《大学英语二》期末总复习资料

(College English Book 2)

Reading Comprehension

I．

Passage 1

The science of meteorology（气象学）is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from any vantage（优势）point. Different views must be combined to give perspective to the whole picture.

One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.

Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and meteorological diagrams. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation（航空）, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are obtained in the form of the saving of human lives and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of the science of meteorology is constantly to make great efforts, through study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts.

The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology.

Passage 2

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the \"cashless society\" is not on the horizon-it's already here.

While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas

and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

Passage 3

In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San

Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue（烤肉）restaurant., then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.

Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks‘ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.

Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers’ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise（特许经营）other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches（拱门）.

Today McDonald‘s is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald‘s had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.

Passage 4

You‘re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let‘s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn‘t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?

More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.

Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then . If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors 骗子”; another refers to them as ―special cases.‖ one well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by ―no such people.‖

To avoid outright (彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that ―being associated with‖ a college means that the job – seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century – that‘s when they began keeping records, anyhow.

If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are coMPAnies that will sell you a phony （假的）diploma. One coMPAny, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from ―Smoot State University.‖ The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the ―University of Purdue.‖ As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.

Passage 5

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they‘re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‗It‘s iniquitous,‘ they say, ‗that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don‘t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it‘s the consumer who pays…‘

The poor old consumer! He‘d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn‘t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Another thing we mustn‘t forget is the ‗small ads.‘ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‗hatch, match and

dispatch‘ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‗agony‘ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It‘s the best advertisement for advertising there is!

Passage 6

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: \"store in the refrigerator.\"

In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily. The grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased. Fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed--natural cooling, drying, smoking salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing--marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house, while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself: invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包), but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

Passage 7

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report; The damage and death toll (死亡人数) could have been much worse.

More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims:

Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.

Despite the good news, civil engineers aren't resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图的) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.

In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the

impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.

The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

Passage 8

About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way; women are luckier only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. There are different forms of color blindness. A man may not be able to see deep red.

He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed.

In certain occupations color blindness can be dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully. For example, when fighting at night, soldiers use lights of flares to signal to each other. A green light may mean ―Advance‖ and a red light may mean ―Danger! Keep back!‖, You can see what will happen if somebody thinks that red is green! Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called ―cones‖, These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colors. There are also millions of ―rods‖ but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but not color. Wait until it is dark tonight, then go outside. Look round you and try to see what colors you can recognize.

Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colors. As far as we know, bats and adult owls cannot see colors at all only light and dark shapes. Similarly cats and dogs cannot see colors as well as we can.

Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to us, and some of them can even see X-rays. The wings of a moth may seem gray and dull to us, but to insects they may appear beautiful, showing colors which we cannot see. Scientists know that there are other colors around us which insects can see but which we cannot see. Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes like blue, but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will.

Passage 9

Cathy and Wayne are in their late 20‘s, have been married five years, and are childless. The last time a member of Cathy‘s family asked, ―When are you going to start a family?‖ her answer was, ―We‘re a family!‖

Cathy and Wayne belong to a growing number of young married couples who are deciding not to have children. A recent survey showed that in the last five years the percentage of wives aged 25 to 29 who did not want children had almost doubled. What lies behind this decision which seems to fly in the face of biology and society?

Perhaps the most publicly outspoken childless couple are Ellen Peck and her husband William. They are not against parenthood but against the social pressures that push people into parenthood whether it is what they really want or not.

―It‘s a life-style choice,‖ Ellen says. ―We chose freedom and spontaneity (自发性), privacy (清静) and leisure. It‘s also a question of where you want to give your efforts  within your own family or in the larger community. This generation faces serious questions about the continuity of life on earth as well as its quality. Our grandchildren may have to buy tickets to see the last redwoods (红杉) or line up to get their oxygen ration (氧气量). There are men who complain about being caught in a traffic jam for hours on their way home to their five kids but can‘t make the association between the children and the traffic jam. In a world seriously threatened by the consequences of overpopulation we‘re concerned with making life without children acceptable and respectable. Too many children are born as a result of cultural pressure. And the results show up in the statistics on divorce and child-abuse.‖

Passage 10

Cars are important in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor he doesn‘t feel really poor when he has a car.

Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn‘t know how much the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United States a nation on wheels. And it helped make the United States what it is today.

There are three main reasons the car became so popular in the United States. First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go any place without spending a lot of money.

The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently.

The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don‘t like to wait for a bus or a train or even a plane. They don‘t like to have to follow an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.

The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas.

II．Vocabulary and Structure

1. 2. 3.

Considering his contributions, Mr. Pritt______better treatment than this. A. deserves B. reserves C. preserves D. conserves Careless motorists are_______to meet with accidents.

A. apt B. liable C. inclined D. subject When a cause is just, the end _____ the means.

A. glorifies B. terrifies C. sympathizes D. justifies

It‘s necessary that an efficient worker _________his work on time. A. accomplishes B. accomplish

C. can accomplish D. has accomplished

4.

5. The old couple decided to _____ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their

own

A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt

6. The school headmaster played the ______ role in the faculty play.

A. principle B. principal C. possible D. plentiful

7. Although collaborative group work might not always turn out encouraging results, it is

certainly a strategy _________ exploring. A. worth B. worthy C. deserves D. liable

8. There is a ________ difference in meaning between the words surroundings and

environment.

A. gentle B. subtle C. feeble D. humble

9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the_______ majority are inactive.

A. tremendous B. demanding C. intensive D. overwhelming

10. Mr Wilson said that he didn‘t want to________ any further responsibilities

A. take on B. get on C. put up D. look up

11. Once the _________ contradiction is tackled, all problems will be readily solved. A. principle B. innovative C. principal D. priceless

12. What he said that day is not _________ to whether he is a reliable man or not. A. contrast B. relevant C. comparable D. liable

13. The super star is very rich, _________ she has no idea how much she is worth.

A. so rich so that B. so much rich that C. so much so that D. so that 14. In teaching, it is highly _________ to know what the students need to know, and this will

make the teachers‘ work much more _________.

A. honorable, desirable B. effective, desirable

C. honorable, effective D. desirable, effective

15. The great importance of education is not so much to teach you things _________ to teach you

the art of learning.

A. nor B. or C. than D. as

16. All attendants of the conference agree that great importance must be _________ to

prevention and treatment of AIDS.

A. attacked B. accessed C. attracted D. attached. 17. Many freshmen find it hard to _________ themselves to life on campus. A. adopt B. fit C. suit D. adapt

18. The _________ aim of this meeting was to clarify the issues. A. initial B. initiative C. perspective D. valid

19. The public is urgently requested to _________ the police in tracing the man. A. associate B. relate C. assist D. involve

20. In the gallery were _________ three paintings not ordinary displayed for public viewing.

A. hanged B. hanging C. hung D. hang

21. Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was

the beautiful ________ through the window.

A. vision B. look C. picture D. view

22. The doctor checked the patient‘s _________ carefully before making his statement.

A. symbols B. symptoms C. indications D. signs

23. Once a ________ password is supplied, you will gain automatic access to the email

system.

A. capable B. valid C. moderate D. critical

24. Despite the rescuers‘ strenuous efforts, hopes of finding the missing climbers are now

beginning to ________.

A. desert B. fade C. reduce D. loose 25. Her arrival in the city _______ with the outbreak of SARS there.

A. blenched B. occurred C. mixed D. coincided 26. She was so _______ of failing the examination again that she ran out of the classroom and

burst into tears.

A. frustrated B. annoyed C. ashamed D. disappointed 27. How can you give my records to others? You _______ my permission first.

A. might have asked B. could have asked C. should have asked D. must have asked

28. The young couple manage to _______ 2,000 yuan every month in order to buy a new house.

A. set aside B. set down C. set off D. set out

29. Mary _______ herself constantly for not buying a present for her mother on her eightieth

birthday.

A. humiliates B. reproaches C. disappoints D. frustrates 30. William Wordsworth was _______ a romantic man. Romanticism arose as a main literary

trend in England, beginning with the publication of his Lyrical Ballads.

A. by heart B. by nature C. by origin D. by education 31. Religious and racial _______ is extremely important for a nation to maintain peace and order.

A. interference B. loyalty C. tolerance D. enthusiasm 32. The heating system has recently been _______ to make it more efficient.

A. installed B. modified C. removed D. decorated 33. Many people have a natural and emotional _______ to snakes.

A. aversion B. fear C. dislike D. disgust 34. Trying to ________ wildlife is a job that concerns all of us. A. retain B. advance C. provide D. preserve 35. What you have done is ________ the doctor‘s orders.

A. resistant to B. attached to C. responsible to D. contract to 36. The management has authorized wage increase for all _________. A. employers B. citizens C. employees D. residents

37. It was reported that only one passenger was fortunate to escape ________ in the plane crash. A. killing B. being killed C. to be killed D. having killed 38. The medicines should be kept out of ________ of children. A. touch B. reach C. contact D. contract

39. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe ________ by the judge. A. service B. sentence C. crime D. crisis

40. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes ________ we organize and

produce information.

A. in a way B. in the way C. in that way D. in no way 41. I have had great deal of trouble _________ the rest of the class.

A. coming up against B. making up for C. keeping up with D. living up to 42. Mark often attempts to escape ________ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined

43. It is recommended that the project ________ until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started 44. The survival of civilization as we know it is _________ threat. A. within B. under C. towards D. upon

45. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _________ movie could not hold

our attention.

A. three-hours B. three-hour C. three-hours‘ D. three-hour‘s 46. I advised them to withdraw ________.

A. so as to get not involved B. so as not to get involved C. so as to not get involved D. so not as to get involved 47. This result is quite different from ________.

A. that we expected B. those we expected C. what we expected D. we expected 48. Though ________ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted

his life to helping the deaf.

A. to remember B. he remembered C. remembered D. was remembered 49. The committee are unable to agree on whom they should elect to ________ Johnson. A. resign B. retire C. replace D. release

50. Things are known ________ when they unite with the oxygen of the air. A. burn B. burning C. to burn D. being burned

51. Mathematics, the study of numbers, shapes and space, is ________ many branches of

scientific researches such as astronomy and geology. A. applied to B. applied for C. applied at D. applied from

52. It was during the Johnson administration that the American students _______ against the

way in which the income tax was collected. A. prevented B. proposed C. protested D. protected

53. They are so diligent in their study that they ______ their sleep.

A. neglect B. overcome C. lose D. ignore

54. Fainting can result ______ either a lack of oxygen or a loss of blood. A. in B. because of C. from D. for 55. Graphite conducts electricity ______ doesn‘t burn. A. because B. if C. when D. and

56. A knot is a joining of two pieces of rope ______ of cord.

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.

.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69. 70.

71. 72.

A. with B. or C. because D. where

Wood furniture doesn‘t depreciate in value ______ properly handled and protected. A. if B. has C. and D. that

The man was seen ______ with something black in his hand.

A. run away B. be running away C. to run away D. ran away ______ white ginger, one scrapes and washes the roots before drying them. A. If makes B. When making C. Made D. The making of

The talks ______ the expansion of trade between the two neighboring countries were discontinued after certain protocol agreements were violated.

A. promote B. promoted by C. to promote D. promoting But for the flood, the ship ______ its destination on schedule.

A. will have reached B. had reached C. would have reached D. would reach The guests ______, Mrs. John decided to take a good rest. A. having left B. have left C. went D. going

Nearly three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered with water, and there would be even less land if the polar ice caps ______.

A. was to melt B. would melt C. were to melt D. melt It‘s very expensive to ______ the fashion.

A. go along with B. get on with C. keep up with D. carry on with

The top sportsman failed dismally in his first attempt to break the record, but his coach‘s encouraging ______ of voice helped him pick up his confidence soon. A. tone B. notion C. tune D. mood

I asked Jennifer about her opinion of my new job. She said, ―To be perfectly ________, I don‘t think you are the woman for the job. A. critical B. virtual C. frank D. valid

I was told that I would receive the notification of the result ______, but I just couldn‘t wait to know it.

A. at times B. on the whole C. in due course D. in unison

With the help of a metal detector, they discovered the wreckage lay ________ over 1 2,000-square-feet area, often buried beneath sand and seaweed. A. scattered B. separated C. dispersed D. distributed His ________ interest in chemistry has been replaced by dislike recently. A. inferior B. infinite C. initial D. innocent

However, at times this balance in nature is ________, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.

A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled A_____ to this problem is excepted to be found before long

A. result B. response C. settlement D. solution She said she liked dancing but was not in the________ for it just then. A. manner B. intention C. desire D. mood

73. Jessica thoroughly enjoyed the voyage and was ______ sea-sick.

A. nothing but B. not in the least C. at any rate D. by all accounts

74. Everyone in the city has ______ to the large collection of books on various subjects in

the city‘s public library.

A. alternative B. procedure C. access D. process 75. I knew him at work, but we never ______ after work

A. socialized B. socialize C. are social D. are society

76. In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _________ in Chicago and New York

City

A. homogeneously B. simultaneously C. spontaneously D. harmoniously

77. The sales manager ______ Franklin with a trip to Spain for his diligence and creativity in

work..

A. cultivated B. qualified C. reserved D. rewarded

78. After a month _______, the criminal was finally captured by the police.

A. on line B. on demand C. on the run D. on occasion

79. The theme of his speech was the need to conserve our natural________: oil, water, trees,

coal, and so on.

A. matters B. resources C. sources D. origins

80. Some scientists believe that HIV virus may have been present for centuries in a relatively

harmless form and only recently _______ into a more damaging one. A. involved B. emerged C. evolved D. faded

81. In countries where a solar calendar was _________, the length of each year needed to be

modified in order to have the same number of months in each year. A. received B. adopted C. utilized D. adapted

82. ________ the adult interacts with the child will determine to a great degree the extent to

which a child‘s potential can be realized. A. By the way B. On the way C. Through the way D. The way

83. Words with a similar form and rather familiar meaning are _________ to be confused.

A. possible B. liable C. probable D. capable

84. The school headmaster warned the student that he will be kicked out if this cheating

_______.

A. recurs B. resumes C. recovers D. repeats 85. You have made adequate _______ for the final examination, so you won‘t fail it.

A. investigations B. preparations C. experiments D. exercises 86. It was with the money you lent to me yesterday _______ I bought this new dictionary.

A. that B. which C. when D. what 87. He is absolutely convinced that the plan will work, but I‘m still a bit _______ about it.

A. incredible B. skeptical C. sensible D. sensitive 88. I spent $20,000 on government bonds, I hope that‘s a good _______.

A. achievement B. investment C. accomplishment D. performance . The other witnesses in court will _______ what I say.

A. hold to B. bear out C. turn out D. take back 90. _______ what others say, I think he is an honest and reliable guy.

A. Instead of B. Despite C. Although D. Regardless 91. Although numerous researches have been done on Egyptian Pyramids, how they were built

still remains a (an) _______.

A. imagination B. secret C. fantasy D. mystery 92. Soon after the summer vocation began, he found a (an) _______ job at the local restaurant.

A. temporary B. permanent C. occasional D. current 93. We can‘t decide whom we should trust. Their statements _______ with each other.

A. differ B. conflict C. argue D. oppose 94. In order to finish the project in time, the whole designing team have to work with greater

_______.

A. tension B. intensity C. emotion D. anxiety

95. Christmas is around the corner. Suisan is busy _______ the house with colorful paper

chains and leaves of holly and mistletoe.

A. painting B. designing C. decorating D. furnishing 96. In order to gain more profits, some businessmen try every means to _______ the officials in

charge.

A. compliment B. evaluate C. reward D. corrupt 97. Miraculously he overtook the other runners on the last _______ and won the 5000-meter

race.

A. lap B. circle C. track D. ring

98. The monotonous noise would stop _______ intervals, then resume after a while. A. at B. on C. with D. by

99. Some people say children are a good _______ against loneliness when one is old.

A. investigation B. investiture C. investor D. investment 100. It‘s not _______ her nature to do anything rude; she‘s polite _______ nature. A. in, by B. by, in C. of, by D. of, in

101. He was arrested at the airport for he was found _______ possession of dangerous drugs. A. in B. with C. on D. of

102. I am aware of the fact that _______ stands by the roadway cheering for Queen Victoria

dishonors Ireland.

A. anyone B. those C. whoever D. the person

103. Some of the greatest scholars are incapable when it comes to _______ on their knowledge to

others.

A. pass B. passing C. have it passed D. having it passed 104. I don‘t think it _______ so much money on this project.

A. worth spending B. worthwhile to spend C. worthy of spending D. worthily to spend

105. _______ as a member of the committee, I can testify that our system is in need of

improvement.

A. To serve B. Served C. Having served D. To be serving 106. It was as we searched deeper and deeper _______ we began to find evidence for a

conclusion.

A. that B. so that C. when D. while 107. She felt ill. She went to work, _______, and tried to concentrate.

A. instead B. however C. moreover D. indeed 108. To learn English well, it‘s necessary for students to _______ what they learn. A. set„into practice B. apply„into practice

C. put„into practice D. place„into practice

109. 25. _______ the new regulations have come into force, there are fewer accidents in the road. A. Because B. For C. Now that D. Seeing that 110. It‘s a miracle tat she _______ the operation with such a weak heart.

A. came over B. came through C. came out D. came round 111. It is _______ that they should have to wait ten hours just to have a look at their favorite

movie star.

A. ridiculous B. fascinating C. discouraging D. annoying 112. The police are ______the records of all those involved in the crime.

A. looking B. finding C. investigating D. inquiring

113. The contagious disease has killed 20 people so far. The situation _______ prompt action.

A. calls for B. calls out C. calls on D. calls up 114. This disturbing experience proved to be_______, since it taught me never to allow ideas

to become rooted in the mind.

A. as important B. as of importance C. on great importance D. of great importance

115. The president made a_______speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting,

which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.

A. vigorous B. tedious C. flat D. harsh 116. The enemy had to _______ after heavy losses.

A. restrain B. register C. retreat D. regulate 117. He was hit by a bullet but luckily he was only _______ wounded. A. barely B. hardly C. merely D. slightly

118. Don‘t run so much. You‘ll ________ yourself before the game begins. A. exhaust B. exaggerate C. consume D. constrain

119. 26. It was reported that only one passenger was fortunate to escape ________ in the plane

crash.

A. killing B. being killed C. to be killed D. having killed

120. After _______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to step into the doctor‘s office. A. it B. that C. what D. there

121. ________ people depend to such a great extent on forests, every effort must be made to

preserve trees and wildlife.

A. How B. Since C. That D. Which

122. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ________.

A. out of work B. out of stock C. out of reach D. out of practice

123. In Australia the Asians make their influence ________ in businesses large and small. A. feeling B. feel C. felt D. to be felt

124. Mark often attempts to escape ________ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined

125. No matter how frequently ________, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed

126. Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ________

sicknesses.

A. normal B. regular C. average D. ordinary

127. I‘d like to ________ this old car with a new model but I can‘t afford it. A. replace B. exchange C. convert D. transmit 128. This result is quite different from ________.

A. that we expected B. those we expected C. what we expected D. we expected

129. With the advancement of technology, computers have come into the market, _______ capable

of doing very complicated calculations at great speed.

A. that they are B. which they are C. that is D. which are

130. The company manager may enable the man who tends the machines ________ a large

panorama of possibilities.

A. to see B. seeing C. see D. seen

131. He ________ to get some cards for his birthday, but none arrived. A. promised B. assumed C. expected D. supposed

132. One foolish mistake can ________ you in a good deal of trouble. A. include B. induce C. involve D. inspire 133. His mother bought a large chunk of meat.

A. excessive B. massive C. plentiful D. extravagant 134. His father gave him the alternative of going on to college or starting to work. A. alternation B. possibility C. choice D. chance 135. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull. A. confuses B. excites C. scares D. diverts

136. Most of the streets of Manhattan were laid out systematically, making it easy for people to find their way.

A. methodically B. accurately C. clearly D. geometrically 137. While serving the Senate, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems.

A. list B. handle C. forbid D. investigate 138. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressure of industrial society. A. For the most part B. Truly C. However D. Further

139. Intelligent animals modify their behavior in accordance with the demands of the situation or of the environment.

A. change suddenly B. change slightly C. change completely D. change greatly 140. She had to move because she could not tolerate her roommate‘s friends.

A. put up to B. put up on C. put up with D. put up across 141. He was often told that he looked like his father.

A. reproached B. resembled C. restrained D. assembled 142. John has made substantial improvement in arithmetic.

A. considerable B. vital C. absolute D. unique 143. The heat in the little room exposed all day to the glaring sun was ________. A. intolerant B. intolerance C. tolerance D. intolerable 144. I have no ________ but to cry for help.

A. alteration B. alternative C. alternation D. chance

145. Quite different from their counterpart living in the Antarctic area, they ________ the tropical

forests.

A. dwell B. reside C. inhabit D. live

146. Things that are the luxuries of one generation become the ________ of the next, such as

television, telephone, etc.

A. necessary B. necessaries C. necessity D. necessities

III. Cloze

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1.

1 body cells are die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the 2 cells may not be as viable or as capable 3 growth as those of a young person. Another 4 in aging may be changes within the cells 5 .

Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known 6 with age and became less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and 7 . This is also the reason old people __8__ in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and 9 information that the cells need. Aging may affect this 10 and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.

2.

Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than they 1 . Yet all living things still show the 2 of aging, which will eventually 3 death.

Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the 4 they form do not function as well as they 5 in childhood and adolescence. The body provides less 6 against disease and is more inclined 7 accident. A number of related causes may 8 to aging. Some cells of the body have fairly long life, but they are not 9 when they die. As a person ages, 10 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.

3.

Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in

nursing homes. They are left in the _1_ of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their _2 children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any _3_ visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an _4_ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care _5_ elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied _6_ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the _7_ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. _8_ , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years _9_ , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers_10_ a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the __11__ people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they __12__ do the job better than anyone else. Social workers __13__ caregivers to find out why they took __14__the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had __15__ to help their relative. Some stated that helping others__16__them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping __17__ now, they would deserve care when they became old and __18__Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a __19__ satisfying experience for everyone who might be __20__.

4. The following passage is taken from one of the texts you have learned. Read the passage and fill in each of the numbered blanks with the exact word that appears in your textbook.

Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to 1 . Mostly I 2 into a chair and stare into 3 while I imagine how lovely life would be if only I 54 the organizational skills and the energy of my 5 . In fact, I waste a good deal of my 6 time just worrying about what other women are 7 in theirs. Sometimes I think that these modern fairy 8 create as many problems for women as the old stories that has us 9 our time for the day our prince would 0 .

IV. Error-detection (10%)

Directions: Each of the following sentences has four parts underlined and marked A, B, C and D You are to identify the one that is incorrect.

1. The old lady can still see in her mind eye every piece of furniture in the house where she A B C

lived as a child. D

2. After a number of vanity attempts to climb the mountain we were forced to return to camp. A B C D

3. Everyone was tired, so Bill got to his feet and made a motion that the meeting was adjourned. A. B. C. D. 4. Professor Smith is going to show us what the newly-design computer software can do for our A B C D

project.

5. Mary, along with several other students, has been chosen to take part in the speech contest to A B C

being held in August. D

6. Michael Stone set a new world record at the National Junior Olympics and numerical people A B C

congratulated him on his great achievement. D

7. Although I have been teaching for more than ten years, rarely have I seen a student who is so A B C

absorbing in English. D

8. John has been living on his own since he has been eighteen but he comes back to see his

A B C

parents at regular intervals. D

9. Mary was heartbreaking when I told her Peter was dating another girl at the same time. If A B C

only I hadn‘t told her about that. D

10. Strictly speaking, she was not qualified to the job, but we employed her because of her

A B C D

honesty.

11. After resting in the small village for half an hour, he set off by foot for the distant hills. A B C D

12. The measures taken to deal with the spreading of the disease turned out much less

A B

effectiveness than previously expected. C D

13. The old lady is proud of her two daughters-in-law who have accomplished lot respectively in A B C D

their fields.

14. The use of plastics made it possible for many new kinds of tools being invented. A B C D

15. The heavy rain having stopped, we went on with our journey and got there forty minute later. A B C D 16. That makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak. A B C D

17. 10. The fact that he annoyed you doesn‘t justifiable your treating him that way. A B C D

18. Praise is particularly appreciated by those done routine jobs, waitresses and housewives, for

A B C D instance.

19. Color television sets and telephones, a necessity in city homes, was considered a luxury in

A B C

China 30 years ago. D

20. When I entered the living room, Mother didn‘t say anything, but I noticed a surprise look A B C

come over her face. D

V. Writing (write at least 80 words)  Studying Abroad(留学):

 留学的好处  留学的坏处  你的看法

 On Extracurricular Activities(课外活动)

 课外活动的好处  课外活动的坏处  你的看法

 Home Tutoring(家教)

 家教的好处  家教的坏处  你的看法  English Learning

 为什么要学英语  主要的困难在哪里  你认为应该怎么学

 Traveling Abroad(国外旅游)

 国外旅游的好处  国外旅游的坏处  你的看法

 大学生的兴趣的变化

 校园大学生过去-现在的兴趣侧重点

 文学艺术---电脑商务等  对英语学习重视起来

 英语的重要性,  实用性