2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析

2020年全国硕⼠研究⽣考研英语⼆及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections：

Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But d efining what it means to be a good parent is

undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same styl e of parenting. A calm, rul e-foll owingchil d might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.

__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patientparenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted andfrustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.

You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You l ose yourpatience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and d oes nobody any good. You wishthat you coul d __11__ the cl ock and start over. We’ve all been there.

__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something toyour chil d that you may __13__ for a l ong time. This may not only d o damage to your relationship with your child but also__14__ your chil d’s self-esteem.

If you consistently l ose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for yourkids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tol erance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional controlwhen __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.

Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your chil dren. A more practical goal is to try, to the bestof your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I canpromise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressfulmoments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky

2. A in addition B for exampl e C at once D by accid ent3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C d escribe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send

9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague

11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D refl ect15. A time B bond C race D cool

16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hid e B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:

Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can id entify friends to cooperate withand enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial - for 5 our days.

The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around andcolorful markings.

During the experiment, the social robot rat foll owed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bond ed more with thesocial robot because it displayed behaviours like communal expl oring and playing. This coul d lead to the rats betterremembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.

The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal d esign. The robot was the same sizeas a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at theUniversity of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend totreat robots as if they are fell ow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to befascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wil es.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostil e one[C] attain sociabl e traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fell ow

22. What did the social robot d o during the experiment?[A] It foll owed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around al one.

23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________[A] tried to practice a means of escape[B] expected it to do the same in return[C] wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B] differentiate smells better than sizes[C] respond more to cations than to l ooks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B] are more socially active than other animalsC] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% Thetypical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.

The best model for und erstanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business

opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the moredynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOsreally have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.

Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being abl e to “run the company\"CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also needbetter public relations skills than their pred ecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s thefact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a largernumber of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major Americancompanies are beyond this major CEOs still have to d o all the day-to-day work they have always d one.

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures,corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period ofstronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit topcandidates for increasingly tough jobs.”

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insid er picks, another sign that highCEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positivelywhen companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices buil d up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the foll owing has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A] The growth in the number of corporations[B] The general pay rise with a better economy[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms[D] Close cooperation among leading economies

27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to______

[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B] finance more research and d evelopment[C] establish cl oser ties with tech companies[D] operate more globalized companies

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s d espite______[A] continual internal opposition[B] strict corporate governance[C] conservative business strategies[D] Repeated government warnings

29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A] confirm the status of CEOs[B] motivate inside candidates[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs[D] increase corporate value

30. The most suitable title for this text woul d be______[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present[C] CEOs' challenges of Today[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3

Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most pollutingcars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean airzone, a first step toward its possible demise.

Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its successin improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's d ecision to stop levying fines, ord ering them reinstated. Butwith legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must empl oy when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically

contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles ⼀rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of ourtoxic pollution.

It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-l ow emission zone (Ul ez) is likely to be a bigissue in next year's mayoral el ection. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available tothem to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones d o deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, l ess cancer,dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.

But mayors and councill ors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are actingbecause national governments-Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to d o so.

Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, school streets\response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring theirvehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special l ow speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but

insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.

31. Which of the foll owing is true about Madrid's cl ean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decid ed

32. Which is consid ered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.

D] They put too much burd en on individual motorists.

33. The author believes that the extension of Lond on's Ulez will .[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.[C] improve the city s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.

34. Who does the author think should have addressed the probl em?[A] Local residents[B]Mayors.[C] Council ors.

[D] National governments.

35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A] will raise l ow-emission car production[B]shoul d be forced to foll ow regulations[C] will upgrad e the d esign of their vehicles[D] shoul d be put und er public supervisionText4

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating coll ege this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says thisgeneration was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are aboutto hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And empl oyers are planning onhiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by theNational Association of Colleges and Empl oyers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit thoseempty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.

If \"entitled\" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between

1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expertwho study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck l ooks like. They were impressionabl e kids during the crash of 2008,when many of their parents l ost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. Thebooming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especiallyfor those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the

Federal Reserve.

One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure empl oyment (foll owed by professional development and training, and then inspiringpurpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), foll owedby a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating coll ege this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers

[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counsel ors advice is

38. The word “assuage\"(line 9, para 2)is cl oset in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] d eepen

39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care littl e about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear id ea about their future job

40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:

Read the foll owing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitabl e subheading from the list A-G for eachnumbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, d on' t hide, information.[F] Sl ow d own and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.

Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office

Is it possibl e to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 peopl e, much less 50, who all getalong perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them justas they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whol e office on your sid e41.____

If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't behelping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frankabout themselves more highly, while those who hid l ost trustworthiness. The l esson is not that you shoul d make your

personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42._____

Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how wefeel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time tohear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't valuetheir opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your ownthoughts.43._____

It's common to have a“cubicle mate\" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, youshoul d expand your horizons and find out about all the peopl e around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet upwith coll eagues you d on't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort andgoes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in ad dition to being a nice break in the work day.44._____

Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you d on't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an

exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engend er good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. Onestudy found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggestedthey had won somebody over.45.______

This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with anycoworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talkin a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won'tnecessarily land with another, So, adapt your styl e accordingly to type. Consid er the person that you re d ealing with inadvance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46. Directions:

Translate the foll owing text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live socautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it'sentirely up to us to decide how to look at it.

We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world, \"or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failureas the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lessonwe're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that samemistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would neverhave learned otherwise.

For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can helpyou discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:

Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international stud ents. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tour

Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not use your own name, use“Li Ming”instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you shoul d1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Directions：

2020 年研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试试题（英语⼆）详细解答Section I Use of English

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

今年完形填空的难度系数很⼩，基本⽆⽣词，长难句也很少。讲的是家长对孩⼦要有耐⼼，属于⽐较⽣活的话题。下⾯我们⼀起来看⼀下答案及解析。1.【答案】D tricky

【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下⽂语境。⽂章⾸段⾸句为主题句：每位⽗母都想成为好的⽗母。空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的⽗母是个难题”，since 后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩⼦对待同样的养育⽅式反应也是不同的”。tricky 意为“棘⼿的，困难的”，符合句意。2.【答案】B for exampl e

【解析】此处考察上下⽂逻辑关系。前⾯说了不同的孩⼦对待同样的养育⽅式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换⼀种养育⽅式，⼀个冷静⽽听话的孩⼦可能会⽐他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。所以⽤表⽰举例分析的for example 最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。3.【答案】A Fortunately

【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下⽂语境。空格所在句指出：还有⼀类⽗母描述起来会容易⼀些，这类就是⾮常耐⼼的⽗母。第⼀段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的⽗母是个难题，这⾥在上下⽂⽂义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有⼀类⽗母⽐较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩⼦都可以从他们的养育⽅式中获益。故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。

4.【答案】C d escribe

【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下⽂语境。第⼀段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的⽗母是个难题，第⼆段出现转折说但是有⼀类⽗母很好描述/定义，describe 与define 相呼应，故选C 符合句意。5.【答案】A while

【解析】此处考察上下⽂逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位⽗母都想成为耐⼼的⽗母，但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while 表转折，选A 符合句意。6.【答案】B task

【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位⽗母都想成为耐⼼的⽗母，但这不是个容易的差事/任务。task 意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选B 符合句意。7.【答案】A tolerant

【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时⽗母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩⼦就很难沉着冷静（composed）和包容。tolerant 意为包容的，故选A 符合句意。8.【答案】C push

【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下⽂语境。你也不是圣⼈/你也只是普通⼈，⽽且有时候孩⼦会把你逼的很紧。push 为催促/紧逼，此处move（移动，使感动），drag（拖拽），send（发送）均不符合句意，故选C。

9.【答案】D inevitabl e

【解析】此处考察形容词词意辨析+上下⽂语境。空格前⼀句指出：有时候孩⼦会把你逼的很紧。空格后⼀句指出你会失去耐⼼，对孩⼦⼤吼⼤叫。那么这是孩⼦把你逼的很紧的必然结果，inevitabl e 为⽆法避免的/必然的，故选D 符合句意。10.【答案】C harsh

【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下⽂语境。空格句句意：你会失去耐⼼并对孩⼦⼤吼⼤叫，⽽且有时候会说⼀些很伤⼈/刻薄的话，对每个⼈都没好处。根据上下⽂，something 后⾯的形容词⼀定是贬义的，harsh 为刺⽿的/严格的，故选C。11.【答案】A turn back

【解析】此处考察动词搭配+上下⽂语境。空格句句意：你会希望时间倒流，⼀切重新再来。turn back 为（使）往回⾛，take apart 为拆开/拆解，set aside 为把放⼀旁/不理会，cover up 为盖起来，均不符合句意，故选A。

12.【答案】C however

【解析】此处考察上下⽂逻辑关系。空格句指出：然⽽，即使是这是很普遍的现象，我们还是要牢记，哪怕只是⼀点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩⼦说⼀些你会后悔很久的话。上⼀段描述了⼀般情况下⽗母是如何对孩⼦失去耐⼼，并且这很普遍（We'veall been there/it's common)，空格句对⽐上⼀段发⽣了转折，故选C。13.【答案】D regret

【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下⽂语境。上⼀段描述了⽗母如何对孩⼦失去耐⼼，然后⼜希望时间倒流⼀切重新再来，那么疲惫时对孩⼦说的话⼀定是会让你后悔（regret）的，其他选项喜欢，错过，相信均不符合上下⽂，故选D。14.【答案】B affect

【解析】考察动宾搭配。结合原⽂语境，“这也许不仅会伤害你和孩⼦之间的关系，⽽且会你的孩⼦的⾃

尊”所以这⾥填上⼀个动词接后⾯的宾语⾃尊⼼，所以答案只能是affect,“影响⾃尊⼼”。⽽raise 提⾼，养育；justify 证明合理性；reflect 影响，均不能合理搭配。15.【答案】D cool

【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，也是主题复现，cool 有“冷静之意。“如果你总是对你的孩⼦失去,”本⽂

⼀直在探讨的主题就是对孩⼦要有耐⼼，因此符合题意的只能是cool, ⽽time 时间，bond 结合，纽带，race ⽐赛，种族都不符合这⾥的语境。16.【答案】C importance

【解析】本题考察名词的修饰关系，A of B 的结构中填名词A，主要参照后⾯of 结构对它的修饰作⽤。Of 结构在这⾥表⽰“建⽴对孩⼦宽容和耐⼼的”联系前⾯说”我们越来越重视”因此符合题意的应该是importance“重要性”nature，⾃然、天性；secret 秘密，context 环境。17.【答案】D confronted

【解析】本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，“事实上，在压⼒时情绪调节或维持情绪控制的能⼒是所有⽣活技能中最重要的⼀项”，压⼒前⾯应该搭配“⾯对”故选择confronted 其他的cheated 欺骗，d efeated打败，confused 困惑均不符合。18.【答案】B hard

【解析】此处考察表语形容词。主要参照跟前⾯的incredible 加起来表⽰“不可避免的...⼀直对孩⼦保持耐⼼”可以先看选项terrible 糟糕的，strange 奇怪的，wrong 错误的，这三个都不能放在此处形成合理搭配，所以hard 更合适。19.【答案】A trying

【解析】本题考察修饰关系。根据原⽂语境“⼀个更实际的⽬标是去尝试，尽你最⼤的能⼒，当你⾯对涉及孩⼦的...情况时，尽可能地宽容和冷静”需要⽗母宽容和冷静的应该是不太好的情况，答案trying 做形容词表⽰“令⼈厌烦的”最合适。changing 变化，exciting 激动⼈⼼的surprising 令⼈惊讶的，均不能体现这⾥的含义。20.【答案】B emerge

【解析】考察动宾搭配，这⾥的句义是“朝着这个⽬标努⼒的结果是，你和你的孩⼦将受益并从很有压⼒的这些时候...，在⾝体和情感上感觉更好”。只有“浮现，出现”最符合，所以选择emerge，⽽hide隐藏，withdraw 撤退，escape 逃避均为负⾯含义，故不符合。Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1

21.【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词Quinn and her colleagues 和a test 定位到第⼀段第⼆句。To find outif this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her coll eagues tested

whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 为了查明这是否延伸到了⾮⽣物，Quinn 和她的同事测试了⽼⿏能否从机器⽼⿏⾝上探测到社会信号。正确答案A 是原⽂的同义替换。选项B 的distinguish a friendly rat from a hostil e one 区分友好的⽼⿏和敌对的⽼⿏，并未提及，是常识性⼲扰。选项 C 的attain sociabl e traits through special training 通过特殊训练获得社交品质，原⽂并未提及，属于⽆中⽣有。选项D 的send out warning messages to their fell ow 向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原⽂并未提及，属于⽆中⽣有。22.【答案】D It moved around alone.

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词the asocial robot 和experiment 定位到第三段最后⼀句Meanwhile,

the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同时，不具有社交能⼒的机器⼈只能进⾏简单的前后左右移动。正确答案D It moved around alone.是原⽂的同义替换。选项A 的It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能⼒的⽼⿏，与原⽂the social robot rat followed the living rats around 不符，原⽂说的是具备社交能⼒的⽼⿏跟随真⽼⿏，属于张冠李戴。选项B 的It played with some toys. 它玩⼀些玩具，与原⽂不符，原⽂中说的是具备社交能⼒的⽼⿏玩同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项C 的It set the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的⽼⿏也与原⽂内容不符，原⽂说的同样是具备社交能⼒的⽼⿏，⽽题⼲问的是不具备社交能⼒的⽼⿏在实验中做了什么，属于张冠李戴。23.【答案】B expected it to d o the same in return

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词Quinn 和the rats released the social robots 往下定位到第四五段，第五段最后⼀句This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the

favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. Quinn 说：这可能会让⽼⿏更好地记住早些时候已经释放了机器⼈，并希望机器⼈在它们被困住时能回报它们的恩

惠。正确答案B expected it to d o the same in return 是原⽂的同义替换。⼲扰项 A 的tried to practice a means of escape 试图尝试⼀种逃跑的⽅法，原⽂并未提及，属于⽆中⽣有。选项C 的wanted to display their intelligence 想要展⽰它们的智慧，⽂中并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项D 的considered that an interesting game 觉得是个有趣的游戏在原⽂当中也没有体现，属于⽆中⽣有。24.【答案】C respond more to actions than to looks

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词James Wiles 定位到第六七段，尾段尾句We humans seem to befascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles. Wiles 说：“我们⼈类似乎对机器⼈很着迷，事实证明其他动物也很着迷。”再结合尾段前⾯部分的阐述，会发现正确答案C respond more to actions than to looks 对⾏动的反应多于对外表的反应，是原⽂的类似表达。⼲扰项A 的can remember other rat's facial features 能够记住其他⽼⿏的⾯部特征，与原⽂内容不符，原⽂第六段说的是假设赋予机器⽼⿏⾯部特征，那都不重要，属于偷换概念。选项 B 的differentiate smellsbetter than sizes 与体型⼤⼩相⽐，能够更好地区分⽓味，原⽂中只提到赋予机器⽼⿏真⽼⿏的⽓味，与原⽂不符，属于偷换概念。选项D 的can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 会被装有轮⼦的塑料盒⼦吓坏，⽂中机器⽼⿏只是装有轮⼦的塑料盒⼦，还是属于偷换概念。

25.【答案】D are more sensitive to social cues than expected

解析：本题⽬为推断题，考察基于全⽂主旨进⾏推断。题⼲并没有具体关键词，因此需要通过选项回到⽂中逐⼀对应。正确答案D are more sensitive to social cues than expected 对社交线索⽐预期更敏感，与原⽂尾段⾸句The finding shows howsensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots.（这⼀发现显⽰了⽼⿏对社交暗⽰的敏感程度，即使是来⾃基本机器⽼⿏的社交暗⽰）属于类似表达。选项A 的appear to be adaptabl e to new surroundings 似乎能适应新环境，在⽂中并未提及，属于⽆中⽣有。选项B 的are more socially active than other animals ⽐其他动物更活跃，⽂中只提到其他动物也⼀样会对机器⼈着迷，属于偷换概念。⼲扰项C 的behave differently from children in socializing 在社交活动中表现得与孩⼦不同，与原⽂内容相反，原⽂内容指的是孩⼦们倾向于把机器⼈当作⼈来对待，即使他们只显⽰简单的社会信号。这⼀点与⽼⿏是⼀样的，属于正反混淆。Text 2

26.【答案】C Increased business opportunities for top firms

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词CEO pay rise 及题⼲中对CEO 薪酬增加原因的提问，定位到第⼆段⾸句The best model for und erstanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business

opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.了解CEO 薪酬增长的最佳模式是，CEO ⼈才在⼀个顶级公司的商业机会迅速增长的世界⾥是有限的。正

确答案C Increased business opportunities for top firms 增加顶级公司商业机会的增加。⼲扰项A 的The growth in the numberof corporations 公司数量的增长，⽂中并不是说公司数量⽽是商业机会，属于偷换概念。选项B 的The general pay rise with abetter economy 好转的经济带来的普遍加薪，⽂中并未提到better economy，属于⽆中⽣有。选项 D 的Close cooperationamong leading economies 主要经济体之间的密切合作，⽂中也并未提到经济体之间的何做，属于⽆中⽣有。27.【答案】D operate more globalized companies

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词predecessors 及today's CEOs 定位到第三段第⼆句They also needbetter public relations skills than their pred ecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. 他们还需要⽐他们的前任更好的公关技巧，因为即使是⼀个⼩失误的成本也可能是巨⼤的。选项中并未提到，继续往后看Then there's the factthat large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a largernumber of countries. 还有⼀个事实是，美国的⼤公司⽐以往任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多的国家。正确答案Doperate more globalized companies 经营更全球化的公司是该句内容的同义替换。⼲扰项A 的foster a stronger sense of

teamwork 培养更强的团队合作意识，⽂中提到意识，只有对⾦融市场有很好的了解，甚⾄公司应该如何进⾏交易的意识，属于偷换概念。选项B 的finance more research and d evelopment 资助更多的研发，定位段并没有提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项D的establish closer ties with tech companies 与科技公司建⽴更紧密的联系，定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。

28.【答案】B strict corporate governance

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词the 1970s 定位到第四段第三句Yet it is principally during this periodof stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. 然⽽，⾸席执⾏官的薪酬主要是在这⼀治理更加有⼒的时期⼀直居⾼不下。正确答案 B strict corporate governance 严格的公司管理，属于原⽂内容的替换表达。⼲扰项A 的continualinternal opposition 持续的内部对⽴在⽂中并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项C 的conservative business strategies 保守的商业策略，定位段并没有提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项D 的repeated government warnings 的再三警告定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。

29.【答案】D increase corporate value

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词High CEO pay 及顺序出题规则，继续看尾段，定位句是And thestock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up

corporate value not just for the CEO.当公司把⾸席执⾏官的薪酬与股票价格挂钩时，股票市场的反应是积极的，这表明这些做法不仅为⾸席执⾏官带来机制，⽽且创

造了公司价值。正确答案D increase corporate value 增加公司价值，是原⽂内容的替换表达。⼲扰项A 的confirm the status ofCEOs 证实CEO 的地位，定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项B 的motivate inside candidates 激发内部候选⼈的积极性，⽂中尾段⾸句⾸席执⾏官的最⾼薪⽔是付给外部候选⼈的，⽽不是付给那些舒适的内部⼈选，属于偷换概念。选项C 的boostthe efficiency of CEOs 提⾼CEO 的效率，定位段未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。30.【答案】A CEOs Are Not Overpaid

解析：本题⽬为主旨题，考察⽂章主旨。根据题⼲分析⽂章主题词为CEO 的薪酬，所以排除C 项、D 项选项A 的CEOs AreNot Overpaid ⾸席执⾏官的薪⽔并不⾼。选项B 的CEO Pay: Past and Present CEO 的薪酬：过去和现在，⽽CEO 过去的薪酬并不是原⽂中⼼，属于偏离主题，因此正确选项为A。Text 3

31.【答案】D Its fate is yet to be d ecid ed

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词Madrid's clean air zone 定位到前两段，⾸段说明背景Madrid's cleanair zone 的执⾏暂停。继续找第⼆段，尽管能够提⾼空⽓质量，但是表⽰反对。⼀位法官现在否决了该市停⽌征收罚款的决定，下令恢复原状。但随着法律⽃争的进⾏，Madrid's cl ean air zone的未来看起来也不确定。正确答案D Its fate is yet tobe d ecided 它的命运尚未决定，是原⽂内容的替换表达。选项A 的Its effects are questionable.其效果值得怀疑。与原⽂内容相反，属于正反混淆。选项B 的It has been opposed by a judge.它遭到法官的反对。⽂中法官反对的并不是Madrid's clean airzone，⽽是停⽌征收罚款的决定。选项C 的It needs tougher enforcement.它需要更严格的执⾏。⽂中是执⾏已经停⽌，与原⽂内容不符，属于偷换概念。

32.【答案】D They put too much burd en on individual motorists.

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词a weakness of the city-level measures 及tackl e dirty air 定位到第三段第⼆句：That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers

—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose heating is the real cause of ourtoxic pollution.这是因为他们不可避免地把清洁空⽓的费⽤转嫁给那些必须⽀付费⽤或购买更好车辆的司机，⽽不是汽车制造商，因为他们的供暖是造成我们有毒污染的真正原因。正确答案D They put too much burd en on individual motorists.他们给个⼈驾车者增加了太多负担与原⽂内容⼀致。选项A 的They are biased again car manufactures.他们对汽车制造商有偏见，⽂中提到汽车制造商，却并未提到对其有⽆偏见，属于偷换概念。选项B 的They prove impractical for city councils.这些措施对市议会来说是不切实际的。选项C 的They are d eemed too mild for politicians.他们被认为对政治家来说太温和了。定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。33.【答案】A arouse strong resistance

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲关键词extension 和London’s Ulez 定位到第四段：And if Sadiq Khan winsand extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the farlarger number of motorists who will then be affected.如果Sadiq Khan 在2021 年胜出，并按照他的意愿将其延伸⾄南北环路，肯定会引发更多驾车者的强烈反对，届时他们将受到影响。正确答案A arouse strong resistance 引起强烈抵抗与原⽂内容⼀致。选项B 的ensure Khans el ectoral success 确保Khans 选举成功，⽂中提到的是如果这个⼈赢了，属于偷换概念。选项C的improve the city's traffic 改善城市交通，定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项D 的discourage car manufacturing 抑制汽车制造业也并未在定位段提到，属于⽆中⽣有。34.【答案】D National governments

解析：本题⽬为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题⼲信息，问的是作者的具体观点。定位到第六段：But mayors and councillors

can only d o so much about a probl em that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national

governments-Britain's and others across Europe- have failed to d o so.但是和议员们只能对⼀个⽐任何⼀个城市或城镇都⼤得多的问题做这么多的⼯作。他们之所以采取⾏动，是因为英国和欧洲其他国家的未能做到这⼀点。正确答案D

National governments 作者认为国家应该解决这个问题，与原⽂内容⼀致。选项A 的Local resid ents 当地居民，定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项B 和C 的mayors and councillors 出现在定位句，但是与原⽂内容相反，属于正反混淆。35.【答案】B shoul d be forced to foll ow regulations

解析：本题⽬为推断题，考察具体细节的推断。根据题⼲信息auto companies，定位到尾段⾸句：require auto companies tobring their vehicl es into compliance 要求汽车公司使其车辆符合要求。正确答案B should be forced to follow regulations 应该被迫遵守规定，与原⽂信息⼀致。选项A 的will raise l ow-emission car production 将提⾼低排放汽车产量，定位段并未提到，属于⽆中⽣有。选项C 和D 的will upgrade the d esign of their vehicl es 和should be put und er public supervision 将升级他们的车辆设计、应该接受公众监督在原⽂中没有相关信息。Text4

36.【D】are drawing growing public attention 细节题。根据题⼲直接定位到⽂章第⼀段第⼀句话。信息选项中的“drawinggrowing public attention ”则对应到句中的“the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks”(近⼏周的关注度在稳步提⾼)”，其中attention 原词复现，rising 和growing 同义复现;⽽其他的选项则与最佳选项⽆缘，在定位区间中没有相应的对应信息。