英语六级长短句分析

1. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. (1990. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】由于据预计在自动化设备生产、维护及维修领域的大型企业将不断发展，或许自动化最终会实现就业率上升。

【析句】复合句。主句是the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, 其后是since引导的原因状语从句。重点看从句，it is expected中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。

2. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.(1990. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】工会发言人也强调说，由于自动化实现的生产扩大、成本降低所带来的利益，应该通过提高工资，增加休假时间，提高生活水平等形式与工人们分享。

【析句】英语中抽象名词的使用十分广泛。主句union spokeman emphasize,emphasize后是that宾语从句。宾语从句的句子主干是the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workers...,主语the benefit of the incresed production and lower costs包含多个抽象名词，使行文较为简练。

3. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignment. (1990. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】要强调的是，因为该计划中的雇主在防止失业时有直接的财务利益，他会非常积极地去计划安装新的设备以尽最大可能减少工作和工作分派中遇到的问题。

【析句】复合句。主句It is emphasized,it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。从句中，首先是since引导的原因状语从句，the employer has a direct financial interest in...,之后是主句he will have a strong drive for...so as to...，so as to作介词短语引导目的状语。

1. All high school graduates ought to go to college, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go. (1990. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】根据传统的聪明做法和大量的数据证明，所有高中生都应上大学，这是因为，与未上大学的学生相比，大学经历有利于帮助他们获得更高的报酬，成为“更好”的人，并且学习如何做更负责任的公民。

【析句】复合句。主句says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence位于句子中间，并使用倒装，起到强调says的宾语从句即所说内容的作用。因此我们重点分析省略that的宾语从句。从句中，主句All high school graduates ought to go to college, 后面是because引导的原因状语从句college will help them earn more...more responsible citizens than those who don't go，原因主语从句中含有比较句结构，those后是who引导的定语从句。

2. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. (1990. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】对于我们这些从小被教育要相信上学很好，上大学更好的人来说，这种观点无疑是异端邪说。

【析句】句子很短，但包含多个从句。主句This is heresy to those of us,those of us是介词to的宾语，其后有定语从句who have been brought up to believe,believe后是that宾语从句。而宾语从句中，if引导条件状语从句，主句more has to be much better在后。

3. Middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production. (1990. 阅读. Text 3)

【译文】社会中上层的雇员已经成为就业人口中人数增长最快的群体，其增长速度之快，使得即使工业生产不断扩大，工业的最早产物-工业工人的数量也在急剧减少。

【析句】复合句。主句Middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups,破折号起到进一步补充说明的作用。破折号后growing so fast that...中含有短语so...that从句。that从句中，主语the industrial worker后that oldest child of...作同位语。

1. The higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge. (1990. 6. 阅读. Text 3) 【译文】你的职位越高，所从事的行政工作就越多，也就是越重视在组织中的工作能力而非技术能力或专业知识。

【析句】整句话应用了the+比较句，the+比较句的句型，只不过是三个the+比较级的句子形成排比，句与句之间根据一定的逻辑顺序排列。The higher you climb the ladder是条件，后面两句是结果，且后一句比前一句更深入。注意最后一句的主干是the emphasis on...rather than on...。

2. We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. (1990. 6. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】众所周知，普通人白天的正常活动周期是16-17小时的清醒状态后转成约7-8小时的睡眠。一般说来，正常情况下睡眠与黑夜时间相一致。

【析句】本句话的主干是We all know+that宾语从句 and+that宾语从句。具体看来，第一个宾语从句是the normal human daily cycle...is of some alternation with..., 第二个宾语从句是the sleep coincide with...,broadly speaking作插入语。

3. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. (1990. 6. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】例如，由于工业自动化要求机器昼夜运转，人们能否轻松地把白天工作改成晚上工作就成为工业生产中日益重要地问题了。

【析句】复合句。主句是The ease is question of growing importance in industry,the ease后是定语从句with which people can change from...to...，先行词the ease在定语从句中作with的宾语;而industry后也有where引导的定语从句。

1. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】人落水时，救生衣能否在正确的位置支撑起落水者十分重要，同样重要的是，即使是在人没有力气或是在陷入昏迷的情况下，救生衣也能使面朝下的落水者在水中站起来，或是身体稍微向后仰，使脸离开水面。

【析句】整句话的主干是The position is most important,as is its tendency to...即由主句和as引导的非性定语从句组成。具体看来，主句the position后是介词+which引导的定语从句，position在定语从句中作in的宾语，因此把in提前到which前。in which定语从句中又有who引导的定语从句修饰a person。as引导的非性定语从句中，to turn the wearer from...to...是不定式短语作定语修饰its tendency，with his face clear of the water作伴随状语，最后是when引导的时间状语从句。

2. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】合身的救生衣任何时候，无论在不在水中，都应该让穿着者感到舒服，既不会十分笨重，让人在船只遇险时不得不脱下救生衣求生，也不应落水者游泳自救的灵活性。

【析句】复合句。主句A suitable life perserver should be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water作地点状语，not so heavy as to encourage...，nor so burdensome是形容词作伴随，包含句型not...，nor...;while the ship is in danger作时间状语从句，而nor后包含短语so...that...。

3. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. (1991. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】这种假设是基于这样一种谬论：人的天性中就存在遗传惰性。而事实上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日，无所用心。

【析句】句子主干是This assumption rests on……;aside from……，there would be very few who would……，and who would……。分号连接两个并列分句。在第二个分句中，介问短语aside from abnormally(特别地)lazy people作状语，主句是一个there be存在句，包含两个并列的由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰few.Rest on在此意为“依据”。aside from相当于“except”，译为“除了”。

1. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 3)

【译文】如果你彻底无知的话，那么无知也就不是那么糟糕。困难的是人们详细了解无知的实际情况——最差的方面以及各处并不太差的方面，但并不了解这种困难根本没有结束的迹象，甚至还没有可以信赖的任何解决问题的途径。 【析句】句子的主干是it is not so bad being ignorant if...;the hard thing is knowing the reality…but no true light……nor even any tunnels……分号连接两个并列分句。前面的分句句首it为形式主语，真正的主语为being ignorant;if引导条件状语从句。后一分句的is knowing…和no true light…nor even any tunnels由but连接做系表谓语;句尾that引导的定语从句修饰tunnels.

2. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 4)

【译文】多年来，生活、工作、交通、娱乐分离的理论，一直被用于城市乡镇规划中，在我看来，这会造成人们过度关注远离居民区的娱乐方式，，然而却很少有人关注家附近消遣方式的改善。

【析句】复合句。主句是The theoretical seperation of... resulted in disproportionate attention,其中，recreation后有which引导的定语从句which has been used in town-and-country planning。逗号后，whereas为从属连词，引导表示对比或与主句意思相反的状语从句，比较正式。

3. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 4)

【译文】如果你不能在街区里悠闲地散步，如果孩子们因为巨大的交通危险性而不能在街道上玩耍，如果在购物时找不到一处可以欣赏一会美景的地点，如果只是在临街门关上之后才觉得自己身在家中，那么再好的生活条件都毫无价值。 【析句】汉语中的排比句能够增强文中的感情色彩，加强语气，英语中也同样如此。主句The very best standard of living is nothing, 后面是四个并列的if条件状语从句，具体来说，第四个是前三个的总结。其中，第二个条件状语从句中，又包含because引导的原因状语从句。