英语C篇阅读精讲

一、 专题精讲 1、分值：6分（2分*3题）。 2、中考阅读C篇试题一览表 年份 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 主题 如何阅读艰深的科技论文 在孤岛上如何发送信号 科普类说明文 353字 正确命名的商业意义 经济类议论文 328字 如何做到果断坚定 心理类说明文 342字 文体 字数 3、题型分类： 题目 年份 C篇第1题 C篇第2题 C篇第3题 教育类说明文 337字 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 54.词义猜测题 55.推理判断题 56.主旨大意题 54.事实细节题 55.事实细节题 56.主旨大意题 53.推理判断题 54.推理判断题 55.主旨大意题 53.推理判断题 54.词义猜测题 55.事实细节题 4、阅读基本思路的回顾： 初读：标题；首尾段及首尾句，过渡词 明主旨，理思路 再读：速读题干 找关键词 定位查找 整合答案 例题1： 2013年中考真题： C Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions, feelings,

attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn't infringe（侵犯） the rights of others. Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs above those of others. If someone says or does something that we don't like, we should just be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future. Why is Assertiveness important? If you don't know how to be assertive, you might experience: •Depression - Anger, a sense of being helpless, hopeless, or of having no control over your life.[来源:zz^step~@.&com*] •Resentment - Anger at others for taking advantage of you. •Frustration - Why did I allow that to happen?[www.*z@z&step.~c^om] Most people find it easier to be assertive in some situations than in others. This makes perfect sense. It's a lot easier to hold your ground with a stranger than with someone you love. But the more important the relationship is to you, the more ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ it is to be assertive. Assertive behavior leads to increased respect from others！ But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you can live with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in a positive response (积极的回应)，some people might react differently. How to be effectively（有效地） assertive: •Use \"I\" statements. Keep the focus on the problem you're having. \"I'd like to be able to tell my stories without interruption.\" instead of \"You're always interrupting my stories ! \" •Use facts, not opinions. \"Did you know that shirt has a hole?\" instead of \"You're not going out looking like THAT, are you?\" •Express ownership of your thoughts, feelings, and opinions. \"I get angry when he breaks his promises. \" instead of \"He makes me angry. \"[www.#zzst&*e~p.c@om] • Make clear and direct requirements. Don't invite the person to say no. \"Will you please?\" instead of 'Would you mind．．．?\" or \"Why don't you．．．?\"[来@源:中#&%~国教育出版网] •Keep repeating your point. Use a low level and pleasant voice. Don't try to explain yourself. 53. The writer probably agrees that____________. A. you should consider others' response before you act assertively B. you should be assertive if you want to get good marks C. assertiveness is the ability to infringe others' rights .[w~ww.zzs%tep*&.co@m]

D. assertive behavior will bring you bad feelings 【参】A 【测量目标】观点态度 【难度等级】中 【思路解析】根据文章第一段“in a way that doesn’t infringe the rights of others.可知A为正确答案。CD与文章相反。B篇文章中为提到。 54. The expression \"hold your ground\" probably means “_________________” A. reach an agreement B. insist on your point C. keep your word [来~源%^:中教网@&] D. keep on fighting[来源:z^@zstep&.co%*m] 【参】B 【测量目标】词义猜测 【难度等级】中 【思路解析】根据第四段文意“在陌生人面前比在你爱的人面前更能做到 “自信”，A.达成一致意见B.hold your point指的是“坚持你的观点”C. 履行诺言 D.坚持斗争。 55. Which of the following helps you to be effectively assertive? A. Explaining yourself in a soft and sweet voice.[来%源@:#&中教网*] B. Expressing ownership of others' thoughts. C. Making requirements directly and clearly. D. Using your opinions instead of facts. 【参】C 【测量目标】事实细节 【难度等级】易 【思路解析】根据文章倒数第四行“Make clear and direct requirements.”得知C是正确答案。 例题2：

2012年中考真题： C The right name is important in the business world ..All you have to do is think of the names for some of the product are connected in everyone’s mind. In many coutries , successful trade or brand names are protected by law . This is so that other companies cannot make a product that looks like another . People might think that they were buying one product and ,in fact , be buying something different . Businesses register a company or a product name with the gowerment. In fact,more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is in the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations（联系）. The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong. When a U.S. company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure taht the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image（形象） in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name——Coke. It took some effots before finding the right word——which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge（要价） up to $ 100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development. 53.Why are trade names protected by law in many coutries? A.To make companies pay for naming service B.To help people choos the best products C.To present good images of the products D. To prevent good images from being copied 【参】D 【测量目标】事实细节 【难度等级】 易 【思路解析】根据关键词查找到文章第二段，亦可根据常识来判断商标的作用。

54.What can we learn from the passage? A.Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names B.Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale C.The government often does business with naming companies D.It is considered necessary for cars to be named after animals 【参】B 【测量目标】推理判断题 【难度等级】 难 【思路解析】从文章第三段可以确定B答案。 55.What’t the best title for the passage? A.The Business of Names B.The Development of Names C.The Rules of Naming Business D.The Methods of Choosing Names 【参】A 【测量目标】主旨大意题 【难度等级】 难 【思路解析】文章第二段讲了很多国家都在保护商品的名称，第三段讲了商品名称的重要的性和作用。都围绕The Business of Names进行。其他三个选项的中心词不对。 例题3： 2011年中考真题： C What do you do if you’re stranded （处于困境的）on a lonely island？Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of Body signals（信号）. Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line，it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side ，it means“no”. If you want the pilot to know that it’s safe to land，push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your

knees. If you want to say that it’s not safe to land，put your arms in the air and move them to one side. Smoke signals The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away ，so it’s a good way to draw attention .If the weather is 为dry，it isn’t hard to start a fire. Remember ，however，that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you’re sure that it can’t spread .If the ground is dark，light smoke can be seen more easily .Green grass and leaves produce light smoke. Ground-to-air signals It’s a good idea to build some signals，too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols（标记）.If you can’t find any wood，use earth. Some useful symbols are： F “I need food and water”. II “I need medicine”. I “I am badly hurt”. X “I am unable to move from here.” Pilots’ replies If the pilot lowers the plane’s wings from side to side ，this means“message received and understood”（At night，the pilot flashes the plane’s green lights.）If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle ，this means“message received but not understood”.（At night ，the pilot flashes the plane’s red lights.） However ，there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not？ 54、Which picture means“it’s not safe to land”？ 【参】D 【测量目标】事实细节 【难度等级】 易 【思路解析】根据第二段最后一句，把对文字的理解转化为图示。

55、What can we learn from the passage？ A、Swinging your arm from side to side means“yes”. B、If the ground is dark，light smoke can’t be seen. C、If you need some medicine ，make a symbol “II”. D、The pilots make replies with a blue light at night. 【参】C 【测量目标】事实细节 【难度等级】 易 【思路解析】根据文章中相关的几处信息，判断正误，得出答案，比较明显。 56、What is the passage mainly about？ A、The explanation of building signals on an island . B、The importance of building signals on an island. C、Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island. D、Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island. 【参】C 【测量目标】主旨大意 【难度等级】 中 【思路解析】根据对文章主体部分内容都是关于如何发送信号求救，第一段也有比较明显的提示。 例题4： 2010年中考真题： C. Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it. These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:

 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.  2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.  3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.  4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.  5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.  6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together. The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one. 54. The underlined phrase “run into” means ___________. A. work out B. come across C. look into D. pass by 【参】B 【测量目标】词义猜测 【难度等级】 中 【思路解析】A意为“算出，制订出”，B意为“偶然遇见(发现)”，C意为“浏览，调查”，D意为“经过”。根据划线部分的句子: a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you以及When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly. 可知该词组的意思与B项同义。 55. From the passage, we can know _________. A. we should look up new words before reading B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English 【参】B 【测量目标】推理判断 【难度等级】中

【思路解析】由文章第一段中In fact，sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is the language of science. 可知选B。 56. The massage is mainly about _________. A. steps of studying science B. difficulties in reading science D. researches on science and English C. ways of reading science passages 【参】C 【测量目标】主旨大意 【难度等级】 中 【思路解析】 根据文章第一段中In fact，sometimes the reading is SO difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is the language of science. 和第二段These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult可知选C。 二、专题过关 2013年海淀区一模： C A great many people, when they speak of home, tend to connect it with a certain atmosphere, certain physical surroundings (环境), and certain emotional attitudes within themselves. This sentimentality (多愁善感) toward home is something that has come down to us from the past. Many modern people do not have it, and I think it is a good thing that they do not. In the old days, life was difficult. Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you, and you had little protection against them. People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked. They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which could call the police instantly. How did this influence the way people felt about home? Small family groups clung(贴近) tightly together for protection against beasts and against other men. Today, thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society, thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born, and the oftener they do so, the less sentiment they are likely to have for those surroundings. I lived in England for three years, and I noticed that boys and girls left their parents’ homes and lived in places of their own. There they could just telephone and ask an agency to provide them with a house or an apartment, which was their home. How has the meaning of this word “home” been changed by such activity? What does home mean to those people

or to families who often move about, living in first one hotel and then another? I believe that for them home means a place where they can have privacy. As for me, the atmosphere and surroundings of the place where my parents live have no sentimental attachment (依恋). Home is where I can shut the door and be by myself. When I left my parents several years ago, I was anxious to leave. You might call it unfeeling, but that was the way I felt. On the day of my departure for the United States, my grandmother cried. My father, however, showed that he knew how I felt. “Son,” he said, “I am not sorry that you are leaving us. I only hope that you make the most of your time.” 53. Why are modern people willing to leave their parents’ homes? A. Because they can afford the money to live outside. B. Because there are no wild animals or enemies around. C. Because the society provides them with the feeling of safety. D. Because they are not actually satisfied with their environment. 【参】C 【测量目标】推理判断 【思路解析】根据文章第二段对之前人类社会的恶劣条件的描述，以及第三段“ thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society”可知现在的年轻人敢于离开家庭是因为社会的发展带给他们极大的安全感，再也不用害怕之前的种种危险出现。 54. What can we learn from the article? A. Surroundings influence the way that people act. B. Not many modern people have sentimentality toward home. C. Rights to privacy are well protected in modern society. D. Older people can hardly understand the leaving of the young. 【参】B 【测量目标】推理判断 【思路解析】根据第三段“the oftener they do so, the less sentiment they are likely to have for those surroundings.”可知B是正确的。A，与文意不符。C，privacy文中有提到，但是不是文章讨论的重点，也不足得出选项中的结论。D，完全没有提到。 55. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The History of Home B. People and Home C. Different Ideas about Home D. Ideas of Home Have Changed 【参】B 【测量目标】主旨大意 【思路解析】根据文章开头结尾及主体部分，主要的论述内容即为“人”与“家”之间的关系，特别是现在的青年人对家的感情和态度的变化。 2013年海淀区二模： C “Earworms”, some people call them. Songs that get stuck in your head go round and round, sometimes for days, sometimes for months. For no clear reason you cannot help yourself from humming or singing a tune by Lady Gaga. To a psychologist, the most interesting thing about earworms is that they show a part of our mind that is clearly outside of our control. Earworms arrive without permission and refuse to leave when we tell them to. They are parasites（寄生虫）, living in a part of our minds. If you have got a earworm you can suffer an attack of it simply by someone mentioning the tune, without having to hear it. This proves that earworms are a part of long-term memory. Human have an “inner ear”, for remembering phone numbers, for instance. When it gets infected with earworms, rather than review our plans for the day, or lists of things to remember, the inner ear gets stuck on a few short bars of music or a couple of phrases from a song. A part of us that we normally do not have to think about, that should just do what we ask, has been turned against us, upsetting us with a request that we never asked for. The mind is an inner world which we do not have complete knowledge of, or have control over. Fortunately psychology can provide some advice on how to deal with an uncontrollable mind. Consider the famous “don’t think of a white bear” problem, which tell you to try not to think about white bears or to do something else, to avoid both thinking of the white bear and not thinking of the white bear. For earworms, the solution may be the same. Our inner ear has become infected with an earworm. This is a part not under our control, so just sending in instructions to “shut up” is unlikely to be of much help (and has been shown to make it worse). Much better is to employ the inner ear in another task. If your mind is poisoned by Brittany Spears’ Toxic, for instance, then try singing Kylie Minogue’s Can’t Get You Out Of My Head. Let me know if it works!

53. According to the passage, earworms are ______. A. songs that keep going round in our mind B. tunes by pop singers like Lady Gaga C. parasites clearly under our control D. worms that live in a part of our brain 【参】A 【测量目标】主旨大意 【思路解析】第一段前两句就明确的说了Earworms的意思，就是不停的在脑子里晃，恰好就是A答案。 54. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Singing songs may get earworms out of your head. B. Earworms are used for keeping long-term memory. C. Humans do not have complete control over their mind. D. You won’t suffer from earworms unless you hear the song. 【参】C 【测量目标】推理判断 【思路解析】A选项在文中并没有提到，B选项以偏盖全了，文中只说到Earworms are a part of long-term memory，而不是被用来保存长期记忆。C正确，首先第三段的后半段都在提我们其实并没有完全控制自己的大脑，另外第四段第一句也回应了这一观点，其中就有关键词uncontrollable mind.D也没有提到。 55. What does “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The instruction to shut up your mind. B. “Don’t think of the white bear” problem. C. Kylie Minogue’s Can’t Get You out Of My head. D. The relation between earworms and popular songs. 【参】D 【测量目标】推理判断 【思路解析】这题为易错题，很容易选C。但其实看上文，C说的只是一个例子，是employ the inner ear in another task的一个实例，而这里，看是否有效，说的是这个道理是否有效。所以选D。 56. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The causes and influences of earworms. B. What earworms are and how to deal with them. C. How to clear earworms from your head. D. The relation between earworms and popular songs. 【参】B 【测量目标】主旨大意 【思路解析】文中先讲了earworm是什么，然后又说怎么处理它，恰好就对应了B答案。 三、学法提炼 1、专题特点： 说明文体是一种客观的说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体；依据说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和 事理说明文两大类，通常按时间，空间及逻辑顺序进行说明。 议论文体又叫说理文，是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。 2、主要特点 1、选材：范围广，领域宽，篇幅长，信息量大。考生没有足够的知识储备和生活经验。中考英语卷阅读试题的设置采用渐进，由简到难的方式，而说明文和议论文通常是四篇单选式阅读中最难的，所以常被放置在C篇或D篇。 中考对说明文的考查以科普说明文为主。 2、结构：框架清晰，结构严谨，易把握。★ 1）说明文： 2）议论文： 多采用总-分-总结构或总-分结构； 多有明显的表转折，递进或并列的关联词； 通常各段落的主题句都集中在各段首句； 一般直接切入正题，然后层层展开（按时间，空间，逻辑顺序）。 通常，首先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述理由，反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。

3、语言：词汇高级灵活，句式复杂多变，有长难句障碍。 4、设题：难题较多。侧重考察考生的猜测词义和句意、推理判断、理解文章语篇结构、理解作者态度意图和归纳主旨的能力，大多涉及到对文章的深层次理解，是考生必须掌握的较高级的能力。 2、解题思路和技巧 1、阅读基本思路回顾： 初读：标题/首尾段及首尾句/过渡词 再读：速读题干 找关键词 明主旨，理思路 整合答案 定位查找 2、提纲挈领抓全篇，精读要看问的啥。 1） 先主旨，后细节--细节围绕主旨展开，把握文章主旨后细节题更易把握。 2） 问哪读哪，定位查找--节省时间，减少阅读量和阅读障碍，提高准确率。 3） 仔细研读，整合答案--定位的句子或段落，需准确理解，攻克长难句。 课后作业： 2013年东城区一模： C There are many colors in nature. But do you think that a color has weight? I think you’ll say “no”. But I am afraid you are

wrong. If you don’t believe it, you may do a small experiment. First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the boxes. Third, wrap（包裹）one box with a red piece of paper, the other with a white piece of paper. OK. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier. Why do you think so? A scientist found that different colors have different weights in a man’s mind. So he did many tests and at last he got the result. That is to say, every color has its own weight in our mind. The scientist told us that colors also have smell. Can you smell the color? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wavelength. It reaches our brain through sense organs (器官). According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colors they like, and refuse the colors they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like. Or you’ll be nervous or even get ill. For example, you like blue and hate red. If you stay in a room with red windows, wallpaper and furniture for two hours, you’ll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, you’ll feel you have been there for only an hour. And, if a person walks out of a blue room and into a red room, his temperature will rise. That means our body temperature will change with different colors. 53. From the experiment, we know that ________. A. the red box is heavier than the white one B. colors can change the weight of an object C. colors have different weights in people’s mind D. the white piece of paper is lighter than the red one 54. When we walk from a red room into a blue one, ________. A. we will feel very nervous B. our body weight will change C. our body temperature will fall D. we will notice different smells 55. This passage is probably ________. A. a science report C. a historical record B. a news story D. an advertisement