性定语从句和非性定语从句
1．性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。 如：
a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there? 站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?
b) Toronto is a city (that) I' ve always wanted to visit. 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。
c) The woman ( that/ whom/ who ) I spoke to just now is our new head.
刚才和她说话的那位是我们新来的负责人。
d)October 1, 1949 was the day when the People's Republic of China founded. was
1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
2．非性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：
a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.
意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。
b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. 昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。
c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed. 他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。
3.大多数性和非性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非性定语从句常由which引导。
eg. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very
much. 一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。
析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。
4.关系代词whom在性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
eg.This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的女孩。
先行词the girl在性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。
eg.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。
先行词a new girl friend在非性定语从句中作宾语，不可用who代替whom。
5. 比较：
a) She has two brothers who are working in the city. She has more than two brothers.
她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。
b) She has two brothers, who are working in the city. She has only two brothers.
她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。
下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。
a) He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。
b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others.
他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。
Multiple Choice
1. The weather turned out to be very good, __was more than we could expect.
A what B which C that D it
2. Anyway, that evening, _______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
3.Have you seen the film Titanic, ____ leading actor is very popular.
A its B what C that D whose
4.Recently I bought a vase, ____ was very high.
A which price B its price
C the price of which D the price of whose
5. ___ is mentioned above, the number of the students in the senior schools is increasing.
A which B As C That D It
6. Tangshan was hit by earthquake, from __effects the people were still suffering.
A that B whose C those D what
Fill in the blanks using which, as, when, who, whom, where, when, why, that.
(1) St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, _____ was once called Leningrad.
(2) In Xi’an, I met a teacher, ____ has a strong love for cultural relics and took me to visit the history museum.
(3) I don’t remember the soldier, ____ told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.
(4) My grandfather was a child then, ____ people didn’t pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days.
(5) They moved the boxes to a mine, _____ they wanted to hide them.
(6) What surprised me was not what he said but the way _____________ he said it.
(7) We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
(8) ___ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
(9) This is the very house _____ he lived.
(10) Next winter, _____ you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
(11) The pictures brought the days back to the old days _____ they swam in the river.
(12) Robert and his songs ___ were famous in the U. S. are also popular in China.
(13) They are always smoking, _____ of course, will do harm to their health.
(14) The situation _____ you use the words is very clear in fact.
Translation
1.I’m sure I know the person who served us. 2. Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant.
3. The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
4. My sister Mary, who lives in London, is a doctor.
5. 她有两个在工作的儿子。
6. 她有两个儿子，他们在工作。
7. 我在1988年来到上海， 那年我五岁。
8. 我们搬到上海，那时我还很小。
I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。
1. The robber who killed a shop owner will be on t________ next week.
2. The _______ (船员) are asked to take their positions by their captain.
3. Her _______ (女仆) helped her to dress up for the party.
4. I’ll meet you at the e_______ of the zoo tomorrow.
5. After a long d_______, the bill was passed.
6. There wasn’t enough e_______ to prove his guilt.
7. The twins look so alike that I can’t tell them a_______.
8. That is an oil p_______ of a landscape in spring.
9. The prince lived in a large and beautiful _______ (城堡).
10.A c_____ relic is often something old that reminds us of the past.
11.Both parents were killed by the earthquake, but the children s_______.
12.That dictionary b______ to the library is of great use for the English beginners.
13.The Great Wall of China is publicly recognized as one of the w_______ of the world.
14. W_____ bridges are not stronger than stone ones.
15. The New Year here is often c___________ with a dance party.
16. The t_________ dug out of the earth was a box of gold coins.
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The horse was frightened by the sound of the _________ (explode).
2. Several days later, the flood water _______ (sink) and life returned to normal.
3. Yesterday they were invited to a _______ (form) party.
4. Your boss speaks very _______ (high) of your work.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1. What the teacher advised us to do was of great value.
What the teacher advised us to do was_________ _________.
2.The two living rooms are equal in size.
The two living rooms are _______the same__________.
3. I planned to ask my assistant to write the report.
I planned to ________the report ______ by my assistant.
4. We don’t have any doubt that our table tennis team will win the first place.
_______is no _______ that our table tennis team will win the first place.
5. The theory proved to be true.
_______ can be ________that the theory was true.
