create table student(
id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
name varchar(10) comment '姓名',
no varchar(10) comment '学号'
) comment '学生表';
insert into student (id,name,no)
values (null,'黛绮丝',2000100101),(null,'谢逊',000100102),(null,'殷天正',000100103),(null,'韦一笑',000100104);
create table course(
id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
name varchar(50) comment '课程名称'
) comment '课程表';
insert into course(id,name)
value (null,'Java'),(null,'PHP'),(null,'MySQL'),(null,'Hadoop');
create table student_course(
id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键',
studentid int not null comment '学生ID',
courseid int not null comment '课程ID',
constraint fk_courseid foreign key (courseid) references course(id),
constraint fk_studentid foreign key (studentid) references student(id)
)comment '学生课程中间表';
insert into student_course(id,studentid,courseid)
values (null,1,1),(null,1,2),(null,1,3),(null,2,2),(null,2,3),(null,3,4);
drop table if exists tb_user;
drop table if exists tb_user_edu;
create table tb_user(
id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
name varchar(10) comment '姓名',
age int comment '年龄',
gender char(1) comment '1:男,2:女',
phone char(11) comment '手机号'
)comment '用户基本信息表';
create table tb_user_edu(
id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
degree varchar(20) comment '学历',
major varchar(50) comment '专业',
primaryschool varchar(50) comment '小学',
middleschool varchar(50) comment '中学',
university varchar(50) comment '大学',
userid int unique comment '用户ID',
constraint fk_userid foreign key (userid) references tb_user(id)
)comment '用户教育信息表';
insert into tb_user(id,name,age,gender,phone)
values (null,'黄渤',45,'1','18800001111'),(null,'冰冰',35,'2','18800002222'),(null,'码云',55,'1','18800008888'),(null,'李彦宏',50,'1','18800009999');
insert into tb_user_edu(id,degree, major, primaryschool, middleschool,university, userid)
values (null,'本科','舞蹈','静安区第一小学','静安区第一中学','北京舞蹈学院',1),
(null,'硕士','表演','朝阳区第一小学','朝阳区第一中学','北京电影学院',2),
(null,'本科','英语','杭州市第一小学','杭州市第一中学','杭州师范大学',3),
(null,'本科','应用数学','阳泉第一小学','阳泉区第一中学','清华大学',4);
drop table if exists emp;
drop table if exists dept;
-- 创建dept表,并插入数据
create table dept(
id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';
INSERT INTO dept (id, name) VALUES (1, '研发部'), (2, '市场部'),(3, '财务部'), (4,'销售部'), (5, '总经办'), (6, '人事部');
-- 创建emp表,并插入数据
create table emp(
id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
age int comment '年龄',
job varchar(20) comment '职位',
salary int comment '薪资',
entrydate date comment '入职时间',
managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';
-- 添加外键
alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept(id);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job,salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id)
VALUES
(1, '金庸', 66, '总裁',20000, '2000-01-01', null,5),
(2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理',12500, '2005-12-05', 1,1),
(3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400,'2000-11-03', 2,1),
(4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发',11000, '2002-02-05', 2,1),
(5, '常遇春', 43, '开发',10500, '2004-09-07', 3,1),
(6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师',6600, '2004-10-12', 2,1),
(7, '灭绝', 60, '财务总监',8500, '2002-09-12', 1,3),
(8, '周芷若', 19, '会计',48000, '2006-06-02', 7,3),
(9, '丁敏君', 23, '出纳',5250, '2009-05-13', 7,3),
(10, '赵敏', 20, '市场部总监',12500, '2004-10-12', 1,2),
(11, '鹿杖客', 56, '职员',3750, '2006-10-03', 10,2),
(12, '鹤笔翁', 19, '职员',3750, '2007-05-09', 10,2),
(13, '方东白', 19, '职员',5500, '2009-02-12', 10,2),
(14, '张三丰', 88, '销售总监',14000, '2004-10-12', 1,4),
(15, '俞莲舟', 38, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
(16, '宋远桥', 40, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
(17, '陈友谅', 42, null,2000, '2011-10-12', 1,null);
select * from emp , dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表1 , 表2 WHERE 条件 ... ;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表1 [ INNER ] JOIN 表2 ON 连接条件 ... ;
select emp.name , dept.name from emp , dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id ;
-- 为每一张表起别名,简化SQL编写
select e.name,d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id; select e.name, d.name from emp e inner join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
-- 为每一张表起别名,简化SQL编写
select e.name, d.name from emp e join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
表的别名:
注意事项:
一旦为表起了别名,就不能再使用表名来指定对应的字段了,此时只能够使用别名来指定字段。
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表1 LEFT [ OUTER ] JOIN 表2 ON 条件 ... ;
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表1 RIGHT [ OUTER ] JOIN 表2 ON 条件 ... ;
select e.*, d.name from emp e left outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.*, d.name from emp e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
select d.*, e.* from emp e right outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;
select d.*, e.* from dept d left outer join emp e on e.dept_id = d.id;
注意事项:左外连接和右外连接是可以相互替换的,只需要调整在连接查询时SQL 中,表结构的先后顺序就可以了。而我们在日常开发使用时,更偏向于左外连接。
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表A 别名A JOIN 表A 别名B ON 条件 ... ;
select a.name , b.name from emp a , emp b where a.managerid = b.id;
select a.name '员工', b.name '领导' from emp a left join emp b on a.managerid = b.id;
注意事项 :在自连接查询中,必须要为表起别名,要不然我们不清楚所指定的条件、返回的字段,到底是哪一张表的字段。
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表A ...
UNION [ ALL ]
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表B ....;
select * from emp where salary < 5000
union all
select * from emp where age > 50;
select * from emp where salary < 5000
union
select * from emp where age > 50;
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = ( SELECT column1 FROM t2 );
select id from dept where name = '销售部';
select * from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '销售部');
select entrydate from emp where name = '方东白';
select * from emp where entrydate > (select entrydate from emp where name = '方东白');
| 操作符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| IN |
在指定的集合范围之内,多选一
|
|
NOT IN
|
不在指定的集合范围之内
|
|
ANY
|
子查询返回列表中,有任意一个满足即可
|
|
SOME
|
与
ANY
等同,使用
SOME
的地方都可以使用
ANY
|
|
ALL
|
子查询返回列表的所有值都必须满足
|
select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部';
select * from emp where dept_id in (select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部');
select id from dept where name = '财务部';
select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '财务部');
select * from emp where salary > all ( select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '财务部') );
select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部');
select * from emp where salary > any ( select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部') );
select salary, managerid from emp where name = '张无忌';
select * from emp where (salary,managerid) = (select salary, managerid from emp where name = '张无忌');
select job, salary from emp where name = '鹿杖客' or name = '宋远桥';
select * from emp where (job,salary) in ( select job, salary from emp where name = '鹿杖客' or name = '宋远桥' );
select * from emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01';
select e.*, d.* from (select * from emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01') e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id ;
create table salgrade(
grade int,
losal int,
hisal int
) comment '薪资等级表';
insert into salgrade values (1,0,3000);
insert into salgrade values (2,3001,5000);
insert into salgrade values (3,5001,8000);
insert into salgrade values (4,8001,10000);
insert into salgrade values (5,10001,15000);
insert into salgrade values (6,15001,20000);
insert into salgrade values (7,20001,25000);
insert into salgrade values (8,25001,30000);
select e.name , e.age , e.job , d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.name , e.age , e.job , d.name from emp e inner join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id where e.age < 30;
select distinct d.id , d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;
select e.*, d.name from emp e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id where e.age > 40 ;
-- 方式一
select e.* , s.grade , s.losal, s.hisal from emp e , salgrade s where e.salary >= s.losal and e.salary <= s.hisal;
-- 方式二
select e.* , s.grade , s.losal, s.hisal from emp e , salgrade s where e.salary between s.losal and s.hisal;
select e.* , s.grade from emp e , dept d , salgrade s where e.dept_id = d.id and ( e.salary between s.losal and s.hisal ) and d.name = '研发部';
select avg(e.salary) from emp e, dept d where e.dept_id = d.id and d.name = '研发部';
select salary from emp where name = '灭绝';
select * from emp where salary > ( select salary from emp where name = '灭绝' );
select avg(salary) from emp;
select * from emp where salary > ( select avg(salary) from emp );
select avg(e1.salary) from emp e1 where e1.dept_id = 1;
select avg(e1.salary) from emp e1 where e1.dept_id = 2;
select * from emp e2 where e2.salary < ( select avg(e1.salary) from emp e1 where e1.dept_id = e2.dept_id );
select d.id, d.name , ( select count(*) from emp e where e.dept_id = d.id ) '人数' from dept d;
select s.name , s.no , c.name from student s , student_course sc , course c where s.id = sc.studentid and sc.courseid = c.id ;
备注 : 以上需求的实现方式可能会很多 , SQL 写法也有很多,只要能满足我们的需求,查询出符合条 件的记录即可。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- huatuo9.cn 版权所有 赣ICP备2023008801号-1
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 18 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务