make用作使役动词表示“使;使成为”时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。
现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下:
一、“make+宾语+n.”意为“使、让某人/某物(成为)……”。如:
We made him captain of our football team.我们推选他作我们足球队队长。 We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
二、“make+宾语+adj.”意为“使某人/某事(变得)……”。如:
The news that our team had won made us very happy.我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
We must make the rivers clean.我们必须净化河水。 友情提示:
当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。如:
I made it a condition that everybody must be on time.我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。 三、“make+宾语+do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“使某人做某事”。如: What makes the grass grow?什么东西使得草生长?
Our teacher makes us feel more confident.老师使得我们感到更自信了。 友情提示:
在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式to要还原。如:
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The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。
Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk.我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋,喝一些牛奶。
相关链接:
have, make, let等使役动词和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch,
notice,observe等感官动词都可接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后可带to,也可不带to。
如:
Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就让他干吧。 Did you see him go out?你看见他出去了吗?
I often help my mother (to) do some housework.我经常帮助妈妈做些家务。 四、“make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为“使某人/某事被……”。如:
The strange noise made us frightened.奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。 The good news made us excited.这个好消息使我们兴奋。 友情提示:
通常情况下,make后的宾语是反身代词时,作宾补的动词要用过去分词,即:
make oneself+V-ed(heard, known, understood)。如:
He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。
但有时,根据句子意思也可用其他形式。如:
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The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller.那个小孩儿站在椅子上,使他看上去更高些。
Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life.摇滚乐歌手,另一方面,把音乐当作他们的生命。
五、“make+宾语+V-ing(现在分词)”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事一直在……”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。如:
He makes the boy standing all the time.他让那个男孩一直站着。相关链接: 常接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:
see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find等感官动词和lookat,listento等短语动词以及have,keep,get,make等使役动词。
友情提示:
现在分词作宾补和不带to的不定式作宾补的区别是:
现在分词一般表示动作正在进行,而不带to的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。如:
I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (动作正在进行) I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (动作已经完成)
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