Why do you think there are so many tall buildings in the world now？ Open. Maybe not enough space in cities， so you have to build up. 3. What’s the height of the World Trade Center？ 417 and 415 meters high. 4. How many lightning strike the Empire State Building？ 500 times a year. 5. How many bricks were used in the construction of the building？ Ten million bricks.

Step 3 Language Explanations

1. From the observatory at the top，on a clear day you can see five US states.

从顶部的观测所，在晴朗的天气里可俯视到美国的五个州。

observatory:［C］天文台，观测所。如： astronomical observatory 天文台

Purple Mountain Observatory 紫金山天文台 Royal Greenwich Observatory 格林尼

治皇家天文台

2. Lightning strikes the Empire State Building 500 times a year. 每年帝国大厦遭雷电袭击达500次。

lightning: ［U］闪电，电光。 如： a flash of lighting 一道闪电

The tall tree was struck by lightning. 那颗高大的树被闪电击中了。 strike: vt.(灾害、疾病等)突然袭击。 如：

A very big earthquake struck that county many years ago. 多年前一次非常强地震袭击

了那个县。

The plague struck Europe. 瘟疫袭击了欧洲。

Beijing was struck by a terrible sandstorm. 北京遭到了骇人的沙尘暴的袭击。

3. In 1945，a US military plane，which was flying over Manhattan on a foggy day，crashed into the building just above the 78th floor. 1945年，一架美用飞机撞击到帝国大厦78层之上处，当时这架飞机正在大

雾天气里飞行在曼哈顿上空。

此句中主句为A US military plane crashed into the building just above the 78th floor. In 1945是时间从句，which指代the plane。 on a foggy day有foggy修饰，因此前面要用介词on。

military: adj. 军事的，军用的，的。 如：

military academy 陆军军官学校，军事学院 military age 兵役年龄 military arts 军事艺术

military courtesy 军礼 military law 军法 military operation 作战；军事行动 crash: v. 坠毁；冲撞。 ［C］(飞机的)坠毁；相撞(事件)。 如：

The plane crashed in the mountains. 那架飞机在山中坠毁。 He crashed his car into the wall. 他的车子撞到墙上了。

He crashed the glass against the wall. 他把玻璃杯猛力地向墙上摔去。

Step 4 Function and Everyday English

a. Match the adjectives on the left with the strong adjectives on the right.

b. Complete these conversations with other adjectives.

A: Were you pleased with your visit to the Three Gorges Dam？ B: Pleased？ I was _ Delighted_！ B: Was it cold when you were on the boat？ B: Cold？ It was _ freezing_！

A: Were you surprised to see so many American students？ B: Surprised？ I was astonished_！

Step 5 Guided Writing

a. Read the email on page 55 and answer the questions.

1. Does the writer of the email live in Zigui County？ No， She doesn't

2. Why did she want to visit the region？ Because it is where her grandparents had lived 3. What had changed since the last time she was there？

The area had been flooded because of the Three Gorges Dam.

b. Write an email to a friend about a visit to a place which has changed since your last visit. c. Prepare a news bulletin about changes that have taken place n your region.

Step 6 Homework

Finish your writing after class. Finish the other exercises of this module