2020-2021学年河南省名校联盟高二(下)期末英语试卷(附答案详解)

2020-2021学年河南省名校联盟高二（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

Britain's brilliant bridges have aided trade and brought communities together and are always the most exciting part of the journey.These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.

Clifton Suspension Bridge,Bristol

Described by its legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as \"my first love,my darling\"，in was originally designed for horse-drawn traffic.Now,more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1，352 ft-Jong toll（收费） bridge over the Avon Gorge.The £l toll for every journey pays for its repair.The history of the bridge,dating back to 18，is kept alive through a programme of tours,events and exhibitions. Infinity Bridge,Stockton-On-Tees

A pedestrian and cycle footbridge across the River Tees,its working title was the North Shore Footbridge,before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009.It is particularly spectacular（壮观）at night.The arches of the bridge are also lit white and,on calm nights,their reflection in the water appears as an infinity symbol,thereby inspiring the name which was chosen by the public. Tower Bridge,London

An engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Cornish granite,Portland stone and steel,it took construction workers eight years to complete.More than 120 years old,it's a popular tourist attraction,as well as a functional bridge.Visitors can take in the views over the capital and experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor. Iron Bridge,Shropshire

Opened in 1781，this is the first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron.Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution,it transformed the creat of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire. 1. Which bridge has the longest history？ ______

A. Clifton Suspension Bridge. C. Tower Bridge.

B. Infinity Bridge. D. Iron Bridge.

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2. What can we know about Infinity Bridge？ ______

A. People can just walk on it. B. The public give it two names. C. It's well worth visiting at night. D. Its arch is the biggest on the earth.

3. What do Clifton Suspension Bridge and Tower Bridge have in common？ ______

A. They are both over 120 years old. B. Visitors should pay for passing them. C. They have the same original design.

D. Visitors can have a good view of London on them.

B

After beating bone cancer,Hayley Arceneaux thinks rocketing into orbit on SpaceX's first private flight should be no problem at all.St.Jude Children's Research Hospital announced the 29-year-old doctor's assistant will rocket into space later this year.

Arceneaux—a former patient at St.Jude—will become the youngest American in space,beating NASA record-holder Sally Ride by over two years.She will travel with businessman Jared Isaacman,who is using the spaceflight he bought to raise money for charity.

When she was 10，Arceneaux had an operation at St.Jude to replace her knee and a piece of metal was put in her left leg.She still limps and has occasional leg pain.

\"My battle with cancer really prepared me for space travel,\" she recently told The Associated Press. \"It made me tough,and then also I think it really taught me to expect the unexpected and go along for the ride.\"

Arceneaux wants to show her young patients and other cancer survivors that \"the sky is not even the limit anymore.\" \"It's going to mean so much to these kids to see a survivor in space,\" she said.

Isaacman announced his space flight on February 1，promising to raise ﹩200 million for St.Jude.He will provide half of the amount himself.As the flight's self-appointed

commander,he offered one of the four seats aboard SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft to St.Jude.The hospital chose Arceneaux from among its many workers who had once been patients.The idea was that one of them could represent the new generation,noted Rick Shadyac,president of St.Jude's financing organization.

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A lifelong space fan who loves adventures,Arceneaux has traveled widely and loves rollercoasters.Isaacman,who flies fighter airplanes for fun,considers her a perfect fit. The launch is planned for this fall at NASA's Kennedy Space Center,with the spacecraft orbiting Earth for two to four days.

4. How old was Sally Ride probably when she was first in space？ ______

A. 12. B. 27. C. 29. D. 32.

5. What do we know about Arceneaux？ ______

A. She had a car accident. C. She is a worker at St.Jude.

B. She was a survivor in space. D. She wants to raise money.

6. Why did Isaacman plan the space flight？ ______

A. To fly just for fun. C. To purchase a spaceship.

B. To raise money for St.Jude. D. To inspire more space fans.

7. Why was Arceneaux chosen for the space travel？ ______

A. She is a hero in beating cancer. B. She has experienced the space flight. C. She is adventurous and a space fan. D. She can stand for the new generation.

C

Poachingand habitat loss have threatened Africa's two species of elephants,taking them （偷猎）closer toward the edge of extinction,according to a new report released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN）.

Before this update,Africa 's elephants were grouped together and were evaluated as vulnerable（脆弱的） by the IUCN.This is the first time the two species have been classified separately.In the past,elephants were mostly considered as either Asian elephants or African elephants.Forest and savanna elephants were typically classified as subspecies of African elephants.

The African forest elephant is now listed as critically endangered and the African savanna elephant as endangered.The number of African forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a 31-year assessment period.The population of African savanna elephants dropped by at least 60% over the last 50 years,according to the IUCN，which tracks the assessment risk of the world's animals.Africa currently has an estimated 415，000 elephants,counting the two species together. Both elephant species experienced significant population decreases because of

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poaching.Although it peaked in 2011，illegal hunting still happens and continues to threaten elephant populations.African elephants also face continued habitat loss as their land is converted for agriculture or other uses.

There is some good conservation news,the IUCN points out.Anti-poaching measures,combined with better land use planning to support better human-wildlife relationships,have helped conservation efforts.Some forest elephant population figures have stabilized in well-managed are as in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and savanna population figures have remained stable or have been growing,particularly in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area in southern Africa.

But with persistent demand for ivory and increasing human pressures on Africa's wild lands,concern for Africa's elephants is high,and the need to creatively conserve and wisely manage these animals and their habitats is severer than ever.

8. Which of the following can describe African forest elephants？ ______

A. Their situation is even worse. B. They are divided into two kinds. C. They're under threat due to poaching only. D. Their population has grown in Gabon.

9. What does the underlined word \"converted\" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ ______

A. Expanded. B. Accumulated. C. Transformed. D. Classified.

10. What's the author's attitude to the present situation of African elephants？ ______

A. Uninterested. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Worried.

11. What's the main idea of the text？ ______

A. Poaching and habitat loss will make elephants extinct. B. Both of Africa's elephant species are now endangered. C. More and more African elephants are being illegally hunted. D. More measures should be taken to protect African elephants.

D

A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.

The state-run Xinhua news agency recently reported that the robot launched on the

government's Long March 6 rocket along with several satellites.The robot will also investigate deep space to observe small objects in the universe.The 30-kilogram robot,called NEO-01，

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was developed by Origin Space.Founded in 2019 and based in the southern Chinese tech hub Shenzhen,Origin Space has been dedicated to exploring and using space resources,according to the company.The company says the robot will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids（小行星）.

The world's first asteroid mining company,Planetary Resources,was established in 2009.Since then,more than 12 businesses around the world have entered the industry,including 3 D Systems of the United States and Japan's Astroscale.Astroscale's technology uses magnets（磁铁）to gather up space waste.But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then burn it.Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide.As they are used for too long,many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk. Su Meng is the founder of Origin Space.He said the company plans to launch many space telescopes and more spacecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045.Su added that NEO-01 will serve as a prototype（雏形） of future space mining robots,which can use rich mineral resources on asteroids to support the development of the space industry. The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collect materials.China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids.The country aims to follow Russia and the United States in becoming a major space power by 2030.

12. What can we know about NEO-01？ ______

A. It weighs 60 kilograms.

B. It was created by Planetary Resources. C. It will be burnt after accomplishing its mission. D. It is mainly used to catch space waste.

13. Why does China try to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid？ ______

A. To collect materials. B. To build a defense system.

C. To catch up with Russia and America.

D. To support the development of the space industry.

14. It can be learned from the text that ______ .

A. China will be the most powerful in space by 2030 B. Origin Space will open more mines on asteroids

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C. it is those useless satellites that make space waste D. the robot will look into deep space for more waste

15. What can be the best title for the text？ ______

A. NEO-01，a smart robot used in space B. A Chinese robot can catch space waste C. A new robot makes China a space power D. NEO-01，the pioneer of future space robots

二、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

When I was a boy growing up I cannot once ever remember either my mom or my grandmother wasting food.Anything we didn't eat at one meal was(16)，stored ，and served as leftovers later on.I can(17) my grandmother making a huge pot of brown beans with a large cake of cornbread.We would all eat until we were(18) but there was always about half of the beans(19).A few days later Grandmother would take those(20) out of the refrigerator,boil pasta,add parsley and(21) them all together into her delicious Pasta Fasule.And （意大利面食）I also remember when I(22)my mom fry bacon for us in the mornings she would always take the butter and(23)pour it into a container.Then she later would(24) it to flavor up（调味）so many other dishes.

I learned their(25) well and after I grew up I tried to never(26) food myself.I always(27) the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping(28)so nothing went to waste.Every(29)went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself,my boys,or my dogs.To me throwing food in the trash was just(30).All the work it took to grow it,harvest it,and prepare it needed to be (31)and not wasted.

I(32) something else over the years,however：When it comes to(33)there are no leftovers.Each moment that you don't live is(34)forever.Life cannot be saved.Life cannot be(35).Life has to be lived,TODAY! 16. A. thrown 17. A. remember 18. A. uncomfortable 19. A. picked out 20. A. cakes 21. A. roll 22. A. watched

B. abandoned B. witness B. full B. left over B. pots B. dip B. felt

C. saved C. imagine C. unbearable C. made use of C. dishes C. mix C. heard

D. poured D. assist D. content D. fed up with D. beans D. fry D. helped

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23. A. frequently 24. A. swallow 25. A. recipes 26. A. make 27. A. planned 28. A. bill 29. A. vegetable 30. A. wrong 31. A. confirmed 32. A. regretted 33. A. living 34. A. broken 35. A. replaced

B. carefully B. remove B. experiments B. purchase B. cooked B. list B. soup B. common B. ignored B. admitted B. thinking B. lost B. transformed

C. curiously C. digest C. lessons C. reserve C. distributed C. bag C. material C. awesome C. recycled C. learned C. shopping C. hidden C. stored

D. abruptly D. use D. procedures D. waste D. collected D. spot D. meal D. endless D. honored D. expected D. ending D. occupied D. defeated

三、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

36. Exercise might seem like a chore sometimes, (1) when we get told so often that （especial）

we should exercise more.But we need to get up and start moving.Many of us spend too much time (2) （sit）and staring at screens.Most teen girls don't meet the standards for physical activity.Getting (3) about this,though,doesn't really help.And that's too （ scold）bad,because exercise can be both fun and good for the body and the brain.

Exercise is (4) healthy way,which is not only good for your muscles,but also good for your bones.Getting exercise (5) （ help） teens build tough skeletons.And teens who exercise more often grow up into adults with much (6) （ strong） bones.

Exercise can increase how much oxygen and blood gets to the brain,and even how the brain is structured.Working (7) can produce chemicals in our bodies that might help prevent depression.And a workout after learning something can help us form and preserve a great number of (8) （ memory）.

So maybe it's no surprise (9) so many scientists study exercise.There are some scientists,for instance,who study what makes winning runners so fast.Others study astronauts in space (10) （find）out how to keep humans healthy both on and off planet Earth.

四、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

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37. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用（\\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Yesterday my daughter was working at McDonald's while a lovely old couple brought their grandchildren in for a meal.She served them at once and when they finished a grandfather walked back and asked how many two ice creams were.She told him two ice creams will be ﹩1.40.He sighed but said,\"That's OK.I don't have enough.\" The little kids' face fell.My 17-year-old daughter said,\"That's OK.I'll pay for it.\" The old man came back after the kids had finished and thanked her polite and told her it made his heart to burst.It was only ﹩1.40 but I'm so proud my daughter. 五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

38. 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jonah 发来邮件询问你最喜欢的一本书籍，现请你根

据以下要点给他回信。要点如下： 1.书籍简介；

2.对你的影响（举例）。 注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】A

【解析】（1）D .细节理解题。根据第二段Clifton Suspension Bridge,Bristol-The history of the bridge,dating back to 18.这座桥的历史可以追溯到18年；Infinity

Bridge,Stockton-On-Tees-before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009.在2009年开放时，它被赋予了一个更宏大的名字；Tower Bridge,London-More than 120 years old,it's a popular tourist attraction.它有120多年的历史，Iron 是一个很受欢迎的旅游景点；Bridge,Shropshire-Opened in 1781，this is the first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron.这座拱桥建于1781年，是世界上第一座用铸铁建造的拱桥。可知，这四座桥历史最长的是Iron Bridge,故选D。

（2）C.推理判断题。根据Infinity Bridge,Stockton-On-Tees介绍内容It is particularly spectacular（壮观）at night.The arches of the bridge are also lit white and,on calm nights,their reflection in the water appears as an infinity symbol,thereby inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.它在夜晚的时候特别壮观。桥的拱门也被点亮，在平静的夜晚，它们在水中的倒影成为一个无限的象征，从而使得公众给它取名字带来了灵感。可知，在夜间的时候非常值得游览Infinity Bridge,故选C。

（3）A.推理判断题。根据Clifton Suspension Bridge,Bristol介绍内容The history of the bridge,dating back to 18.这座桥的历史可以追溯到18年。该桥已有150多年的历史；Tower Bridge,London-More than 120 years old,it's a popular tourist attraction.它有120多年的历史，是一个很受欢迎的旅游景点。可知，Clifton Suspension Bridge和Tower Bridge均有120多年的历史，故选A。

本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要向读者介绍了英国有名的一些桥梁，并对其进行了说明。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4.【答案】

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【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】B 【小题4】D

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。通过文章首段the

29-year-old doctor's assistant will rocket into space later this year. （这位29岁医生的助手将于今年晚些时候\"飞入太空。）\"及第二段中

\"Arceneaux—a former patient at St.Jude—will become the youngest American in space,beating NASA record-holder Sally Ride by over two years. （Arceneaux以前是St.Jude医院的病人，他将成为太空中最年轻的美国人，比美国宇航局纪录保持者Sally Ride早两年多。）\"可知，Hayley Arceneaux现在29岁，而她将比目前的纪录保持者Sally Ride早两年多，因此推知Sally Ride当时上太空时最可能是32岁。故选D项。 （2）C.细节理解题。通过文章第五段

\"Arceneaux wants to show her young patients （Arceneaux想让她的年轻病人看看。）\"以及第六段中的\"The hospital chose Arceneaux from among its many workers （医院从众多工\"可知，Arceneaux是St.Jude医院的一名助理医生。人中挑选了Arceneaux。）故选C项。 （3）B.细节理解题。通过文章第二段\"Jared Isaacman,who is using the space

flight he bought to raise money for charity.Jared Isacman将利用他购买的太空飞船为慈善机构筹集资金。）\"以及第六段中的\"Isaacman announced his space flight on February 1，promising to raise ﹩200 million for St.Jude. （Isaacman于2月1日宣布了他的太空计划，并承诺为St.Jude筹集2亿美元。）\"可知，Isaacman是想通过这次太空之旅为St.Jude医院筹集资金。故选B项。

（4）D.细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的

The idea was that one of them could represent the new generation （他们的想法是，其中一个可以代表新一代。）\" 可知，Arceneaux被医院选中是考虑到她能代表新一代人。故选D项。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hayley Arceneaux是一位抗癌 成功女性，现在她有望成为美国进入太空最年轻的纪录持有者。这次太空之旅是由富商Jared Isaacman赞助及组织的，旨在为慈善机构筹集资金。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。

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其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

8.【答案】

【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】B

A.推理判断题。【解析】（1）通过文章第三段中的The African forest elephant is now listed as critically endangered and the African savanna elephant as endangered. （非洲森林象现在被列为极度濒危物种，非洲稀树草原象被列为濒危物种。）可推知，相比于濒危的稀树草原象，非洲森林大象被列为极度濒危物种，因此它们的情况更为糟糕。故选A项。 （2）C.词句猜测题。通过画线词上文African elephants also face continued habitat loss as their land. （非洲象的栖息地也面临持续的丧失。）以及下文for agriculture or other uses （用于农业或其他用途。）可推知，非洲象的栖息地被改造为农业耕地或用于其他用途，B.Accumulated所以画线词\"converted\"应意为\"转换、改变\"。结合选项A.Expanded扩大；积累；C.Transformed转换，改变；D.Classified分类。故选C项。

（3）D.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的concern for Africa's elephants is high,and the need to creatively conserve and wisely manage these animals and their habitats is severer than ever （人们对非洲大象的担忧越来越严重，创造性地保护和明智地管理这些动物及其栖息地的需求比以往任何时候都更加迫切。）可推知，作者认为人们对非洲大象的处境表示担忧，作者对它们的现状也感到担忧。结合选项A.Uninterested不感兴趣的；B.Optimistic乐观的；C.Uncertain不确定的；D.Worried担忧的。故选D项。

（4）B.主旨大意题。通读全文，再通过文章首段Poaching and habitat loss have threatened Africa's two species of elephants,taking them closer toward the edge of extinction（偷猎和栖息地的丧失已经威胁到非洲的这两种大象，使它们更接近灭绝的边缘。）可推知，本文的主旨是两种非洲象现在都濒临灭绝。故选B项。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因为偷猎和栖息地的丧失，非洲两个物种的大象已经遭受严重威胁，处于灭绝的边缘。本文报道这个事实以唤醒人类的注意。

考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

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确的选择。

12.【答案】

【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】C 【小题4】B

D.细节理解题。【解析】（1）根据第一段中的A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.（中国一家航天采矿公司设计了一种机器人，可以用一个大网捕捉太空飞船留下的废料。）和第三段中的But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then burn it. （但是起源空间网站上的一份报告说，NEO-01将使用一个网来捕获垃圾，然后燃烧它们。）可知，NEO-01这款机器人主要是用来捕获太空垃圾的。故选D项。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near- Earth asteroid to collect materials.（新华社报道说，中国正在加大力度将航天器降落在近地小行星上以收集材料。）可知，中国正在加大努力让航天器登陆近地小行星以收集材料。故选A项。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide.As they are used for t0 o long,many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk.（全世界已经发射了数千颗卫星。由于使用时间过长，许多最终成为废物，使其他正在运行的卫星处于危险之中。）可知，全球已经发射了成千上万颗卫星，随着它们的寿命超出使用期限，大多数最终会成为太空垃圾。故选C项。

B.标题判断题。（4）根据第一段中的A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.（中国一家航天采矿公司设计了一种机器人，可以用一个大网捕捉太空飞船留下的废料。）可知，本文主要是报道了一家中国太空采矿公司设计了一种机器人，它可以通过一张大网B项A Chinese robot can catch space waste\"中国机捕获航天器在外太空留下的废弃物质，

器人可以捕捉太空垃圾\"符合文意，适合作为标题。故选B项。

本文是一篇社会文化类说明文。一家中国太空采矿公司设计了一种机器人，它可以通过一张大网捕获航天器在外太空留下的废弃物质。该机器人连同几颗卫星一起搭载中国的长征6号火箭发射升空。

考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

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确的选择。

16.【答案】

【小题1】C 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】B 【小题5】D 【小题6】C 【小题7】A 【小题8】B 【小题9】D 【小题10】C 【小题11】D 【小题12】A 【小题13】B 【小题14】D 【小题15】A 【小题16】D 【小题17】C 【小题18】A 【小题19】B 【小题20】C

C．A.thrown扔；B.abandoned抛弃；C.saved保存；【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。D.poured倒出。句意：我们一顿饭没吃的东西都被保存起来，储存起来，然后作为剩菜。根据下文\"stored,and served as leftovers later on\"可知，此处表示把剩菜保存起来。故选C项。

A．A.remember记得；B.witness目击；C.imagine想象；D.assist（2）考查动词及语境理解。帮助。句意：我记得祖母做了一大锅粽豆和一个大的玉米面包蛋糕。根据下文\"And I also remember\"可知，作者依旧记得外婆是怎样处理剩菜的。故选A项。

（3）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.full饱的；C.unbearable难以忍受的；D.content满意的。句意：我们都会一直吃到吃饱为止，但总有一半左右的豆子剩下。根据上文\"We would all eat until we were\"可知，此处表示会一直吃到饱为止。故选B项。

（4）B．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.picked out挑选；B.left over留下；C.made use of利用；D.fed up with受够了。句意：我们都会一直吃到吃饱为止，但总有一半左右的豆子剩下。根据下文\"but there was always about half of the beans\"可知，虽然他们每次都吃饱了，但还是剩下大约一半的豆子。故选B项。

（5）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.cakes蛋糕；B.pots锅；C.dishes菜肴；D.beans豆子。句意：几天后，祖母会把这些豆子从冰箱里拿出来，煮意大利面，加入欧芹，把它们混合在一起，做成美味的意大利面。根据上文\"about half of the beans\"可知，此处指把剩下的豆子从冰箱中取出，煮意大利面。故选D项。

（6）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.roll滚动；B.dip浸；C.mix混合；D.fry油炸。句意：几天后，祖母会把这些豆子从冰箱里拿出来，煮意大利面，加入欧芹，把它们混合在一起，做成美味的意大利面。根据下文\"them all together into her delicious Pasta Fasule\"可知，

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此处表示把豆子和欧芹混合到意大利面里。故选C项。

（7）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.watched看；B.felt感觉；C.heard听；D.helped帮助。句意：我还记得，当我看到妈妈早上为我们煎培根时，她总是把黄油小心地倒进一个容器里。根据下文\"my mom fry bacon for us in the mornings\"可知，这里指作者看妈妈煎培根。故选A项。

（8）B．考查副词及语境理解。A.frequently频繁地；B.carefully仔细地；C.curiously好奇地；D.abruptly突然地。句意：我还记得，当我看到妈妈早上为我们煎培根时，她总是把黄油小心地倒进一个容器里。根据上文\"When I was a boy growing up I cannot once ever remember either my mom or my grandmother wasting food.\"可知，作者一家都很珍惜粮食，所以妈妈在制作食物时小心地将黄油倒进容器里。故选B项。

（9）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.swallow吞；B.remove去除；C.digest消化；D.use使用。句意：后来她会用它来调味其他菜肴。根据下文\"it to flavor up so many other dishes.\"可知，此处指用多余的黄油调味其他的菜。故选D项。

（10）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.recipes食谱；B.experiments实验；C.lessons经验，教训；D.procedures程序。句意：我很好地吸取了他们的经验，长大后我自己也尽量不浪费食物。根据下文\"after I grew up I tried to never waste food myself.\"可知，作者也不浪费食物，很好的学习了家人这种节约食物的经验。故选C项。

D．A.make制作；B.purchase购买；C.reserve保留；D.waste（11）考查动词及语境理解。浪费。句意：我很好地吸取了他们的经验，长大后我自己也尽量不浪费食物。根据下文\"so nothing went to waste\"可知，作者尽量不浪费食物。故选D项。

（12）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.planned计划；B.cooked烹饪；C.distributed分布；D.collected收集。句意：我总是提前计划好一周的膳食，只买我买的东西，所以什么都不会浪费。根据下文\"the week's meals ahead of time\"可知，此处指提前计划好一周的饮食。故选A项。

（13）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.bill账单；B.list列表；C.bag包；D.spot地点。句意：我总是提前计划一周的饮食，只买购物单上的东西，所以什么都不会浪费。根据上文\"the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping\"可知，是指购买购物清单上的东西。故选B项。

（14）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.vegetable蔬菜；B.soup汤；C.material材料；D.meal饭。句意：每顿饭都进了我们的胃，剩下的食物之后都被我、我的孩子或我的狗吃掉了。根据下文\"went into our stomachs\"可知，此处是指每一顿饭都吃进肚子里。故选D项。 （15）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A.wrong错误的；B.common普通的；C.awesome令

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人敬畏的；D.endless无尽的。句意：对我来说，把食物扔进垃圾桶是不对的。根据下文\"All the work it took to grow it,harvest it,and prepare it needed to be recycled and not wasted.\"可知，作者是非常反对浪费的，认为把食物扔进垃圾桶是错误的。故选A项。 （16）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed确认；B.ignored忽视；C.recycled回收；D.honored尊重。句意：种植、收获和准备所需的所有工作都需要尊重，而不是浪费。根据上文\"All the work it took to grow it,harvest it,and prepare it needed to be\"和下文\"not wasted\"可知，种植、收获和准备都是劳动成果，不应该被浪费，所有的工作都应被尊重。故选D项。

（17）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.regretted后悔；B.admitted承认；C.learned学习；D.expected期望。句意：然而，这些年来我学到了另一件事：生活中没有剩饭剩菜。根据上文\"I learned their lessons well\"可知，此处表示还学到了其他东西。故选C项。 A．A.living生活；B.thinking想法；C.shopping购物；D.ending（18）考查名词及语境理解。结局。句意：然而，这些年来我学到了另一件事：生活中没有剩饭剩菜。根据下文\" Life cannot be saved. \"可知，生活是无法挽救的，此处是作者对生活的认识。故选A项。 （19）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.broken打破；B.lost失去；C.hidden隐藏；D.occupied占据。句意：你失去的每一刻都将永远失去。根据下文\"Life cannot be saved\"可知，生活无法挽救，所以失去了就是永远失去了。故选B项。

C．A.replaced替代；B.transformed使改观；C.stored储存；（20）考查动词及语境理解。D.defeated击败。句意：生命不能储存。根据上文\"Life cannot be saved.\"可知，生活无法挽救，所以生活是无法保存的。作者拿食物保存不浪费和生活无法保存作对比，告诉我们必须要珍惜生活。故选C项。

本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小受外婆和妈妈的熏陶，学会了保存和充分利用剩菜而不浪费。作者在以后的生活中从不浪费，认为我们要尊重所有的劳动成果。 完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。

36.【答案】【小题1】especially

【小题2】sitting 【小题3】scolded 【小题4】a 【小题5】helps 【小题6】stronger

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【小题7】out 【小题8】memories 【小题9】that 【小题10】to find

【解析】（1）especially.考查副词。句意：锻炼有时看起来像是一件苦差事，尤其是当我们经常被告知我们应该多锻炼的时候。此处修饰后面的句子，引出下文，因此使用副词形式。故填especially。

（2）sitting.考查动名词。句意：我们很多人花太多时间坐着盯着屏幕。此处为固定结构spend time （ in ） doing sth.表示\"花费时间做某事\"之意。故填sitting。

（3）scolded.考查过去分词。句意：然而，为此挨骂并没有什么帮助。get done 这一结构，表示被动关系。故填scolded。

（4）a.考查冠词。句意：锻炼是一种健康的方式，它不仅对你的肌肉有好处，而且对你的骨骼也有好处。表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。故填a。

（5）helps.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：锻炼有助于青少年强健的骨骼。上下文语境为一般现在时，且动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填helps。

（6）stronger.考查形容词比较级。句意：经常锻炼的青少年长大后骨骼会更强壮。根据句子前面的more often和空前的much 可知，此处形容词要使用比较级形式。故填stronger。

（7）out.考查副词。句意：锻炼可以在我们的身体中产生有助于预防抑郁的化学物质。此处为固定搭配 work out有\"锻炼\"之意。故填out。

（8）memories.考查复数名词。句意：学习后的锻炼可以帮助我们形成和保存大量的记忆。根据前面的a great number of 可知，memory使用复数形式。故填memories。 （9）that.考查主语从句。句意：所以，这么多科学家研究运动也许就不足为奇了。此处为that引导的主语从句，that在从句中不作成分无含义，句中的it为形式主语。故填that。

（10）to find.考查不定式。句意：还有一些人研究太空中的宇航员，以找出如何在地球内外保持人类健康。此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语。故填to find。 本文讲述了锻炼的好处：强健身体，防止抑郁，增强记忆力等。

本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词

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的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

37.【答案】Yesterday my daughter was working at McDonald's while a lovely old couple brought their grandchildren in for a meal.She served them at once and when they

finished a grandfather walked back and asked how many two ice creams were.She told him two ice creams will be＄1.40.He sighed but said, \"That's OK.I don't have enough.\" The little kids' face fell.My 17-year-old daughter said, \"That's OK.I'll pay for it.\" The old man came back after the kids had finished and thanked her polite and told her it made his heart to burst.It was only ＄1.40 but I'm so proud ∧ my daughter. 详解：

（1）while改为when.考查连词。句意：昨天，我的女儿在麦当劳工作，一对可爱的老sb.was doing sth.when...，夫妇带着他们的孙子孙女来吃饭。某人正在做某事，这时……，故while改为when.

（2）a改为the.考查冠词。句意：她马上把给他们上菜，当他们吃完的时候，这位爷爷走回来问两个冰淇淋多少钱。特指前面提到的，所以用定冠词，故a改为the. many改为much.考查how many和how much的区别。（3）句意：她马上把给他们上菜，当他们吃完的时候，这位爷爷走回来问两个冰淇淋多少钱。\"多少钱\"，用how much,修饰或指代不可数名词，how many指代可数名词复数，故many改为much.

（4）will改为would.考查时态。句意：她告诉他两个冰淇淋要1.4美元。描述过去的事情，表示\"常常\"，所以用would,故will改为would.

（5）but改为and.考查连词。句意：他叹了口气说：\"好吧。我的钱不够。\"孩子们的脸沉了下来。前后表示转折关系，而是并列关系，所以用and连接，故but改为and. （6）face改为faces.考查名词。句意：他叹了口气说：\"好吧。我的钱不够。\"孩子们的脸沉了下来。指kids的face,表示不止一个，所以用复数名词，故face改为faces. （7）it改为them.考查人称代词。句意：我17岁的女儿说：\"没关系。我会付钱的。\"指two ice creams,所以用them作宾语，故it改为them.

（8）polite改为politely.考查副词。句意：孩子们吃完后，老人回来了，礼貌地向她道谢，并告诉她这让他的心都要碎了。修饰动词，所以用副词，故polite改为politely. （9）去掉to.考查不定式。句意：孩子们吃完后，老人回来了，礼貌地向她道谢，并告诉她这让他的心都要碎了。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事，故去掉to.

（10）proud后面加of.考查介词。句意：只花了1.4美元，但我为我的女儿感到骄傲。

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be proud of因……而自豪，故proud后面加of.

【解析】本文讲述作者17岁的女儿在麦当劳打工时，替一位老爷爷支付给孙子孙女买冰淇淋的故事，作者为自己的女儿感到自豪。

1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。

2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。

3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。

38.【答案】Dear Jonah,

How are you？I'm writing to share my favorite book with you.（分享书）

My favorite book is called How to Improve English Writing,the color of whose cover is white and yellow.【高分句型一】It has 126 pages.It's a birthday gift from my sister.（书籍简介） Last term I did poorly in an important English test.One of the biggest reasons was that I got poor marks in the writing part.I was very upset.It was my sister who sent me 【高分句型二】this book and encouraged me to improve my writing.From then on I spent more time on writing.Thanks to the book,I have made great progress in writing.I love this book.（对你的影响） Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua

【解析】高分句型一：My favorite book is called Howe to Improve English Writing,the color of whose cover is white and yellow.

翻译：我最喜欢的书叫做如何提高英语写作，它的封面是白黄相间的。 分析：这句话使用了whose引导的定语从句，

高分句型二：One of the biggest reasons was that I got poor marks in the writing part. 翻译：最大的原因之一就是我的写作分数很低。 分析：这句话使用了that引导的表语从句。

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这是一篇提纲作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些內容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。

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