论文中西比较

吉林华桥外国语学院

学期论文

（2011级）

姓 名：王田骄 学 号：2501110105 院 系：翻译学院 专 业：翻译（英语） 指导教师：晏立农

二〇一三年六月

从中西文化的角度看待跨文化交际的问题

姓 名： 王田骄 院 系： 翻译学院 专 业： 翻译（英语） 指导教师： 晏立农

吉林华桥外国语学院

Jilin HuaQiao Foreign Languages Institute

摘要：顺应时代发展对人才的需要，人们越来越重视跨文化交际意识

的培养，。跨文化交际是承认不同文化的差异并容许差异共存的交际行为。对母语和目的语的文化现象和深层价值观的探究和比较将有利于跨文化意识的建立，对不同语言的交流具有重要的意义。

关键词：文化；中西文化差异；跨文化交际

从中西文化差异的角度看待跨文化交际的问题

随着我国对外交往的增多，教育的方向更加偏向于从知识灌输转移到能力的培养，尤其是跨文化交际能力。在跨文化交际中，语言错误和语法错误是比较容易被理解的，可是由于文化差异引起的对方原则和习俗的行为却常常被认为是不礼貌，甚至是粗鲁的举止。所以在跨文化交际中，言行是否礼貌得体已成为影响人们交际成功的一个关键问题。因此，我们必须在学习语言的过程中了解目的语的发展背景以及人文现象，而且更重要的是要肩负起兼收并蓄中西文化的重任，在西方文化强势的今天，复兴中国传统文化的同时促进文化融合和发展。

一、文化的概念

文化是一个内涵丰富的概念，是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础，它包含人们的社会风俗习惯、生活方式、相互关系、行为规范等等。语言是文化的载体，文化通过语言得以体现。

二、中西文化不同的历史渊源

1. 海洋性文化与农业文化的差异

在文化开始形成的早期，不同的自然地理条件可以直接影响到该民族性格的形成和文化精神的发展方向。中西文化是两种根本不同的文化，，中西文化的最本质区别在于中华民族的农耕文化与西方文化的濒海商业文化的不同。西方文化发源于欧亚的西侧，全洲以海洋性气候为主导而且地域有限，缺乏肥沃的土壤，有力的气候条件，从自然因素上来看，不利于发展农业，因此人们不得不转向山林和大海发展畜牧业，渔业和海上贸易。所以西方文化孕育的商业文化和海洋文化中的人们。与此同时，中华文化位于欧亚东部，气候温润，雨量充沛，适合各种植物和农作物的生长，中华民族凭借得天独厚的地理优势个区位条件，因此而形成了民族在生存上对农业的依赖，靠天吃饭，是自古以来的说法。因此中华民族的保守，顺从的民族性格也得以形成。 2. 民主自由与封建传统的差异

由于地理及气候环境以及土地资源有限等综合原因，人们不断地开发新的居住地，就会有移民以及领土侵略问题的出现，因为如此适者生存的法则和民主政治应运而生。移民，人口流动，战争，是人与人之间的交流和接触的机会也不断的增加。作为社会发展的不断需要，西方文化强调人作为有理智、尊严和个体的地位，要求人为主体。

中国人所处的较优越的生存环境，使他们无须和自然做艰苦的斗争便可获得自给自足的生活，因此们希望和自然保持和谐一致，所以中国文化主张尊重自然，顺应自然，几千年来以“仁、义、礼、智、信”为主的儒家传统观念强调人与人和谐相处，人对社会的服从和牺牲。 3. 中西文化差异在语言上的体现

西方语言是典型的语法型语言，而东方语言是典型的语义型语言。由于西方语言受严密形式规则约束，所以即使使用大量的复句、长句，都不会妨碍表达和理解。而汉语是字本位的，重意合、轻形似，每个字都有很强的性，如果句子过长就会失去前后文意义上的神合，造成歧义或混淆困惑。所以西方语言比较适合用逻辑紧密的长句，而汉语语义跳跃，比较适合使用短句。

三、如何做跨文化交际的使者

随着社会的发展，各领域国际交往日益频繁，英语作为交际工具的功能都深入人心，而保留和传播本国文化，尊重和接纳异国文化也

成为交往人才应具有的素质，在文化多样性的大背景下，在跨文化交际中是应当承认差异，认识差异。正如世界是丰富多彩的一样，多元文化差异也是不同文化的一种展现。

在交际中应保持谦虚的态度，多交流，重理解，相互学习，共同享受各民族创造的精神财富，保护各民族的优秀文化，使交际双方能够充分展现本民族文化的风采，又能够最大限度的相互接近，理解以及融合。文化交际并不是同一文化内的交际，在外语学习中我们不应该忽视或放弃自己的文化，过分的去浮夸，追捧外来的文化，而应该立足自己的文化，实现与其他文化的沟通和交际。在跨文化交际中真正地平等交流与沟通。

任何民族和国家的文化绝无优劣之分，每种文化都是对世界文化多样性的一种贡献，都是在一定文化大背景中，人民群众智慧的结晶和成果。

结 语

综上所述，我们可以了解到，培养拥有优秀跨文化交际能力的商务人才是十分艰巨而紧迫的事。学习一种语言，需要充足的时间和足够的毅力，由于语言是一种民

族文化的表现与承载形式，不了解这个民族的文化，也就无法真正学好该民族的语言，所以在以后的工作与生活中，我们要利用机会加深对西方文化的了解和认识，为更好的学习英语，培养跨文化交际的语言能力打下坚实基础。

Along with the increase in China's external exchanges, the direction of the education move from inculcating knowledge to ability, especially in the cross-cultural communication ability.

In cross-cultural communication, language errors and grammatical errors are relatively easy to be understood, but the other principles and custom behavior are often considered impolite due to cultural differences, even rude manners. So in cross-cultural communication, good words and deeds has become one of the keys to be successful in communications. Therefore, in the process of learning a language,we must be able to understand the development background of the target language and cultural phenomenon, but what is more important is to shoulder the burden on incorporating the culture between Chinese and western, under the mighty pressure by western culture ,we should make our best to revival the Chinese traditional culture and promote cultural integration and development.

The concept of culture

Culture is a rich concept , which is the foundation on survival and development of human society, and contains people's social customs and habits, way of life, relationships, norms, etc. Language is the carrier of culture, culture is reflected through language.

Different historical origin between Chinese and western culture

1. The differences between the Marine culture and agricultural culture

At the very beginning of forming culture, different geographical conditions can directly affect the formation of national character and the development direction of cultural spirit. Between Chinese and western culture are two fundamentally different cultures, and the most fundamental difference between Chinese and western culture is the farming culture of the Chinese nation and the littoral business culture of western culture . Western culture originated in the west Eurasia, state dominated by marine climate and geographical limit.,which is not conducive to the development of agriculture, people had to turned to mountains and the sea ,developing animal husbandry, fisheries and maritime trade. So that gave birth to western culture that the people are engaged in business and Marine culture,。Chinese is located in the eastern Eurasia, warm climate, plenty rainfall,which are suitable for all kinds of plants and crops to growth, and formed a continental nation is dependent on agriculture, conservative, obedient national character is formed.

2 .The difference between the feudal traditional and democratic freedom

Due to the geography, climate environment and comprehensive reasons ,such as limited land resources,so that people constantly develop new places to live, there will be immigration and territorial aggression.On such a condition, the law of survival of the fittest and democracy arises at the historic moment. Western culture emphasis that man as a rational, dignity and individual status, requires human to be the subject.

Chinese are in a superior living environment, so that they do not need to hard struggle with nature to get a self-sufficient life, therefore they hope to get along harmoniously with natural. Chinese culture advocates respecting nature and comply with nature, the conception are hold for thousands of years ,which is to \"benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith\". Confucian tradition culture give priority to harmonious get along with people, people on social are supposed to be compliant and sacrifice.

3. The differences between Chinese and western culture in the embodiment of the language

Western language is a typical grammatical language, and oriental language is a semantic type. Governed by strict rules of form, so western language is consist of a lot of compound sentence, long sentence,which will not hinder expressing and understanding. While Chinese is a basic unit, parataxis, like,

every word has a strong independent. If the sentence is too long,that will lose its contextual meaning ,it cause ambiguity or confusion. So western language is so logic to suit to use long sentences, and Chinese semantic leaps, suit to use short sentences.

三：How to be an envoy of cross-cultural communication

With the development of the society, international communication in every field is frequentlly increasing, English as a communicative tool are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Become multinational communication talents should have the quality that to retain and spread own culture, show our respect and accept foreign culture.. On the background of cultural diversity, we should acknowledge differences in cross-cultural communication, understand differences. As the world is rich and colorful, diverse cultural differences also display a kind of different culture.

We try to be modest in communication,more communication and more understanding, learn from each other .It is also a great opportunity to enjoy the spirit wealth by all ethnic groups created, meanwhile,we are supposed to protect the excellent culture of all the ethnics , and to make the two communicative sides can fully display their charming national culture.Only in this way,we also can maximum close to each other, understanding and fusion each other. Cultural communication is not the inner culture communication, we own culture should not be ignored ,excessive to grandiose in foreign language teaching and learning .Based on their own culture, realize the communication with other cultures to achieve the equal communication in cross-cultural communication .No or any ethnic and national culture is surperior, every culture has contributed to the world's cultural diversity,.In a sense,it is the people's crystallization of wisdom and achievements.

Conclusion:

What has been discussed above, we can learn that cultivate talents with good ability of cross-cultural communication is a very difficult and urgent matter. Learning a language need enough time and enough perseverance.We all notice that language is a form of national culture performance and carrier.If we don't understand the national culture, we can not really learn the national language well,.So in the later work and life, we have to take advantage of the opportunity to understand western culture and knowledge deeply.In order to learn English better, we all need to cultivate intercultural communicative language ability to lay a solid foundation.